{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T19:17:00Z","timestamp":1757704620097},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Diab Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-002-0023-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,22]],"date-time":"2007-05-22T23:00:31Z","timestamp":1179874831000},"page":"331-336","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The utility and efficacy of the new insulins in the management of diabetes and pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"23_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198105283042204","volume":"304","author":"E Miller","year":"1981","unstructured":"Miller E, Hare JW, Cloherty JP, et al.: Elevated maternal hemoglobin A1c in early pregnancy and major congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers. N Engl J Med 1981, 304:1331\u20131334.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"23_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.14.9.573","volume":"14","author":"J Steinke","year":"1965","unstructured":"Steinke J, Driscoll SG: The extractable insulin content of pancreas from fetuses and infants of diabetic and control mothers. Diabetes 1965, 14:573\u2013578.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"23_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.29.12.1023","volume":"29","author":"N Freinkel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Freinkel N: Of pregnancy and progeny. Diabetes 1980, 29:1023\u20131035.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"23_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.15.10.1251","volume":"15","author":"CA Combs","year":"1992","unstructured":"Combs CA, Gunderson E, Kitzmiller JL, et al.: Relationship of fetal macrosomia to maternal postprandial glucose control during pregnancy. Diabetes Care 1992, 15:1251\u20131257.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050010","volume":"43","author":"L Suhonen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suhonen L, Hiilesmaa V, Teramo K: Glycaemic control during early pregnancy and fetal malformations in women with type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2000, 43:79\u201382. The relationship between glycemia and fetal malformations in type 1 diabetes is quantified and provides a background to balance the benefits of euglycemia and any theoretic risks from the new insulin analogues.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"23_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401047","volume":"33","author":"U Hanson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hanson U, Persson B, Thunell S: Relationship between haemoglobin A1c in early type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic pregnancy and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion and fetal malformation in Sweden. Diabetologia 1990, 33:100\u2013104.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"23_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.40.2.S99","volume":"40","author":"BE Metzger","year":"1991","unstructured":"Metzger BE: Biphasic effects of maternal metabolism on fetal growth: quintessential expression of fuel-mediated teratogenesis. Diabetes 1991, 40(suppl 2):99\u2013105.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"23_CR8","volume-title":"Diabetes and Pregnancy","author":"WW Hay","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hay WW: Fetal metabolic consequences of maternal diabetes. In Diabetes and Pregnancy, edn 1. Edited by Jovanovic L. New York: Praeger; 1986.","edition":"edn 1"},{"key":"23_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250050792","volume":"40","author":"A Plagemann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Plagemann A, Harder T, Kohlhoff R, et al.: Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in children of mothers with pregestational IDDM or gestational diabetes. Diabetologia 1997, 40:1094\u20131100.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"23_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.34.2.S119","volume":"34","author":"DJ Pettitt","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pettitt DJ, Bennett PH, Knowler WC, et al.: Gestational diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy: long terms effects on obesity and glucose tolerance in the offspring. Diabetes 1985, 34(suppl 2):119\u2013122.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"23_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.5.611","volume":"18","author":"BL Silverman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Silverman BL, Metzger BE, Cho NH, Loeb CA: Impaired glucose tolerance in adolescent offspring of diabetic mothers. Diabetes Care 1995, 18:611\u2013617.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pregnancy outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial [no authors listed]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996, 174:1343\u20131353.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70683-X"},{"key":"23_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.6.3.219","volume":"6","author":"K Fuhrmann","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fuhrmann K, Reiher H, Semmler K, et al.: Prevention of congenital malformations in infants of insulin dependent diabetic mothers. Diabetes Care 1983, 6:219\u2013223.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6760.1070","volume":"301","author":"JM Steele","year":"1990","unstructured":"Steele JM, Johnstone FD, Hepburn DA, Smith AF: Can prepregnancy care of diabetic women reduce the risk of abnormal babies? BMJ 1990, 301:1070\u20131074.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"23_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7103.263","volume":"315","author":"D Simmons","year":"1997","unstructured":"Simmons D: Persistently poor pregnancy outcomes in IDDM. BMJ 1997, 315:263\u2013264.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"23_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91213-4","volume":"346","author":"P Garner","year":"1995","unstructured":"Garner P: Type 1 diabetes mellitus and pregnancy. Lancet 1995, 346:157\u2013161.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"23_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70097-4","volume":"170","author":"O Langer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Langer O, Rodriguez DA, Xenakis EMJ, et al.: Intensified versus conventional management of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994, 170:1036\u20131047.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"23_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199511093331901","volume":"333","author":"M Veciana de","year":"1995","unstructured":"de VecianaM, Major CA, Morgan MA, et al.: Postprandial versus preprandial blood glucose monitoring in women with gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin therapy. N Engl J Med 1995, 333:1237\u20131241.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"23_CR19","first-page":"S77","volume":"24","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2001","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association: Care of women with diabetes in pregnancy. Diabetes Care 2001, 24(suppl 1):S77-S79.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1998.tb140192.x","volume":"169","author":"L Hoffman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hoffman L, Nolan C, Wilson JD, et al.: Consensus Statement: Gestational diabetes mellitus\u2014management guidelines. The Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society. Med J Aust 1998, 169:93\u201397.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"23_CR21","first-page":"2444","volume":"44","author":"EL Toth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Toth EL, Lee KC: Guidelines for using insulin lispro. Can Fam Phys 1998, 44:2444\u20132449.","journal-title":"Can Fam Phys"},{"key":"23_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.6.948","volume":"20","author":"JG Kotsanas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kotsanas JG, Vignati L, Huster W, et al.: Health related quality of life results from the multinational trials of insulin lispro. Diabetes Care 1997, 20:948\u2013958.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00380.x","volume":"17","author":"PD Home","year":"2000","unstructured":"Home PD, Lindholm A, Riist A, European Insulin Aspart Study Group: Insulin aspart vs human insulin in the management of long term blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial. Diabet Med 2000, 17:762\u2013771.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"23_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00529.x","volume":"18","author":"E Witthaus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Witthaus E, Stewart J, Bradley C: Treatment satisfaction and psychological well-being with insulin glargine compared with NPH in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2001, 18:619\u2013625.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"23_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250051286","volume":"42","author":"GB Bolli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bolli GB, Di Marchi RD, Park GD, et al.: Insulin analogues and their potential in the management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1999, 42:1151\u20131167. The use of insulin analogues is reviewed outside of pregnancy, providing information regarding the overall benefits and risks of the insulin analogues.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"23_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05842-1","volume":"358","author":"DR Owens","year":"2001","unstructured":"Owens DR, Zinman B, Bolli GB: Insulins today and beyond. Lancet 2001, 358:739\u2013746. The use of new insulin preparations is reviewed, placing the insulin analogues into perspective regarding future insulin developments.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"23_CR27","first-page":"A3","volume":"35","author":"LN J\u00f8rgensen","year":"1992","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen LN, Dideriksen LH, Drejer K: Carcinogenic effect of human insulin analogue B10Asp in female rats. Diabetologia 1992, 35:A3.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"23_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.6.999","volume":"49","author":"P Kurtzhals","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kurtzhals P, Sch\u00e4ffer L, S\u00f8resen A, et al.: Correlations of receptor binding and metabolic and mitogenic potentials of insulin analogues designed for clinical use. Diabetes 2000, 49:999\u20131005.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"23_CR29","first-page":"A429","volume":"50","author":"I Stammberger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stammberger I, Troschau G, Donaubauer H: Insulin glargine is not carcinogenic in rats and mice. Diabetes 2001, 50(suppl 2):A429.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"23_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199008023230505","volume":"323","author":"RK Menon","year":"1990","unstructured":"Menon RK, Cohen RM, Sperling MA, et al.: Transplacental passage of insulin in pregnant women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: its role in fetal macrosomia. N Engl J Med 1990, 323:309\u2013315.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"23_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.5.876","volume":"25","author":"A Lindholm","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lindholm A, Jensen LB, Home PD, et al.: Immune responses to insulin aspart and biphasic insulin aspart in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:876\u2013882.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.9.1422","volume":"22","author":"L Jovanovic","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jovanovic L, Ilic S, Pettitt DJ, et al.: Metabolic and immunologic effects of insulin lispro in gestational diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:1422\u20131427. The only randomized trial using insulin lispro in pregnancy. Insulin lispro use was associated with similar or improved clinical measures and with no significant immunologic response when compared with regular insulin.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR33","first-page":"S69","volume":"184","author":"B Rosenn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rosenn B, Kossenjans W, Eis A, et al.: Does lispro insulin cross the human placenta? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001, 184:S69.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"23_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3109\/10915819409140597","volume":"13","author":"J Beulke-Sam","year":"1994","unstructured":"Beulke-Sam J, Byrd RA, Hoyt JA, Zimmerman JL: A reproductive and developmental toxicity study in CD rats of LY275585, Lys(B28), Pro, (B29)-human insulin. J Am Coll Toxicol 1994, 13:247\u2013260.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Toxicol"},{"key":"23_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371414","volume":"337","author":"TD Diamond","year":"1997","unstructured":"Diamond TD, Kormas N: Possible adverse fetal effect of insulin lispro. N Engl J Med 1997, 337:1009.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"23_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710023371415","volume":"337","author":"JH Anderson Jr","year":"1997","unstructured":"Anderson JHJr, Bastyr EJIII, Wishner KL: Possible adverse fetal effect of insulin lispro. N Engl J Med 1997, 337:1010.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"23_CR37","first-page":"173","volume":"13","author":"AL Calle-Pascual","year":"2000","unstructured":"Calle-Pascual AL, Bagazgoitia J, Calle JR, et al.: Use of insulin lispro in pregnancy. Diabetes Nutr Metab 2000, 13:173\u2013177. The first major review of the use of insulin lispro in pregnancy. This was generally based on abstracts and company data.","journal-title":"Diabetes Nutr Metab"},{"key":"23_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/94.5.255","volume":"94","author":"A Bhattacharyya","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya A, Brown S, Hughes S, Vice PA: Insulin lispro and regular insulin in pregnancy. Q J Med 2001, 94:255\u2013260. The first major series of diabetic women using insulin lispro in pregnancy. The series confirmed safety and utility.","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"23_CR39","first-page":"A437","volume":"47","author":"SG Rosen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rosen SG, Engel SS: Use of insulin lispro in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1998, 47(suppl 1):A437.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"23_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610120059851","volume":"21","author":"TO Idama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Idama TO, Lindow SW, French M, Masson EA: Preliminary experience with the use of insulin lispro in pregnant diabetic women. J Obstet Gynaecol 2001, 21:350\u2013351. A further major series of diabetic women using insulin lispro in pregnancy. The series also confirmed safety and utility.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"23_CR41","first-page":"A383","volume":"20","author":"SK Garg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garg SK, Anil S, Gottlieb P, et al.: Better glycaemic control and reduced need for Caesarean sections with insulin lispro treated pregnancies in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2001, 20(suppl 2):A383.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"23_CR42","first-page":"A381","volume":"50","author":"H Alawi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Alawi H: Use of insulin lispro in pregnant women. Diabetes 2001, 50(suppl 2):A381.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"23_CR43","first-page":"A538","volume":"50","author":"JE Patmore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Patmore JE, Masson EA, Brash PD, et al.: Maternal outcome in type 1 diabetic pregnancy treated with insulin lispro. Diabetes 2001, 50(suppl 2):A538.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"23_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.5.846","volume":"22","author":"L Jovanovic","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jovanovic L: Retinopathy risk: what is responsible? Hormones, hyperglycaemia or humalog? Diabetes Care 1999, 22:846\u2013847.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117473","volume":"185","author":"A Buchbinder","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buchbinder A, Khoury J, Miodovnik M: Insulin lispro and the development of proliferative retinopathy during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 2001, 185:775\u2013776.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"23_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.5.874","volume":"22","author":"JL Kitzmiller","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kitzmiller JL, Main E, Ward B, et al.: Insulin lispro and the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy [letter]. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:874\u2013876. The first and only description of diabetic women who developed proliferative retinopathy from pristine retinae during pregnancy.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.12.2101","volume":"22","author":"A Bhattacharyya","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya A, Vice PA: Insulin lispro, pregnancy and retinopathy. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:2101\u20132102.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"23_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.108893","volume":"183","author":"A Buchbinder","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buchbinder A, Miodovnik M, McElvy S, et al.: Is insulin lispro associated with the development or progression of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000, 183:1162\u20131165.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"23_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.117472","volume":"185","author":"JL Kitzmiller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kitzmiller JL: Insulin lispro and the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy [letter]. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 2001, 185:774\u2013775.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynaecol"}],"container-title":["Current Diabetes Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11892-002-0023-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11892-002-0023-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11892-002-0023-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T23:52:06Z","timestamp":1559433126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11892-002-0023-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}},"alternative-id":["23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-002-0023-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-4827","1539-0829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-4827","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-0829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]}}}