{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T16:11:38Z","timestamp":1782403898969,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Diab Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0690-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T06:58:17Z","timestamp":1444805897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Towards an Earlier and Timely Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes: Is it Time to Change Criteria to Define Disease Onset?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Nigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Dotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"690_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2014.07.008","volume":"40","author":"K Simmons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simmons K, Michels AW. Lessons from type 1 diabetes for understanding natural history and prevention of autoimmune disease. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 2014;40:797\u2013811.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"690_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ziegler AG, Rewers M, Simell O, Simell T, Lempainen J, Steck A, et al. Seroconversion to multiple islet autoantibodies and risk of progression to diabetes in children. JAMA. 2013;309:2473\u20139. Seminal study on natural history of type 1 diabetes.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6285"},{"key":"690_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1660","volume":"61","author":"JM Sosenko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sosenko JM, Skyler JS, Herold KC, Palmer JP. The metabolic progression to type 1 diabetes as indicated by serial oral glucose tolerance testing in the Diabetes Prevention Trial-type 1. Diabetes. 2012;61:1331\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"690_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015;38 Suppl:S8-S16.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-S005"},{"key":"690_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2013.07.001","volume":"3","author":"MS Freedman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freedman MS, Comi G, De Stefano N, Barkhof F, Polman CH, Uitdehaag BM, et al. Moving toward earlier treatment of multiple sclerosis: Findings from a decade of clinical trials and implications for clinical practice. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2014;3:147\u201355.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"690_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200006000-00001","volume":"13","author":"G Comi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Comi G. Why treat early multiple sclerosis patients? Curr Opin Neurol. 2000;13:235\u201340.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"690_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4179","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-0656","volume":"62","author":"JM Sosenko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sosenko JM, Skyler JS, Beam CA, Krischer JP, Greenbaum CJ, Mahon J, et al. Acceleration of the loss of the first-phase insulin response during the progression to type 1 diabetes in diabetes prevention trial-type 1 participants. Diabetes. 2013;62:4179\u201383.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"690_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13492-7","volume":"361","author":"W Arlt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arlt W, Allolio B. Adrenal insufficiency. Lancet. 2003;361:1881\u201393.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"690_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12162","volume":"275","author":"ES Husebye","year":"2014","unstructured":"Husebye ES, Allolio B, Arlt W, Badenhoop K, Bensing S, Betterle C, et al. Consensus statement on the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency. J Intern Med. 2014;275:104\u201315.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"690_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R165","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0450","volume":"169","author":"A Grossman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grossman A, Johannsson G, Quinkler M, Zelissen P. Therapy of endocrine disease: Perspectives on the management of adrenal insufficiency: clinical insights from across Europe. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;169:R165\u201375.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"690_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0028","volume":"24","author":"J Jonklaas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, Burman KD, Cappola AR, Celi FS, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement. Thyroid. 2014;24:1670\u2013751.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"690_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaddis JS, Pugliese A, Atkinson MA. A run on the biobank: what have we learned about type 1 diabetes from the nPOD tissue repository? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2015;22:290\u20135. Key study describing the nPOD project: a network of procuring and characterizing, in a collaborative manner, pancreata and related tissues (spleen, lymph node, pancreatic lymph node, peripheral blood) from cadaveric organ donors with type 1 diabetes as well as those whom are islet autoantibody positive.","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000171"},{"key":"690_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0365","volume":"63","author":"S Arif","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arif S, Leete P, Nguyen V, Marks K, Nor NM, Estorninho M, et al. Blood and islet phenotypes indicate immunological heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2014;63:3835\u201345.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"690_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3960","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0214","volume":"63","author":"YG Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen YG, Cabrera SM, Jia S, Kaldunski ML, Kramer J, Cheong S, et al. Molecular signatures differentiate immune states in type 1 diabetic families. Diabetes. 2014;63:3960\u201373.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"690_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3657-x","volume":"58","author":"MM Lamb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lamb MM, Frederiksen B, Seifert JA, Kroehl M, Rewers M, Norris JM. Sugar intake is associated with progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. Diabetologia. 2015;58:2027\u201334.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"690_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeGeeter M, Williamson B. Alternative Agents in Type 1 Diabetes in Addition to Insulin Therapy: Metformin, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Pioglitazone, GLP-1 Agonists, DPP-IV Inhibitors, and SGLT-2 Inhibitors. J Pharm Pract. 2014.","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190014549837"},{"key":"690_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1473","volume":"37","author":"G Sarkar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sarkar G, Alattar M, Brown RJ, Quon MJ, Harlan DM, Rother KI. Exenatide treatment for 6 months improves insulin sensitivity in adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:666\u201370.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"690_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.02.002","volume":"98","author":"S Lord","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lord S, Greenbaum CJ. Disease modifying therapies in type 1 diabetes: Where have we been, and where are we going? Pharmacol Res. 2015;98:3\u20138.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"690_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2846","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0676","volume":"59","author":"HA Keenan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keenan HA, Sun JK, Levine J, Doria A, Aiello LP, Eisenbarth G, et al. Residual insulin production and pancreatic ss-cell turnover after 50 years of diabetes: Joslin Medalist Study. Diabetes. 2010;59:2846\u201353.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"690_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78492","volume":"125","author":"MJ Haller","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haller MJ, Gitelman SE, Gottlieb PA, et al. Anti-thymocyte globulin\/ G-CSF treatment preserves \u03b2 cell function in patients with established type 1 diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(1):448\u201355.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"690_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000173","volume":"22","author":"RA Insel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Insel RA, Dunne JL, Ziegler AG. General population screening for type 1 diabetes: has its time come? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2015;22:270\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"}],"container-title":["Current Diabetes Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11892-015-0690-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11892-015-0690-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11892-015-0690-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T10:56:21Z","timestamp":1567248981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11892-015-0690-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["690"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-015-0690-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-4827","1539-0829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-4827","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-0829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]]},"article-number":"115"}}