{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:35:34Z","timestamp":1782549334045,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Diab Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-018-1093-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T11:54:22Z","timestamp":1538135662000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Oral Agents for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Finneran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark B.","family":"Landon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1093_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S137","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S013","volume":"41","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2018","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Management of Diabetes in pregnancy: standards of medical Care in Diabetes\u20142018. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:S137\u201343.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1093_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.5.1390","volume":"26","author":"R Boskovic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boskovic R, Feig DS, Derewlany L, Knie B, Portnoi G, Koren G. Transfer of insulin Lispro across the human placenta: in vitro perfusion studies. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1390\u20134.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1093_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210759","volume":"22","author":"L Goetzl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Goetzl L, Wilkins I. Glyburide compared to insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: a cost analysis. J Perinatol. 2002;22:403\u20136.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"key":"1093_CR4","first-page":"B2","volume":"218","author":"Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Publications Committee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Society of Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) Publications Committee. SMFM statement: pharmacological treatment of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218:B2\u20134 Elsevier Inc.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-016-0802-y","volume":"16","author":"R Bergel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bergel R, Hadar E, Toledano Y, Hod M. Pharmacological Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"1093_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00542327","volume":"21","author":"G Sartor","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sartor G, Lundquist I, Melander A, Scherst\u00e9n B, W\u00e5hlin-Boll E. Improved effect of glibenclamide on administration before breakfast. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1982;21:403\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1093_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31829007f0","volume":"121","author":"SN Caritis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Caritis SN, Hebert MF. A pharmacologic approach to the use of glyburide in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121:1309\u201312.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-009-0044-3","volume":"9","author":"MJ Paglia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paglia MJ, Coustan DR. The use of oral antidiabetic medications in gestational diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2009;9:287\u201390.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1093_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2009.5","volume":"85","author":"MF Hebert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hebert MF, Ma X, Naraharisetti SB, Krudys KM, Umans JG, Hankins GDV, et al. Are we optimizing gestational diabetes treatment with glyburide the pharmacologic basis for better clinical practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85:607\u201314.","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics"},{"key":"1093_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00607919","volume":"28","author":"L Groop","year":"1985","unstructured":"Groop L, W\u00e5hlin-Boll E, Groop PH, T\u00f6tterman KJ, Melander A, Tolppanen EM, et al. Pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects of glibenclamide and glipizide in type 2 diabetics. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1985;28:697\u2013704.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1093_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010193431601","volume":"343","author":"O Langer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Langer O, Conway DL, Berkus MD, Xenakis EM, Gonzales O. A comparison of glyburide and insulin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:1134\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1093_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.05.019","volume":"72","author":"TN Nanovskaya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nanovskaya TN, Nekhayeva I, Hankins GDV, Ahmed MS. Effect of human serum albumin on transplacental transfer of glyburide. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;72:632\u20139.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"1093_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.12.005","volume":"195","author":"J Kraemer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kraemer J, Klein J, Lubetsky A, Koren G. Perfusion studies of glyburide transfer across the human placenta: implications for fetal safety. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:270\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.05.001","volume":"29","author":"E Pollex","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pollex E, Lubetsky A, Koren G. The role of placental breast Cancer resistance protein in the efflux of glyburide across the human placenta. Placenta. 2008;29:743\u20137.","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"1093_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.07.011","volume":"192","author":"O Langer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Langer O, Yogev Y, Xenakis EMJ, Rosenn B. Insulin and glyburide therapy: dosage, severity level of gestational diabetes, and pregnancy outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:134\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000285","volume":"123","author":"W Camelo Castillo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Camelo Castillo W, Boggess K, St\u00fcrmer T, Brookhart MA, Benjamin DK, Jonsson Funk M. Trends in glyburide compared with insulin use for gestational diabetes treatment in the United States, 2000-2011. Obstet Gynecol. 2014;123:1177\u201384.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertini AM, Silva JC, Taborda W, Becker F, Lemos Bebber FR, Zucco Viesi JM, et al. Perinatal outcomes and the use of oral hypoglycemic agents. J Perinat Med. 2005;33:519\u201323.","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2005.092"},{"key":"1093_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.03.018","volume":"193","author":"GF Jacobson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jacobson GF, Ramos GA, Ching JY, Kirby RS, Ferrara A, Field DR. Comparison of glyburide and insulin for the management of gestational diabetes in a large managed care organization. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;193:118\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.02.038","volume":"200","author":"KY Lain","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lain KY, Garabedian MJ, Daftary A, Jeyabalan A. Neonatal adiposity following maternal treatment of gestational diabetes with glyburide compared with insulin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200:501.e1\u20136 Mosby, Inc.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318190a459","volume":"113","author":"W Nicholson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nicholson W, Bolen S, Witkop CT, Neale D, Wilson L, Bass E. Benefits and risks of oral diabetes agents compared with insulin in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113:193\u2013205.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.580402","volume":"25","author":"YW Cheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheng YW, Chung JH, Block-Kurbisch I, Inturrisi M, Caughey AB. Treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: glyburide compared to subcutaneous insulin therapy and associated perinatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012;25:379\u201384.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"1093_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.1811","volume":"169","author":"WC Castillo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Castillo WC, Boggess K, St\u00fcrmer T, Brookhart MA, Benjamin DK, Funk MJ. Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with glyburide vs insulin inwomen with gestational diabetes. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169:975.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"1093_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"R Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song R, Chen L, Chen Y, Si X, Liu Y, Liu Y, et al. Comparison of glyburide and insulin in the management of gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12:1\u201319.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1093_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.4072","volume":"319","author":"M-V S\u00e9nat","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 S\u00e9nat M-V, Affres H, Letourneau A, Coustols-Valat M, Cazaubiel M, Legardeur H, et al. Effect of glyburide vs subcutaneous insulin on perinatal complications among women with gestational diabetes. JAMA. 2018;319:1773 This is both the largest and most contemporaneous randomized controlled trial investigating glyburide versus insulin for treatment of gestational diabetes.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1093_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602293340906","volume":"334","author":"CJ Bailey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bailey CJ, Turner RC. Metformin. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:574\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1093_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3182a562b7","volume":"349","author":"FJ Pasquel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pasquel FJ, Klein R, Adigweme A, Hinedi Z, Coralli R, Pimentel JL, et al. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis. Am J Med Sci. 2015;349:263\u20137 Elsevier Masson SAS.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"1093_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00404340","volume":"37","author":"D Galuska","year":"1994","unstructured":"Galuska D, Nolte LA, Zierath JR, Hospital K. Effect of metformin on insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle obtained from patients with NIDDM. Diabetologia. 1994;37:826\u201332.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"1093_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.36.5.632","volume":"36","author":"R. A. Jackson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jackson RA, Hawa MI, Jaspan JB, Sim BM, DiSilvio L, Featherbe D, et al. Mechanism of metformin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes. 1987;36:632\u201340.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1093_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero R, Erez O, H\u00fcttemann M, Maymon E, Panaitescu B, Conde-Agudelo A, et al. Metformin, the aspirin of the 21st century: its role in gestational diabetes mellitus, prevention of preeclampsia and cancer, and the promotion of longevity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217:282\u2013302 Elsevier Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.06.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"1093_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2165\/11534750-000000000-00000","volume":"50","author":"Garry G. Graham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Graham GG, Punt J, Arora M, Day RO, Doogue MP, Duong JK, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011;50:81\u201398.","journal-title":"Clinical Pharmacokinetics"},{"key":"1093_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000184161.52573.0e","volume":"28","author":"B Charles","year":"2006","unstructured":"Charles B, Norris R, Xiao X, Hague W. Population pharmacokinetics of metformin in late pregnancy. Ther Drug Monit. 2006;28:67\u201372.","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"1093_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.11.051","volume":"83","author":"E Vanky","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vanky E, Zahlsen K, Spigset O, Carlsen SM. Placental passage of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:1575\u20138.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1093_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.01.013","volume":"136","author":"M Kovo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kovo M, Haroutiunian S, Feldman N, Hoffman A, Glezerman M. Determination of metformin transfer across the human placenta using a dually perfused ex vivo placental cotyledon model. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;136:29\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"1093_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.047","volume":"195","author":"TN Nanovskaya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nanovskaya TN, Nekhayeva IA, Patrikeeva SL, Hankins GDV, Ahmed MS. Transfer of metformin across the dually perfused human placental lobule. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:1081\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2026","volume":"28","author":"M Kovo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kovo M, Kogman N, Ovadia O, Nakash I, Golan A, Hoffman A. Carrier-mediated transport of metformin across the human placenta determined by using the ex vivo perfusion of the placental cotyledon model. Prenat Diagn. 2008;28:544\u20138.","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"1093_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.01.035","volume":"202","author":"SJ Hemauer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hemauer SJ, Patrikeeva SL, Nanovskaya TN, Hankins GDV, Ahmed MS. Role of human placental apical membrane transporters in the efflux of glyburide, rosiglitazone, and metformin. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;202:383.e1\u20137 Elsevier Inc.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8207","volume":"87","author":"DJ Jakubowicz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jakubowicz DJ, Iuorno MJ, Jakubowicz S, K a R, Nestler JE. Effects of metformin on early pregnancy loss in the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:524\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1093_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)03202-2","volume":"77","author":"CJ Glueck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Glueck CJ, Wang P, Kobayashi S, Phillips H, Sieve-Smith L. Metformin therapy throughout pregnancy reduces the development of gestational diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:520\u20135.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"19","key":"1093_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707193","volume":"358","author":"Janet A. Rowan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rowan JA, Hague WM, Gao W, Battin MR, Moore MP, Trial Investigators MG. Metformin versus insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2003\u201315.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"1093_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0660","volume":"34","author":"JA Rowan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rowan JA, Rush EC, Obolonkin V, Battin M, Wouldes T, Hague WM. Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition at 2 years of age. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:2279\u201384.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"1093_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02763.x","volume":"118","author":"H Ij\u00e4s","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ij\u00e4s H, V\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4sm\u00e4ki M, Morin-Papunen L, Keravuo R, Ebeling T, Saarela T, et al. Metformin should be considered in the treatment of gestational diabetes: a prospective randomised study. BJOG. 2011;118:880\u20135.","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"key":"1093_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12964","volume":"122","author":"H Ij\u00e4s","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ij\u00e4s H, V\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4sm\u00e4ki M, Saarela T, Keravuo R, Raudaskoski T. A follow-up of a randomised study of metformin and insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus: growth and development of the children at the age of 18 months. BJOG. 2015;122:994\u20131000.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"1093_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.03.022","volume":"209","author":"CP Spaulonci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spaulonci CP, Bernardes LS, Trindade TC, Zugaib M, Francisco RPV. Randomized trial of metformin vs insulin in the management of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;209:34.e1\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1093_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12017","volume":"15","author":"K Tertti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tertti K, Ekblad U, Koskinen P, Vahlberg T, R\u00f6nnemaa T. Metformin vs. insulin in gestational diabetes. A randomized study characterizing metformin patients needing additional insulin. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15:246\u201351.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"1093_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0570-6","volume":"51","author":"K Tertti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tertti K, Laine K, Ekblad U, Rinne V, R\u00f6nnemaa T. The degree of fetal metformin exposure does not influence fetal outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol. 2014;51:731\u20138.","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"1093_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000456","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2017-000456","volume":"6","author":"JA Rowan","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Rowan JA, Rush EC, Plank LD, Lu J, Obolonkin V, Coat S, et al. Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7-9 years of age. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2018;6:e000456 This is an offspring study from the largest randomized controlled trial comparing metformin vs. insulin. It is the longest published follow up study in children exposed to metformin antenatally.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"1093_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Farrar D, Simmonds M, Bryant M, Sheldon TA, Tuffnell D, Golder S, et al. Treatments for gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017;7 This is a comprehensive meta-analysis that includes a three armed-network meta-analysis comparing metformin vs. insulin, glyburide vs. insulin, and metformin vs. glyburide.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015557"},{"key":"1093_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.04.028","volume":"111","author":"JC Silva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Silva JC, Pacheco C, Bizato J, De Souza BV, Ribeiro TE, Bertini AM. Metformin compared with glyburide for the management of gestational diabetes. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2010;111:37\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1093_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12276","volume":"55","author":"Anne George","year":"2015","unstructured":"George A, Mathews JE, Sam D, Beck M, Benjamin SJ, Abraham A, et al. Comparison of neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes with moderate hyperglycaemia on metformin or glibenclamide - a randomised controlled trial. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;55:47\u201352.","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1093_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014558289","volume":"49","author":"Linda Tran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tran L, Zielinski A, Roach AH, Jende JA, Householder AM, Cole EE, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of type 2 diabetes: Oral medications. Ann Pharmacother. 2015;49:540\u201356.","journal-title":"Annals of Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"1093_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-017-9958-7","volume":"32","author":"X Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun X, Zhang Z, Ning H, Sun H, Ji X. Sitagliptin down-regulates retinol-binding protein 4 and reduces insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized and double-blind trial. Metab Brain Dis. 2017;32:773\u20138.","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"1093_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2008.08.001","volume":"26","author":"GF Haddad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Haddad GF, Jodicke C, Thomas MA, Williams DB, Aubuchon M. Case series of rosiglitazone used during the first trimester of pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol. 2008;26:183\u20134.","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"1093_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.10.045","volume":"83","author":"LYS Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan LYS, Yeung JHK, Lau TK. Placental transfer of rosiglitazone in the first trimester of human pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2005;83:955\u20138.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1093_CR54","unstructured":"Barbour LA, Scifres C, Valent AM, Friedman JE, Buchanan TA, Coustan D, et al. A cautionary response to SMFM statement: pharmacological treatment of gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018."},{"issue":"2","key":"1093_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002726","volume":"132","author":"Deborah J. Wexler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wexler DJ, Powe CE, Barbour LA, Buchanan T, Coustan DR, Corcoy R, et al. Research gaps in gestational diabetes mellitus: executive summary of a National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases workshop. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132:496\u2013505.","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"}],"container-title":["Current Diabetes Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11892-018-1093-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11892-018-1093-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11892-018-1093-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,28]],"date-time":"2019-09-28T02:28:04Z","timestamp":1569637684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11892-018-1093-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-018-1093-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-4827","1539-0829"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-4827","type":"print"},{"value":"1539-0829","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 September 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Matthew M. Finneran and Mark B. Landon declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"119"}}