{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:20:38Z","timestamp":1773663638485,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,1]],"date-time":"2004-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1072915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Gastroenterol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-004-0027-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,25]],"date-time":"2007-05-25T02:36:27Z","timestamp":1180060587000},"page":"60-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["New concepts of the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease lead to novel treatments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Lieber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"27_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.31782","volume":"35","author":"B Raynard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raynard B, Balian A, Fallik D, et al.: Risk factors of fibrosis in alcohol-induced liver disease. Hepatology 2002, 35:635\u2013638. Excess weight was found to be a significant risk factor for alcoholic liver disease, including fibrosis, and therefore its correction should be considered in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR2","first-page":"1215","volume":"26","author":"RF Anton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anton RF, Lieber CS, Tabakoff B: Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin and gamma-glutamyltransferase for the detection and monitoring of alcohol use: results from a multisite study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002, 26:1215\u20131222. This test combination has been validated for the detection of drinking.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820110040006","volume":"49","author":"JR Volpicelli","year":"1992","unstructured":"Volpicelli JR, Alterman AI, Hayashida M, O\u2019Brien CP: Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992, 49:876\u2013880.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"27_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80420-1","volume":"32","author":"CS Lieber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lieber CS: Alcoholic liver disease: new insights in pathogenesis lead to new treatments. J Hepatology 2000, 32:113\u2013128.","journal-title":"J Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080113","volume":"8","author":"AM Duce","year":"1988","unstructured":"Duce AM, Ortiz P, Cabrero C, Mato JM: S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase and phospholipid methyltransferase are inhibited in human cirrhosis. Hepatology 1988, 8:65\u201368.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/S0369-8114(01)00239-5","volume":"49","author":"CS Lieber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lieber CS: Alcoholic liver injury: pathogenesis and therapy in 2001. Pathol Biol 2001, 49:738\u2013752.","journal-title":"Pathol Biol"},{"key":"27_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840110203","volume":"11","author":"CS Lieber","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lieber CS, Casini A, DeCarli LM, et al.: S-adenosyl-L-methionine attenuates alcohol-induced liver injury in the baboon. Hepatology 1990, 11:165\u2013172.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91250-A","volume":"99","author":"M Frezza","year":"1990","unstructured":"Frezza M, Surrenti C, Manzillo G, et al.: Oral S-adenosylmethionine in the symptomatic treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis: a double-blind placebo controlled study. Gastroenterology 1990, 99:211\u2013215.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"27_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909093067","volume":"24","author":"G Vendemiale","year":"1989","unstructured":"Vendemiale G, Altomare E, Trizio T, et al.: Effect of oral S-adenosyl-L-methionine on hepatic glutathione in patients with liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989, 24:407\u2013415.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"27_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80263-3","volume":"30","author":"JM Mato","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mato JM, C\u2019amara J, Fern\u2019andez de Paz J, et al.: S-Adenosylmethionine in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: a randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial. J Hepatology 1999, 30:1081\u20131089. This study reveals that S-adenosylmethionine can decrease the mortality of Child A and B cirrhotics.","journal-title":"J Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3320-7","volume-title":"Medical and Nutritional Complications of Alcoholism:Mechanisms and Management","author":"CS Lieber","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lieber CS: Medical and Nutritional Complications of Alcoholism:Mechanisms and Management. New York: Plenum Press; 1992."},{"key":"27_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840120311","volume":"12","author":"H Moshage","year":"1990","unstructured":"Moshage H, Casini A, Lieber CS: Acetaldehyde selectively stimulates collagen production in cultured rat liver fat-storing cells but not in hepatocytes. Hepatology 1990, 12:511\u2013518.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04439.x","volume":"21","author":"X Ma","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ma X, Svegliati-Baroni G, Poniachik J, et al.: Collagen synthesis by liver stellate cells is released from its normal feedback regulation by acetaldehyde-induced modification of the carboxyl-terminal propeptide of procollagen. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997, 21:1204\u20131211.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90070-2","volume":"87","author":"E-R Savolainen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Savolainen E-R, Leo MA, Timpl R, Lieber CS: Acetaldehyde and lactate stimulate collagen synthesis of cultured baboon liver myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 1984, 87:777\u2013787.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"27_CR15","first-page":"758","volume":"13","author":"A Casini","year":"1991","unstructured":"Casini A, Cunningham M, Rojkind M, Lieber CS: Acetaldehyde increases procollagen type I and fibronectin gene transcription in cultured rat fat-storing cells through a protein synthesis-dependent mechanism. Hepatology 1991, 13:758\u2013765.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.2.517","volume":"77","author":"CS Lieber","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lieber CS: Cytochrome P4502E1: its physiological and pathological role. Physiol Rev 1997, 77:517\u2013544.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"27_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04209.x","volume":"23","author":"CS Lieber","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lieber CS: Prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis based on pathogenesis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999, 23:944\u2013949.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(94)95023-7","volume":"106","author":"CS Lieber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lieber CS, Robins SJ, Li J, et al.: Phosphatidylcholine protects against fibrosis and cirrhosis in the baboon. Gastroenterology 1994, 106:152\u2013159.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"27_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90143-4","volume":"87","author":"KM Mak","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mak KM, Leo MA, Lieber CS: Alcoholic liver injury in baboons: transformation of lipocytes to transitional cells. Gastroenterology 1984, 87:188\u2013200.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"27_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080508","volume":"8","author":"KI Mak","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mak KI, Lieber CS: Lipocytes and transitional cells in alcoholic liver disease: a morphometric study. Hepatology 1988, 8:1027\u20131033.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(99)90064-1","volume":"133","author":"J Poniachik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Poniachik J, Baraona E, Zhao J, Lieber CS: Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine decreases hepatic stellate cell activation. J Lab Clin Med 1999, 133:342\u2013348.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"27_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(84)90252-6","volume":"797","author":"M Arai","year":"1984","unstructured":"Arai M, Gordon ER, Lieber CS: Decreased cytochrome oxidase activity in hepatic mitochondria after chronic ethanol consumption and the possible role of decreased cytochrome aa3 content and changes in phospholipids. Biochim Biophys Acta 1984, 797:320\u2013327.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"27_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.9.1800","volume":"127","author":"K Navder","year":"1997","unstructured":"Navder K, Baraona E, Lieber CS: Polyenylphosphatidylcholine attenuates alcohol-induced fatty liver and hyperlipemia in rats. J Nutr 1997, 127:1800\u20131806.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"27_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03776.x","volume":"21","author":"CS Lieber","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lieber CS, Leo MA, Aleynik SI, et al.: Polyenylphosphatidylcholine decreases alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the baboon. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997, 21:375\u2013379.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80147-4","volume":"24","author":"X Ma","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ma X, Zhao J, Lieber CS: Polyenylphosphatidylcholine attenuates non-alcoholic hepatic fibrosis and accelerates its regression. J Hepatology 1996, 24:604\u2013613.","journal-title":"J Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840150303","volume":"15","author":"J-J Li","year":"1992","unstructured":"Li J-J, Kim C-I, Leo MA, et al.: Polyunsaturated lecithin prevents acetaldehyde-mediated hepatic collagen accumulation by stimulating collagenase activity in cultured lipocytes. Hepatology 1992, 15:373\u2013381.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00915.x","volume":"18","author":"CS Lieber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lieber CS, Robins SJ, Leo MA: Hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity is decreased by ethanol and increased by phosphatidylcholine. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994, 18:592\u2013595.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR28","first-page":"21","volume":"29","author":"GLA Bird","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bird GLA, Panos MZ, Polson R, et al.: Activity of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine in HbsAg negative chronic active hepatitis and acute alcoholic hepatitis. Z Gastroenterol 1991, 29:21\u201324.","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"27_CR29","first-page":"797","volume":"45","author":"C Niederau","year":"1998","unstructured":"Niederau C, Strohmeyer G, Heinges T, et al.: Polyunsaturated phosphatidyl-choline and interferon alpha for treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C: a multi-center, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatogastroenterology 1998, 45:797\u2013804.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"27_CR30","first-page":"386A","volume":"32","author":"CS Lieber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lieber CS, Leo MA, Aleynik SI, et al.: Increasing circulating level of dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine is associated with protection against alcohol induced oxidative stress and liver fibrosis in man [abstract]. Hepatology 2000, 32:386A.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000093744.12232.34","volume":"27","author":"CS Lieber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lieber CS, Weiss DG, Groszmann R, et al.: VA Cooperative study of polyenylphosphatidylcholine in alcoholic liver disease: effects on drinking behavior by nurse\/physician teams. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003, 27:1757\u20131764.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000093743.03049.80","volume":"27","author":"CS Lieber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lieber CS, Weiss DG, Groszmann R, et al.: Cooperative study of polyenylphosphatidylcholine in alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003, 27:1765\u20131772.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(89)90083-4","volume":"9","author":"P Ferenci","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ferenci P, Dragosics B, Dittrich H, et al.: Randomized controlled trial of silymarin-treatment in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. J Hepatology 1989, 9:105\u2013113.","journal-title":"J Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80285-7","volume":"28","author":"A Pares","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pares A, Planas R, Torres M, et al.: Effects of silymarin in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis of the liver: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized and multicenter trial. J Hepatology 1998, 28:615\u2013621.","journal-title":"J Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200310000-00013","volume":"37","author":"CS Lieber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lieber CS, Leo MA, Cao Q, et al.: Silymarin retards the progression of alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis in baboons. J Clin Gastroenterol 2003, 37:336\u2013339.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"27_CR36","first-page":"977","volume":"17","author":"MA Leo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Leo MA, Rosman A, Lieber CS: Differential depletion of carotenoids and tocopherol in liver diseases. Hepatology 1993, 17:977\u2013986.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1995.10718493","volume":"15","author":"la Maza MP de","year":"1995","unstructured":"de la Maza MP, Petermann M, Bunout D, Hirsch S: Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation in alcoholic cirrhotics. J Am Coll Nutr 1995, 15:192\u2013196.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"27_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105637","volume":"46","author":"CS Lieber","year":"1967","unstructured":"Lieber CS, Lefevre A, Spritz N, et al.: Difference in hepatic metabolism of long and medium-chain fatty acids: the role of fatty acid chain length in the production of the alcoholic fatty liver. J Clin Invest 1967, 46:1451\u20131460.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"27_CR39","first-page":"1694","volume":"277","author":"AA Nanji","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nanji AA, Yang EK, Fogt F, et al.: Medium chain triglycerides and vitamin E reduced the severity of established experimental alcoholic liver disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996, 277:1694\u20131700.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"27_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.8627","volume":"32","author":"E Cabre","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cabre E, Rodriguez-Iglesias P, Caballeria J, et al.: Short-and long-term outcome of severe alcohol-induced hepatitis treated with steroids or enteral nutrition: a multicenter randomized trial. Hepatology 2000, 32:36\u201342.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840130211","volume":"13","author":"A Khoruts","year":"1991","unstructured":"Khoruts A, Stahnke L, McClain CJ, et al.: Circulating tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations in chronic alcoholic patients. Hepatology 1991, 13:267\u2013276.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR42","first-page":"449","volume":"84","author":"N Sheron","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sheron N, Bird G, Goka J, et al.: Elevated plasma interleukin-6 and increased severity and mortality in alcoholic hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunology 1991, 84:449\u2013453.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunology"},{"key":"27_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01631.x","volume":"20","author":"T Koivisto","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koivisto T, Mishin V, Mak KM, et al.: Induction of cytochrome P-4502E1 by ethanol in rat Kupffer cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1996, 20:207\u2013212.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03631.x","volume":"22","author":"R Batey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Batey R, Cao Q, Madsen G, et al.: Decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1alpha production from intrahepatic mononuclear cells in chronic ethanol consumption and up regulation by endotoxin. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1998, 22:150\u2013156.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20189","volume":"119","author":"E Akriviadis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Akriviadis E, Botla R, Briggs W, et al.: Pentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: a double-blind survival in controlled trial. Gastroenterology 2000, 119:1637\u20131648. This compound is of obvious therapeutic interest in patients with alcoholic hepatitis.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"27_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441A","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2001.25386","volume":"34","author":"R Jalan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jalan R, Williams R, Kaser R: Clinical and cytokine responses to anti-TNF antibody therapy in severe alcoholic hepatitis [abstract]. Hepatology 2001, 34:441A.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"27_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(99)90167-1","volume":"134","author":"CM Oneta","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oneta CM, Mak KM, Lieber CS: Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine selectively modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced Kupffer cell activation. J Lab Clin Med 1999, 134:466\u2013470.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"27_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000078614.44983.97","volume":"27","author":"J Kato","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kato J, Sato Y, Inui N, et al.: Ethanol induces transforming growth factor-alpha expression in hepatocytes, leading to stimulation of collagen synthesis by hepatic stellate cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003, 27:58S-63S.","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"27_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1051","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00128.2002","volume":"283","author":"Q Cao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cao Q, Mak KM, Lieber CS: DLPC decreases TGF-beta1-induced collagen mRNA by inhibiting p38 MAPK in hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002, 283:G1051-G1061.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"27_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-110-9-685","volume":"110","author":"RL Carithers Jr","year":"1989","unstructured":"Carithers RL Jr, Herlong FH, Diehl AM, et al.: Methylprednisone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized multicenter trial. Ann Intern Med 1989, 110:685\u2013690.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"27_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202203260802","volume":"326","author":"MJ Ramond","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ramond MJ, Poynard T, Rueff B: A randomized trial of prednisolone in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. N Engl J Med 1992, 326:507\u2013512.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"27_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.1.113","volume":"37","author":"E Christensen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Christensen E, Gluud C: Glucocorticoids are effective in alcoholic hepatitis: a meta-analysis adjusting for confounding variables. Gut 1995, 37:113\u2013118.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"27_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198806303182602","volume":"318","author":"D Kershenobich","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kershenobich D, Vargas F, Garcia-Tsao G, et al.: Colchicine in the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver. N Engl J Med 1988, 318:1709\u20131713.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"27_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A342","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(02)80201-3","volume":"122","author":"T Morgan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morgan T, Nemchausky B, Schiff E, et al.: Colchicine does not prolong life in patients with advanced alcoholic cirrhosis: results of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter VA trial (CSP 352) [abstract]. Gastroenterology 2002, 122:A342.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"27_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5870","volume":"288","author":"MK Aleynik","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aleynik MK, Lieber CS: Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine decreases ethanol-induced cytochrome P4502E1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001, 288:1047\u20131051.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"}],"container-title":["Current Gastroenterology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0027-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0027-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0027-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T09:28:44Z","timestamp":1587547724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0027-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}},"alternative-id":["27"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0027-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8037","1534-312X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8037","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-312X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]}}}