{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T06:33:09Z","timestamp":1768631589953,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Gastroenterol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-004-0037-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,19]],"date-time":"2007-05-19T22:51:36Z","timestamp":1179615096000},"page":"111-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The pathology of ductal-type pancreatic carcinomas and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: Insights for clinicians"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Kl\u00f6ppel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"L\u00fcttges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"37_CR1","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System: WHO Classification of Tumours","author":"G Kl\u00f6ppel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ppel G, Hruban RH, Longnecker DS, et al.: Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. In Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System: WHO Classification of Tumours. Edited by Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000:221\u2013230."},{"key":"37_CR2","first-page":"251","volume":"7","author":"RH Hruban","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hruban RH, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Wilentz RE, et al.: Molecular pathology of pancreatic cancer. Cancer J 2001, 7:251\u2013258.","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"37_CR3","first-page":"277","volume":"41","author":"PS Moore","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moore PS, Beghelli S, Scarpa A: Genetic profile of pancreatic tumours. Histopathology 2002, 41(Suppl 2):277\u2013281.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"37_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64123-5","volume":"158","author":"J L\u00fcttges","year":"2001","unstructured":"L\u00fcttges J, Galehdari H, Br\u00f6cker V, et al.: Allelic loss is often the first hit in the biallelic inactivation of the p53 and DPC4 genes during pancreatic carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol 2001, 158:1677\u20131683. This study showed an accumulation of genetic alterations with increasing PanIN grade. Moreover, the data indicate that allelic loss is the first hit in the biallelic inactivation of the p53 and DPC4 tumor suppressor genes. Taken together, the data support a tumor progression model for PDAC.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200105000-00003","volume":"25","author":"RH Hruban","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hruban RH, Adsay NV, Albores-Saavedra J, et al.: Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: a new nomenclature and classification system for pancreatic duct lesions. Am J Surg Pathol 2001, 25:579\u2013586. This paper presents the PanIN classification, which standardizes terms to cover the various changes in the pancreatic duct system that seem to be relevant to the development of PDAC.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65054-7","volume":"156","author":"RH Hruban","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hruban RH, Wilentz RE, Kern SE: Genetic progression in the pancreatic ducts. Am J Pathol 2000, 156:1821\u20131825.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"37_CR7","first-page":"267","volume":"41","author":"J L\u00fcttges","year":"2002","unstructured":"L\u00fcttges J, Kl\u00f6ppel G: Differentiating pancreatic tumours by their mucin expression. Histopathology 2002, 41(Suppl. 2):267\u2013294.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"37_CR8","first-page":"326","volume":"57","author":"E Hiyama","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hiyama E, Kodama T, Shinbara K, et al.: Telomerase activity is detected in pancreatic cancer but not in benign tumors. Cancer Res 1997, 57:326\u2013331.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"37_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.3.214","volume":"95","author":"SA Hahn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hahn SA, Greenhalf B, Ellis I, et al.: BRCA2 germline mutations in familial pancreatic carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003, 95:214\u2013221.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"37_CR10","volume-title":"AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology, third series, fascicle 20","author":"E Solcia","year":"1997","unstructured":"Solcia E, Capella C, Kl\u00f6ppel G: Tumors of the pancreas. In AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology, third series, fascicle 20. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1997."},{"key":"37_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(97)90283-5","volume":"28","author":"CD Gocke","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gocke CD, Dabbs DJ, Benko FA, Silverman JF: KRAS oncogene mutations suggest a common histogenetic origin for pleomorphic giant cell tumor of the pancreas, osteoclastoma of the pancreas, and pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 1997, 28:80\u201383.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980401)82:7<1279::AID-CNCR10>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"82","author":"KH Molberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Molberg KH, Heffess C, Delgado R, Albores-Saavedra J: Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells of the pancreas and periampullary region. Cancer 1998, 82:1279\u20131287.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"37_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199805)185:1<53::AID-PATH45>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"185","author":"A Hoorens","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hoorens A, Prenzel K, Lemoine NR, Kl\u00f6ppel G: Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas: analysis of intermediate filament profile and Ki-ras mutations provides evidence of a ductal origin. J Pathol 1998, 185:53\u201360.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199904000-00013","volume":"18","author":"Y Imai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Imai Y, Morishita S, Ikeda Y, et al.: Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas: a report of three cases. Pancreas 1999, 18:308\u2013315.","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"37_CR15","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System: WHO Classification of Tumours","author":"G Zamboni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zamboni G, Kl\u00f6ppel G, Hruban RH, et al.: Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. In Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System: WHO Classification of Tumours. Edited by Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000:234\u2013236."},{"key":"37_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.3.457","volume":"39","author":"C Azar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Azar C, Van de Stadt J, Rickaert F, et al.: Intraductal papillary mucinous tumours of the pancreas: clinical and therapeutic issues in 32 patients. Gut 1996, 39:457\u2013464.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"37_CR17","first-page":"16","volume":"17","author":"NV Adsay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adsay NV, Longnecker DS, Klimstra DS: Pancreatic tumors with cystic dilatation of the ducts: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms. Semin Diagn Pathol 2000, 17:16\u201330.","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36552","volume":"123","author":"ST Chari","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chari ST, Yadav D, Smyrk TC, et al.: Study of recurrence after surgical resection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas. Gastroenterology 2002, 123:1500\u20131507.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"37_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200010000-00006","volume":"24","author":"B Terris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Terris B, Ponsot T, Paye F, et al.: Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas confined to secondary ducts show less aggressive pathologic features as compared with those involving the main pancreatic duct. Am J Surg Pathol 2000, 24:1372\u20131377.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR20","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Pancreatic pathology","author":"G Kl\u00f6ppel","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ppel G: Pancreatic, non-endocrine tumours. In Pancreatic pathology. Edited by Kl\u00f6ppel G, Heitz PU. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill Livingstone; 1984:79\u2013113."},{"key":"37_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.879_h.x","volume":"94","author":"M Sugiyama","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sugiyama M, Atomi Y: Extrapancreatic neoplasms occur with unusual frequency in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas. Am J Gastroenterol 1999, 94:470\u2013473.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"37_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00189573","volume":"425","author":"F Sessa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sessa F, Solcia E, Capella C, et al.: Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumours represent a distinct group of pancreatic neoplasms: an investigation of tumour cell differentiation and K-ras, p53, and c-erbB-2 abnormalities in 26 patients. Virchows Arch 1994, 425:357\u2013367.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"37_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20010101)91:1<35::AID-CNCR5>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"91","author":"H Inoue","year":"2001","unstructured":"Inoue H, Tsuchida A, Kawasaki Y, et al.: Preoperative diagnosis of intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors of the pancreas with attention to telomerase activity. Cancer 2001, 91:35\u201341.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"37_CR24","first-page":"237","volume-title":"Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System: WHO Classification of Tumours","author":"DS Longnecker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Longnecker DS, Adler G, Hruban RH, Kl\u00f6ppel G: Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. In Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System: WHO Classification of Tumours. Edited by Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2000:237\u2013240."},{"key":"37_CR25","first-page":"1447","volume":"151","author":"H Fujii","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fujii H, Inagaki M, Kasai S, et al.: Genetic progression and heterogeneity in intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Am J Pathol 1997, 151:1447\u20131454.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64589-0","volume":"157","author":"CA Iacobuzio-Donahue","year":"2000","unstructured":"Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Klimstra DS, Adsay NV, et al.: Dpc-4 protein is expressed in virtually all human intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: comparison with conventional ductal adenocarcinomas. Am J Pathol 2000, 157:755\u2013761.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200107000-00014","volume":"25","author":"J L\u00fcttges","year":"2001","unstructured":"L\u00fcttges J, Zamboni G, Longnecker D, Kl\u00f6ppel G: The immunohistochemical mucin expression pattern distinguishes different types of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas and determines their relationship to mucinous noncystic carcinoma and ductal adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2001, 25:942\u2013948. This study shows that IPMNs with a MUC2 phenotype are probably precursors of colloid (mucinous noncystic) carcinoma.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1998.tb03913.x","volume":"48","author":"S Yonezawa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yonezawa S, Taira M, Osako M, et al.: MUC-1 mucin expression in invasive areas of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas. Pathol Int 1998, 48:319\u2013322.","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"key":"37_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199608000-00007","volume":"20","author":"NV Adsay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Adsay NV, Adair CF, Heffess CS, Klimstra DS: Intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms of the pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol 1996, 20:980\u2013994.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200101000-00003","volume":"25","author":"NV Adsay","year":"2001","unstructured":"Adsay NV, Pierson C, Sarkar F, et al.: Colloid (mucinous noncystic) carcinoma of the pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol 2001, 25:26\u201342. This study reveals that colloid (mucinous noncystic) carcinoma of the pancreas is biologically distinct from PDAC and represents an entity of its own.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200201000-00006","volume":"26","author":"G Seidel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Seidel G, Zahurak M, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, et al.: Almost all infiltrating colloid carcinomas of the pancreas and periampullary region arise from in situ papillary neoplasms: a study of 39 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2002, 26:56\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR32","first-page":"143A","volume":"10","author":"V Adsay","year":"1997","unstructured":"Adsay V, Conlon K, Brennan M, Klimstra D: Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMN): an analysis of in situ and invasive carcinomas associated with 23 cases. Mod Pathol 1997, 10:143A.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63053-2","volume":"159","author":"N Sato","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sato N, Rosty C, Jansen M, et al.: STK11\/LKB1 Peutz-Jeghers gene inactivation in intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Am J Pathol 2001, 159:2017\u20132022.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199904000-00005","volume":"23","author":"G Zamboni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zamboni G, Scarpa A, Bogina G, et al.: Mucinous cystic tumors of the pancreas: clinicopathological features, prognosis and relationship to other mucinous cystic tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 1999, 23:410\u2013422. This study reveals that recurrence and tumor-related death were features of deeply invasive MCNs only. In addition, it suggests that the similarities in gender, morphology, and stromal luteinization between pancreatic MCN and its ovarian, hepatobiliary, and retroperitoneal counterparts may reflect a common pathway for their development.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/69.6.573","volume":"69","author":"J Compagno","year":"1978","unstructured":"Compagno J, Oertel JE: Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas with overt and latent malignancy (cystadenocarcinoma and cystadenoma): a clinicopathologic study of 41 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 1978, 69:573\u2013580.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199911000-00002","volume":"23","author":"RE Wilentz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wilentz RE, Albores-Saavedra J, Zahurak M, et al.: Pathologic examination accurately predicts prognosis in mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol 1999, 23:1320\u20131327.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(98)00380-2","volume":"139","author":"D Bartsch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bartsch D, Barth P, Bastian D, et al.: Higher frequency of DPC4\/Smad4 alterations in pancreatic cancer cell lines than in primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Cancer Lett 1999, 139:43\u201349.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"37_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200011000-00011","volume":"24","author":"CA Iacobuzio-Donahue","year":"2000","unstructured":"Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Wilentz RE, Argani P, et al.: Dpc4 protein in mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.: frequent loss of expression in invasive carcinomas suggests a role in genetic progression. Am J Surg Pathol 2000, 24:1544\u20131548.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR39","first-page":"1501","volume":"152","author":"M Goggins","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goggins M, Offerhaus GJ, Hilgers W, et al.: Pancreatic adenocarcinomas with DNA replication errors (RER+) are associated with wild-type K-ras and characteristic histopathology: poor differentiation, a syncytial growth pattern, and pushing borders suggest RER+. Am J Pathol 1998, 152:1501\u20131507. In this study a new tumor type of the pancreas is described.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65035-3","volume":"156","author":"RE Wilentz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wilentz RE, Goggins M, Redston M, et al.: Genetic, immunohistochemical, and clinical features of medullary carcinoma of the pancreas: a newly described and characterized entity. Am J Pathol 2000, 156:1641\u20131651.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.6.442","volume":"89","author":"AB Lowenfels","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P, DiMagno EP, et al.: Hereditary pancreatitis and the risk of pancreatic cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997, 89:442\u2013446.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"37_CR42","first-page":"251","volume":"23","author":"HT Lynch","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lynch HT, Smyrk T, Kern SE, et al.: Familial pancreatic cancer: a review. Semin Oncol 1996, 23:251\u2013275.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"37_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1998.00411.x","volume":"32","author":"J L\u00fcttges","year":"1998","unstructured":"L\u00fcttges J, Vogel I, Menke MAOH, et al.: Clear cell carcinoma of the pancreas: an adenocarcinoma with ductal phenotype. Histopathology 1998, 32:444\u2013448.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"37_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200004000-00003","volume":"24","author":"V Adsay","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adsay V, Logani S, Sarkar F, et al.: Foamy gland pattern of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a deceptively benign-appearing variant. Am J Surg Pathol 2000, 24:493\u2013504.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-002-0751-5","volume":"442","author":"N Ohike","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ohike N, J\u00fcrgensen A, Pipeleers-Marichal M, Kl\u00f6ppel G: Mixed ductal-endocrine carcinomas of the pancreas and ductal adenocarcinomas with scattered endocrine cells: characterization of the endocrine cells. Virchows Arch 2003, 442:258\u2013265.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"37_CR46","first-page":"104","volume":"17","author":"G Kl\u00f6ppel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ppel G: Mixed exocrine-endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Semin Diagn Pathol 2000, 17:104\u2013108.","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR47","first-page":"2167","volume":"150","author":"PM Pour","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pour PM, Weide L, Liu G, et al.: Experimental evidence for the origin of ductal-type adenocarcinoma from the islets of Langerhans. Am J Pathol 1997, 150:2167\u20132180.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)36105-0","volume":"27","author":"SC Sommers","year":"1954","unstructured":"Sommers SC, Murphy SA, Warren S: Pancreatic duct hyperplasia and cancer. Gastroenterology 1954, 27:629\u2013640.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"37_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MP.0000087422.24733.62","volume":"16","author":"A Andea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andea A, Sarkar F, Adsay NV: Clinicopathological correlates of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: a comparative analysis of 82 cases with and 152 cases without pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2003, 16:996\u20131006.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280050428","volume":"435","author":"J L\u00fcttges","year":"1999","unstructured":"L\u00fcttges J, Reinecke-L\u00fcthge A, M\u00f6llmann B, et al.: Duct changes and K-ras mutations in the disease-free pancreas: analysis of type, age relation and spatial distribution. Virchows Arch 1999, 435:461\u2013468.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"37_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199802000-00003","volume":"22","author":"DJ Brat","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brat DJ, Lillemoe KD, Yeo CJ, et al.: Progression of pancreatic intraductal neoplasias to infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol 1998, 22:163\u2013169.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S1092-9134(98)80020-8","volume":"2","author":"E Brockie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brockie E, Anand A, Albores-Saavedra J: Progression of atypical ductal hyperplasia\/carcinoma in situ of the pancreas to invasive adenocarcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 1998, 2:286\u2013292.","journal-title":"Ann Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200108000-00009","volume":"25","author":"KA Meckler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Meckler KA, Brentnall TA, Haggitt RC, et al.: Familial fibrocystic pancreatic atrophy with endocrine cell hyperplasia and pancreatic carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2001, 25:1047\u20131053.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR54","volume-title":"WHO International Histological Classification of Tumours","author":"G Kl\u00f6ppel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kl\u00f6ppel G, Solcia E, Longnecker DS, et al.: Histological typing of tumours of the exocrine pancreas. In WHO International Histological Classification of Tumours, edn 2. Edited by Kl\u00f6ppel G, Solcia E, Longnecker D, et al.: Berlin: Springer; 1996.","edition":"edn 2"},{"key":"37_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02784932","volume":"14","author":"T Tabata","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tabata T, Fujimoro T, Maeda S, et al.: The role of ras mutation in pancreatic cancer, precancerous lesions, and chronic pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 1993, 14:237\u2013244.","journal-title":"Int J Pancreatol"},{"key":"37_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199302000-00007","volume":"217","author":"K Motojima","year":"1993","unstructured":"Motojima K, Urano T, Nagata Y, et al.: Detection of point mutations in the Kirsten-ras oncogene provides evidence for the multicentricity of pancreatic carcinoma. Ann Surg 1993, 217:138\u2013143.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"37_CR57","first-page":"2140","volume":"57","author":"CA Moskaluk","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moskaluk CA, Hruban RH, Kern SE: p16 and K-ras gene mutations in the intraductal precursors of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 1997, 57:2140\u20132143. This work points to the role of p16 and K-ras gene mutations in the progression model of PDAC.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"37_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980215)82:4<651::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"82","author":"H Matsubayashi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Matsubayashi H, Watanabe H, Nishikura K, et al.: Determination of pancreatic ductal carcinoma histogenesis by analysis of mucous quality and K-ras mutation. Cancer 1998, 82:651\u2013660.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"37_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990415)85:8<1703::AID-CNCR9>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"85","author":"J L\u00fcttges","year":"1999","unstructured":"L\u00fcttges J, Schlehe B, Menke MAOH, et al.: The K-ras mutation pattern in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is usually identical to that in associated normal, hyperplastic and metaplastic duct epithelium. Cancer 1999, 85:1703\u20131710.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"37_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65083-3","volume":"156","author":"M Yamano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yamano M, Fujii H, Takagaki T, et al.: Genetic progression and divergence in pancreatic carcinoma. Am J Pathol 2000, 156:2123\u20132133.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64520-8","volume":"157","author":"E Heinm\u00f6ller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heinm\u00f6ller E, Dietmaier W, Zirngibl H, et al.: Molecular analysis of microdissected tumors and preneoplastic intraductal lesions in pancreatic carcinoma. Am J Pathol 2000, 157:83\u201392.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64432-X","volume":"161","author":"Heek NT van","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Heek NT, Meeker AK, Kern SE, et al.: Telomere shortening is nearly universal in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Pathol 2002, 161:1541\u20131547.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(96)90364-0","volume":"27","author":"JD Day","year":"1996","unstructured":"Day JD, DiGiuseppe JA, Yeo C, et al.: Immunohistochemical evaluation of HER-2\/neu expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms. Hum Pathol 1996, 27:119\u2013124.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MP.0000086072.56290.FB","volume":"16","author":"A Maitra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maitra A, Adsay NV, Argani P, et al.: Multicomponent analysis of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma progression model using a pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissue microarray. Mod Pathol 2003, 16:902\u2013912.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65047-X","volume":"156","author":"M Goggins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goggins M, Hruban RH, Kern SE: BRCA2 is inactivated late in the development of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: evidence and implications. Am J Pathol 2000, 156:1767\u20131771.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR66","first-page":"812","volume":"7","author":"N Maass","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maass N, Hojo T, Ueding M, et al.: Expression of the tumor suppressor gene maspin in human pancreatic cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2001, 7:812\u2013817.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"37_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27124","volume":"121","author":"P Michl","year":"2001","unstructured":"Michl P, Buchholz M, Rolke M, et al.: Claudin-4: a new target for pancreatic cancer treatment using Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Gastroenterology 2001, 121:684.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"37_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63911-9","volume":"162","author":"C Iacobuzio-Donahue","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Maitra A, Olsen M, et al.: Exploration of global gene expression patterns in pancreatic adenocarcinoma using cDNA microarrays. Am J Pathol 2003, 162:1151\u20131162.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"37_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gr\u00fctzmann R, Foerder M, Alldinger I, et al.: Gene expression profiles of microdissected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Virchows Arch 2003, DOI 10.1007\/s00428-003-0884-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-003-0884-1"}],"container-title":["Current Gastroenterology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0037-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0037-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0037-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T00:03:39Z","timestamp":1628899419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0037-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["37"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0037-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8037","1534-312X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8037","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-312X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}}}