{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T10:34:14Z","timestamp":1792319654541,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]],"date-time":"2004-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Gastroenterol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-004-0039-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,19]],"date-time":"2007-05-19T22:51:36Z","timestamp":1179615096000},"page":"126-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Now that fecal elastase is available in the United States, should clinicians start using it?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Paul G.","family":"Lankisch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"39_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02784928","volume":"14","author":"PG Lankisch","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lankisch PG, Andr\u2019en-Sandberg \u00c5: Standards for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and for the evaluation of treatment. Int J Pancreatol 1993, 14:205\u2013212.","journal-title":"Int J Pancreatol"},{"key":"39_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(94)90553-3","volume":"107","author":"P Layer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Layer P, Yamamoto H, Kalthoff L, et al.: The different courses of early- and late-onset idiopathic and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1994, 107:1481\u20131487.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"39_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.9.777","volume":"23","author":"PG Lankisch","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lankisch PG: Progress report: exocrine pancreatic function tests. Gut 1982, 23:777\u2013798.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"39_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02795225","volume":"14","author":"PG Lankisch","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lankisch PG: Function tests in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis: critical evaluation. Int J Pancreatol 1993, 14:9\u201320.","journal-title":"Int J Pancreatol"},{"key":"39_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(89)80003-7","volume":"22","author":"A Sziegoleit","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sziegoleit A, Krause E, Kl\u00f6r H-U, et al.: Elastase 1 and chymotrypsin B in pancreatic juice and feces. Clin Biochem 1989, 22:85\u201389.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"39_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00675a012","volume":"14","author":"PA Mallory","year":"1975","unstructured":"Mallory PA, Travis J: Human pancreatic enzymes: purification and characterization of a nonelastolytic enzyme, protease E, resembling elastase. Biochemistry 1975, 14:722\u2013730.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"39_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00656a036","volume":"15","author":"C Largman","year":"1976","unstructured":"Largman C, Brodrick JW, Geokas MC: Purification and characterization of two human pancreatic elastases. Biochemistry 1976, 15:2491\u20132500.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"39_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2190735","volume":"219","author":"A Sziegoleit","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sziegoleit A: A novel proteinase from human pancreas. Biochem J 1984, 219:735\u2013742.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"39_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)80024-4","volume":"100","author":"A Sziegoleit","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sziegoleit A, Linder D: Studies on the sterol-binding capacity of human pancreatic elastase 1. Gastroenterology 1991, 100:768\u2013774.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"39_CR10","first-page":"427","volume":"16","author":"U Scheefers-Borchel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Scheefers-Borchel U, Scheefers H, Arnold R, et al.: Pankreatische Elastase 1: Parameter f\u00fcr die chronische und akute Pankreatitis. Lab Med 1992, 16:427\u2013432.","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"39_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329903600606","volume":"36","author":"IJ Phillips","year":"1999","unstructured":"Phillips IJ, Rowe DJ, Dewar P, Connett GJ: Faecal elastase 1: a marker of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis. Ann Clin Biochem 1999, 36:739\u2013742.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"39_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.39.4.580","volume":"39","author":"C L\u00f6ser","year":"1996","unstructured":"L\u00f6ser C, M\u00f6llgaard A, F\u00f6lsch UR: Faecal elastase 1: a novel, highly sensitive, and specific tubeless pancreatic function test. Gut 1996, 39:580\u2013586.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"39_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.2.222","volume":"42","author":"J Stein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stein J, Jung M, Sziegoleit A, et al.: Immunoreactive elastase I: clinical evaluation of a new noninvasive test of pancreatic function. Clin Chem 1996, 42:222\u2013226.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"39_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026691209094","volume":"44","author":"L Gullo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gullo L, Ventrucci M, Tomassetti P, et al.: Fecal elastase 1 determination in chronic pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 1999, 44:210\u2013213.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"39_CR15","first-page":"1834","volume":"90","author":"JE Dom\u2019inguez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dom\u2019inguez-Mu\u00f1oz JE, Hieronymus C, Sauerbruch T, Malfertheiner P: Fecal elastase test: evaluation of a new noninvasive pancreatic function test. Am J Gastroenterol 1995, 90:1834\u20131837.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"39_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199611000-00016","volume":"8","author":"B Glasbrenner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Glasbrenner B, Sch\u00f6n A, Klatt S, et al.: Clinical evaluation of the faecal elastase test in the diagnosis and staging of chronic pancreatitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1996, 8:1117\u20131120.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"39_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.42.4.551","volume":"42","author":"PG Lankisch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lankisch PG, Schmidt I, K\u00f6nig H, et al.: Faecal elastase 1: not helpful in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis associated with mild to moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Gut 1998, 42:551\u2013554.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"39_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750422729","volume":"36","author":"S L\u00fcth","year":"2001","unstructured":"L\u00fcth S, Teyssen S, Forssmann K, et al.: Fecal elastase-1 determination: \u2018gold standard\u2019 of indirect pancreatic function tests? Scand J Gastroenterol 2001, 36:1092\u20131099. Well-conducted study in a large number of patients showing that neither fecal elastase-1 nor fecal chimotrypsin estimation is very specific and that sensitivity is low in mild exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"39_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503163321107","volume":"332","author":"M Donowitz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Donowitz M, Kokke FT, Saidi R: Evaluation of patients with chronic diarrhea. N Engl J Med 2003, 332:725\u2013729.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"39_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201300192058","volume":"36","author":"B Fischer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fischer B, Hoh S, Wehler M, et al.: Faecal elastase-1: lyophilization of stool samples prevents false low results in diarrhoea. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001, 36:771\u2013774. In this study, it is clearly shown that fecal elastase-1 estimation should not be performed in non-formed stools and that lyophilization of stool samples is advisable to avoid falsely abnormal test results.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"39_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.25.7.756","volume":"25","author":"M Sarner","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sarner M, Cotton PB: Classification of pancreatitis. Gut 1984, 25:756\u2013759.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"39_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5089(21)00761-6","volume":"13","author":"M Sarner","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sarner M, Cotton PB: Definitions of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol 1984, 13:865\u2013870.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"39_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)81806-4","volume":"114","author":"HS Choi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Choi HS, Ham JS, Han DS, et al.: Clinical evaluation of faecal elastase 1 as an exocrine function test in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1998, 114:A447.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"39_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01451.x","volume":"17","author":"SA Sonwalkar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sonwalkar SA, Holbrook IB, Phillips I, Kelly SM: A prospective, comparative study of the para-aminobenzoic acid test and faecal elastase 1 in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003, 17:467\u2013471.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"39_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1159\/000073654","volume":"3","author":"C Gredal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gredal C, Madsen LG, Larsen S: The Lundh test and faecal elastase 1 determination in chronic pancreatitis: a comparative study. Pancreatology 2003, 3:389\u2013394.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"39_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1159\/000198833","volume":"25","author":"PG Lankisch","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lankisch PG, Manthey G, Otto J, et al.: Exocrine pancreatic function in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Digestion 1982, 25:211\u2013216.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"39_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750422657","volume":"36","author":"W Rathmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rathmann W, Haastert B, Icks A, et al.: Low faecal elastase 1 concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001, 36:1056\u20131061.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"39_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-17867","volume":"39","author":"A Icks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Icks A, Haastert B, Giani G, Rathmann W: Low fecal elastase-1 in type I diabetes mellitus. Z Gastroenterol 2001, 39:823\u2013830.","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"key":"39_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1159\/000073655","volume":"3","author":"PD Hardt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hardt PD, Hauenschild A, Nalop J, et al.: High prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in diabetes mellitus: a multicenter study screening fecal elastase 1 concentrations in 1,021 diabetic patients. Pancreatology 2003, 3:395\u2013402.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"39_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529950173104","volume":"34","author":"J Walkowiak","year":"1999","unstructured":"Walkowiak J, Cichy WK, Herzig K-H: Comparison of fecal elastase-1 determination with the secretin-cholecystokinin test in patients with cystic fibrosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999, 34:202\u2013207. Well-conducted study in children with cystic fibrosis showing that fecal elastase-1 determination is very insensitive in mild exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and in cystic fibrosis.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"39_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010687918252","volume":"46","author":"A Carroccio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carroccio A, Verghi F, Santini B, et al.: Diagnostic accuracy of fecal elastase 1 assay in patients with pancreatic maldigestion or intestinal malabsorption: a collaborative study of the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Dig Dis Sci 2001, 46:1335\u20131342.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"39_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310000536","volume":"159","author":"J Walkowiak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walkowiak J: Faecal elastase-1: clinical value in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in children. Eur J Pediatr 2000, 159:869\u2013870.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"39_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200304000-00010","volume":"36","author":"J Walkowiak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walkowiak J, Nousia-Arvanitakis S, Agguridaki C, et al.: Longitudinal follow-up of exocrine pancreatic function in pancreatic sufficient cystic fibrosis patients using the fecal elastase-1 test. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003, 36:474\u2013478.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"39_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.124829","volume":"141","author":"S Beharry","year":"2002","unstructured":"Beharry S, Ellis L, Corey M, et al.: How useful is fecal pancreatic elastase 1 as a marker of exocrine pancreatic disease? J Pediatr 2002, 141:84\u201390.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"39_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.86.1.50","volume":"86","author":"MG Sch\u00e4ppi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4ppi MG, Smith VV, Cubitt D, et al.: Faecal elastase 1 concentration is a marker of duodenal enteropathy. Arch Dis Child 2002, 86:50\u201353. This study in a substantial number of children shows that small bowel enteropathy is associated with low fecal elastase concentrations, indicative of secondary but not primary exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"39_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199907000-00019","volume":"29","author":"S Nousia-Arvanitakis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nousia-Arvanitakis S, Karagiozoglou-Lamboudes T, Aggouridaki C, et al.: Influence of jejunal morphology changes on exocrine pancreatic function in celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999, 29:81\u201385.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"39_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200303000-00018","volume":"36","author":"S Salvatore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Salvatore S, Finazzi S, Barassi A, et al.: Low fecal elastase: potentially related to transient small bowel damage resulting from enteric pathogens. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003, 36:392\u2013396.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"39_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199701000-00013","volume":"24","author":"W Soldan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Soldan W, Henker J, Spr\u00f6ssig C: Sensitivity and specificity of quantitative determination of pancreatic elastase 1 in feces of children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997, 24:53\u201355.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"39_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1159\/000064713","volume":"2","author":"PG Lankisch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lankisch PG, Assmus C, Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels AB: Epidemiology of pancreatic diseases in L\u00fcneburg County: a study in a defined German population. Pancreatology 2002, 2:469\u2013477.","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"39_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199610000-00002","volume":"13","author":"ST Amann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amann ST, Bishop M, Curington C, Toskes PP: Fecal pancreatic elastase 1 is inaccurate in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. Pancreas 1996, 13:226\u2013230.","journal-title":"Pancreas"}],"container-title":["Current Gastroenterology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0039-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0039-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0039-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T00:03:33Z","timestamp":1628899413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0039-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["39"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-004-0039-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8037","1534-312X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8037","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-312X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}}}