{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T05:14:50Z","timestamp":1770182090393,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,19]],"date-time":"2011-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Gastroenterol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-011-0232-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,18]],"date-time":"2011-11-18T01:58:47Z","timestamp":1321581527000},"page":"55-62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Farnesoid X Receptor Agonists: What They Are and How They Might Be Used in Treating Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Brent A.","family":"Neuschwander-Tetri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"232_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.09.038","volume":"140","author":"CD Williams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williams CD, Stengel J, Asike MI, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among a largely middle-aged population utilizing ultrasound and liver biopsy: a prospective study. Gastroenterology. 2011;140:124\u201331.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"232_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.2","volume":"87","author":"M Arrese","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arrese M, Karpen SJ. Nuclear receptors, inflammation, and liver disease: insights for cholestatic and fatty liver diseases. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;87:473\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"232_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Wagner M, Zollner G, Trauner M: Nuclear receptors in liver disease. Hepatology 2011, 53:1023\u201334. An excellent update on the role of nuclear receptors in the liver.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24148"},{"key":"232_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Modica S, Gadaleta RM, Moschetta A: Deciphering the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR paradigm. Nucl Recept Signal 2010, 8:e005. Thorough and insightful review of FXR.","DOI":"10.1621\/nrs.08005"},{"key":"232_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23450","volume":"51","author":"AM Thomas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thomas AM, Hart SN, Kong B, et al. Genome-wide tissue-specific farnesoid X receptor binding in mouse liver and intestine. Hepatology. 2010;51:1410\u20139.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"232_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6007","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq397","volume":"38","author":"HK Chong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chong HK, Infante AM, Seo Y-K, et al. Genome-wide interrogation of hepatic FXR reveals an asymmetric IR-1 motif and synergy with LRH-1. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010;38:6007\u201317.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"232_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Cariou B: The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) as a new target in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Diabetes Metab 2008, 34:685\u2013691. Good review of the rationale for exploring the use of FXR ligands as a treatment for NASH.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1262-3636(08)74605-6"},{"key":"232_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.04.068","volume":"584","author":"IR Popescu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Popescu IR, Helleboid-Chapman A, Lucas A, et al. The nuclear receptor FXR is expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and protects human islets from lipotoxicity. FEBS Lett. 2010;584:2845\u201351.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"232_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e328324f87e","volume":"25","author":"S Fiorucci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fiorucci S, Baldelli F. Farnesoid X receptor agonists in biliary tract disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2009;25:252\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"232_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.026","volume":"178","author":"K Allen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Allen K, Jaeschke H, Copple BL. Bile acids induce inflammatory genes in hepatocytes: a novel mechanism of inflammation during obstructive cholestasis. Am J Pathol. 2011;178:175\u201386.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"232_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00062-3","volume":"102","author":"CJ Sinal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sinal CJ, Tohkin M, Miyata M, et al. Targeted disruption of the nuclear receptor FXR\/BAR impairs bile acid and lipid homeostasis. Cell. 2000;102:731\u201344.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"232_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006734107","volume":"108","author":"JR Swann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Swann JR, Want EJ, Geier FM, et al. Systemic gut microbial modulation of bile acid metabolism in host tissue compartments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108 Suppl 1:4523\u201330.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"232_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.151233","volume":"330","author":"R Kaimal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaimal R, Song X, Yan B, et al. Differential modulation of farnesoid X receptor signaling pathway by the thiazolidinediones. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009;330:125\u201334.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"232_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10023","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M808818200","volume":"284","author":"S Bhatnagar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bhatnagar S, Damron HA, Hillgartner FB. Fibroblast growth factor-19, a novel factor that inhibits hepatic fatty acid synthesis. J Biol Chem. 2009;284:10023\u201333.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"232_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14379","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907812106","volume":"106","author":"X Wu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wu X, Ge H, Lemon B, et al. Selective activation of FGFR4 by an FGF19 variant does not improve glucose metabolism in ob\/ob mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:14379\u201384.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"232_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700330-JLR200","volume":"48","author":"I Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim I, Ahn SH, Inagaki T, et al. Differential regulation of bile acid homeostasis by the farnesoid X receptor in liver and intestine. J Lipid Res. 2007;48:2664\u201372.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"232_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42846","volume":"121","author":"S Anakk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anakk S, Watanabe M, Ochsner SA, et al. Combined deletion of Fxr and Shp in mice induces Cyp17a1 and results in juvenile onset cholestasis. J Clin Invest. 2011;121:86\u201395.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"232_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1671","volume":"145","author":"L Fu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fu L, John LM, Adams SH, et al. Fibroblast growth factor 19 increases metabolic rate and reverses dietary and leptin-deficient diabetes. Endocrinology. 2004;145:2594\u2013603.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"232_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0367","volume":"145","author":"AM Strack","year":"2004","unstructured":"Strack AM, Myers RW. Modulation of metabolic syndrome by fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19)? Endocrinology. 2004;145:2591\u20133.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"232_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M800323-JLR200","volume":"50","author":"HB Hartman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hartman HB, Lai K, Evans MJ. Loss of small heterodimer partner expression in the liver protects against dyslipidemia. J Lipid Res. 2009;50:193\u2013203.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"232_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Kemper JK, Xiao Z, Ponugoti B, et al.: FXR acetylation is normally dynamically regulated by p300 and SIRT1 but constitutively elevated in metabolic disease states. Cell Metab 2009, 10:392\u2013404. Important paper examining what may be an underappreciated role of acetylation in modulating FXR function.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2009.09.009"},{"key":"232_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.06.001","volume":"13","author":"S Fiorucci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Donini A, et al. Targeting farnesoid X receptor for liver and metabolic disorders. Trends Mol Med. 2007;13:298\u2013309.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"232_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Lee J, Padhye A, Sharma A, et al.: A pathway involving farnesoid X receptor and small heterodimer partner positively regulates hepatic sirtuin 1 levels via microRNA-34a inhibition. J Biol Chem 2010, 285:12604\u201312611. Regulation of micro-RNA species may be an important new area for understanding how FXR regulates gene expression.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.094524"},{"key":"232_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-010-0164-9","volume":"13","author":"S Sookoian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sookoian S, Pirola CJ. Metabolic syndrome: from the genetics to the pathophysiology. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2011;13:149\u201357.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"key":"232_CR25","first-page":"389A","volume":"50","author":"AJ Sanyal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sanyal AJ, Mudaliar S, Henry RR, et al. A new therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes? INT-747-the first FXR hepatic therapeutic study (abstract). Hepatology. 2009;50:389A\u201390A.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"232_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000178994.21828.a7","volume":"25","author":"T Claudel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Claudel T, Staels B, Kuipers F. The farnesoid X receptor: a molecular link between bile acid and lipid and glucose metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25:2020\u201330.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"232_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3281338d08","volume":"18","author":"F Kuipers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuipers F, Stroeve JH, Caron S, Staels B. Bile acids, farnesoid X receptor, atherosclerosis and metabolic control. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2007;18:289\u201397.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"232_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22519","volume":"48","author":"YD Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang YD, Chen WD, Wang M, et al. Farnesoid X receptor antagonizes nuclear factor \u03baB in hepatic inflammatory response. Hepatology. 2008;48:1632\u201343.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"232_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1039\/b700706j","volume":"3","author":"DA Blasiole","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blasiole DA, Davis RA, Attie AD. The physiological and molecular regulation of lipoprotein assembly and secretion. Mol Biosyst. 2007;3:608\u201319.","journal-title":"Mol Biosyst"},{"key":"232_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23450","volume":"51","author":"A Thomas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thomas A. Genome-wide tissue-specific farnisoid X receptor binding in mouse liver and intestine. Hepatology. 2010;51:1410\u20139.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"232_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11039","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510258200","volume":"281","author":"B Cariou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cariou B, van Harmelen K, Duran-Sandoval D, et al. The farnesoid X receptor modulates adiposity and peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:11039\u201349.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"232_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI25604","volume":"116","author":"K Ma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ma K, Saha PK, Chan L, Moore DD. Farnesoid X receptor is essential for normal glucose homeostasis. J Clin Invest. 2006;116:1102\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"232_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2004.11.018","volume":"87","author":"D Duran-Sandoval","year":"2005","unstructured":"Duran-Sandoval D, Cariou B, Fruchart J-C, Staels B. Potential regulatory role of the farnesoid X receptor in the metabolic syndrome. Biochimie. 2005;87:93\u20138.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"232_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Anderson N, Borlak J: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets in steatosis and steatohepatitis. Pharmacol Rev 2008, 60:311\u2013357. Extensive review of the mechanisms of hepatic steatosis and non-triglyceride lipotoxicity as well as the intracellular processes leading to lipid droplet accumulation.","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.108.00001"},{"key":"232_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23458","volume":"51","author":"NM Bass","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bass NM. Lipidomic dissection of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: moving beyond foie gras to fat traffic. Hepatology. 2010;51:4\u20137.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"232_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23719","volume":"52","author":"BA Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Hepatic lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the central role of nontriglyceride fatty acid metabolites. Hepatology. 2010;52:774\u201388.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"232_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506982103","volume":"103","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Lee FY, Barrera G, et al. Activation of the nuclear receptor FXR improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:1006\u201311.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"232_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.023820","volume":"70","author":"G Rizzo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rizzo G, Disante M, Mencarelli A, et al. The farnesoid X receptor promotes adipocyte differentiation and regulates adipose cell function in vivo. Mol Pharmacol. 2006;70:1164\u201373.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"232_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.085597","volume":"315","author":"S Fiorucci","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Antonelli E, et al. Cross-talk between farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma contributes to the antifibrotic activity of FXR ligands in rodent models of liver cirrhosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005;315:58\u201368.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"232_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1517\/13543776.2010.496777","volume":"20","author":"ML Crawley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crawley ML. Farnesoid X receptor modulators: a patent review. Expert Opin. 2010;20:1047\u201357.","journal-title":"Expert Opin"},{"key":"232_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1159\/000282091","volume":"28","author":"M Trauner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Trauner M, Claudel T, Fickert P, et al. Bile acids as regulators of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. Dig Dis. 2010;28:220\u20134.","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"key":"232_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M001602","volume":"51","author":"S Cipriani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cipriani S, Mencarelli A, Palladino G, Fiorucci S. FXR activation reverses insulin resistance and lipid abnormalities and protects against liver steatosis in Zucker (fa\/fa) obese rats. J Lipid Res. 2010;51:771\u201384.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"232_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.144600","volume":"328","author":"B Kong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kong B, Luyendyk JP, Tawfik O, Guo GL. Farnesoid X receptor deficiency induces nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in low-density lipoprotein receptor-knockout mice fed a high-fat diet. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009;328:116\u201322.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"232_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21025","volume":"113","author":"M Watanabe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Houten SM, Wang L, et al. Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c. J Clin Invest. 2004;113:1408\u201318.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"232_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.21.1.193","volume":"21","author":"JK Reddy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reddy JK, Hashimoto T. Peroxisomal \u03b2-oxidation and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1: an adaptive metabolic system. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001;21:193\u2013230.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"232_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0120","volume":"17","author":"I Pineda Torra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pineda Torra I, Claudel T, Duval C, et al. Bile acids induce the expression of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha gene via activation of the farnesoid X receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2003;17:259\u201372.","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"232_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G440","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00322.2009","volume":"298","author":"TCMA Schreuder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schreuder TCMA, Marsman HA, Lenicek M, et al. The hepatic response to FGF19 is impaired in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;298:G440\u2013445.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"232_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.68.033104.152158","volume":"68","author":"NY Kalaany","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kalaany NY, Mangelsdorf DJ. LXRs and FXR: the yin and yang of cholesterol and fat metabolism. Annu Rev Physiol. 2006;68:159\u201391.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"232_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kowdley KV, Jones D, Luketic VA, et al.: An international study evaluating the farnesoid x receptor agonist obeticholic acid as monotherapy in PBC. J Hepatol 2011, 54 Suppl 1:S13.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(11)60030-5"},{"key":"232_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2007-0527","volume":"22","author":"YD Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang YD, Yang F, Chen WD, et al. Farnesoid X receptor protects liver cells from apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in vitro and fasting in vivo. Mol Endocrinol. 2008;22:1622\u201332.","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"232_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.084905","volume":"314","author":"S Fiorucci","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Antonelli E, et al. A farnesoid X receptor-small heterodimer partner regulatory cascade modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 and matrix metalloprotease expression in hepatic stellate cells and promotes resolution of liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005;314:584\u201395.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"232_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31792","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M503182200","volume":"280","author":"FY Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee FY, Kast-Woelbern HR, Chang J, et al. Alpha-crystallin is a target gene of the farnesoid X-activated receptor in human livers. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:31792\u2013800.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"232_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.090114","volume":"175","author":"P Fickert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fickert P, Fuchsbichler A, Moustafa T, et al. Farnesoid X receptor critically determines the fibrotic response in mice but is expressed to a low extent in human hepatic stellate cells and periductal myofibroblasts. Am J Pathol. 2009;175:2392\u2013405.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"232_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04330","volume":"439","author":"M Watanabe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Houten SM, Mataki C, et al. Bile acids induce energy expenditure by promoting intracellular thyroid hormone activation. Nature. 2006;439:484\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"232_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/439402a","volume":"439","author":"JD Baxter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baxter JD, Webb P. Metabolism: bile acids heat things up. Nature. 2006;439:402\u20133.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"232_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.2.206","volume":"48","author":"AJ Wigg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wigg AJ, Roberts-Thomson IC, Dymock RB, et al. The role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal permeability, endotoxaemia, and tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut. 2001;48:206\u201311.","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Current Gastroenterology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-011-0232-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11894-011-0232-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-011-0232-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,19]],"date-time":"2019-06-19T19:21:32Z","timestamp":1560972092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11894-011-0232-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,19]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-011-0232-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8037","1534-312X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8037","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-312X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,19]]}}}