{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:46:07Z","timestamp":1792194367667,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Gastroenterol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-018-0642-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T03:47:07Z","timestamp":1533095227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["The Esophageal Microbiome in Health and Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Brooke","family":"Corning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Copland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanetta W.","family":"Frye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"642_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000044","volume":"20","author":"L Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang L, Chaudhary N, Baghdadi J, Pei Z. Microbiome in reflux disorders and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Cancer J. 2014;20(3):207\u201310. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000044\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"642_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/s11938-018-0171-5","volume":"16","author":"M May","year":"2018","unstructured":"May M, Abrams JA. Emerging insights into the esophageal microbiome. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2018;16:72\u201385. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11938-018-0171-5\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"642_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13127","volume":"1381","author":"V Pilato Di","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Pilato V, Freschi G, Ringressi MN, Pallecchi L, Rossolini GM, Bechi P. The esophageal microbiota in health and disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2016;1381(1):21\u201333. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13127\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"642_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4250","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306398101","volume":"101","author":"Z Pei","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pei Z, Bini EJ, Yang L, Zhou M, Francois F, Blaser MJ. Bacterial biota in the human distal esophagus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(12):4250\u20135. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0306398101\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"642_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.046","volume":"137","author":"L Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Yang L, Lu X, Nossa CW, Francois F, Peek RM, Pei Z. Inflammation and intestinal metaplasia of the distal esophagus are associated with alterations in the microbiome. Gastroenterology. 2009;137(2):588\u201397. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.046\n                      \n                    . Published prior to 2011, but was a significant study outlining changes present in esophageal microbiome in normal patients and reflux disorders.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"642_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2012.01328.x","volume":"26","author":"E Norder Grusell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Norder Grusell E, Dahlen G, Ruth M, Ny L, Quiding-Jarbrink M, Bergquist H, et al. Bacterial flora of the human oral cavity, and the upper and lower esophagus. Dis Esophagus. 2013;26(1):84\u201390. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2012.01328.x\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"issue":"4","key":"642_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2014.08.001","volume":"34","author":"J Baghdadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baghdadi J, Chaudhary N, Pei Z, Yang L. Microbiome, innate immunity, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Lab Med. 2014;34(4):721\u201332. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2014.08.001\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"642_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42938","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042938","volume":"7","author":"SA Fillon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fillon SA, Harris JK, Wagner BD, Kelly CJ, Stevens MJ, Moore W, et al. Novel device to sample the esophageal microbiome\u2014the esophageal string test. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e42938. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0042938\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"642_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1086\/518578","volume":"45","author":"S Macfarlane","year":"2007","unstructured":"Macfarlane S, Furrie E, Macfarlane GT, Dillon JF. Microbial colonization of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with Barrett's esophagus. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(1):29\u201338. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/518578\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"46","key":"642_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7277","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v11.i46.7277","volume":"11","author":"Z Pei","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pei Z, Yang L, Peek RM Jr, Levine SM, Pride DT, Blaser MJ. Bacterial biota in reflux esophagitis and Barrett\u2019s esophagus. World J Gastroenterol. 2005;11(46):7277\u201383.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"642_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-130","volume":"13","author":"N Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu N, Ando T, Ishiguro K, Maeda O, Watanabe O, Funasaka K, et al. Characterization of bacterial biota in the distal esophagus of Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis and Barrett\u2019s esophagus. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:130. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-130\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"642_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12317","volume":"37","author":"KL Blackett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blackett KL, Siddhi SS, Cleary S, Steed H, Miller MH, Macfarlane S, et al. Oesophageal bacterial biofilm changes in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, Barrett\u2019s and oesophageal carcinoma: association or causality? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;37(11):1084\u201392. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apt.12317\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"642_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12285","volume":"16","author":"I Amir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amir I, Konikoff FM, Oppenheim M, Gophna U, Half EE. Gastric microbiota is altered in oesophagitis and Barrett\u2019s oesophagus and further modified by proton pump inhibitors. Environ Microbiol. 2014;16(9):2905\u201314. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.12285\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"642_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30177-7","volume":"2","author":"JA Abrams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abrams JA. The microbiome as a potential biomarker for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(1):4\u20136. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2468-1253(16)30177-7\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"642_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2004.tb02488.x","volume":"95","author":"M Narikiyo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Narikiyo M, Tanabe C, Yamada Y, Igaki H, Tachimori Y, Kato H, et al. Frequent and preferential infection of Treponema denticola, Streptococcus mitis, and Streptococcus anginosus in esophageal cancers. Cancer Sci. 2004;95(7):569\u201374.","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"642_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30086-3","volume":"2","author":"DRF Elliott","year":"2017","unstructured":"Elliott DRF, Walker AW, O'Donovan M, Parkhill J, Fitzgerald RC. A non-endoscopic device to sample the oesophageal microbiota: a case-control study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(1):32\u201342. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30086-3\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"642_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0855","volume":"23","author":"G Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu G, Gail MH, Shi J, Klepac-Ceraj V, Paster BJ, Dye BA, et al. Association between upper digestive tract microbiota and cancer-predisposing states in the esophagus and stomach. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2014;23(5):735\u201341. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-0855\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev"},{"issue":"8","key":"642_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4155-9","volume":"61","author":"EJ Snider","year":"2016","unstructured":"Snider EJ, Freedberg DE, Abrams JA. Potential role of the microbiome in Barrett\u2019s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 2016;61(8):2217\u201325. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-016-4155-9\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"14","key":"642_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5279","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1303297110","volume":"110","author":"KS Hingorani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hingorani KS, Gierasch LM. How bacteria survive an acid trip. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(14):5279\u201380. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1303297110\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"642_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.09.007","volume":"16","author":"G Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang G, Meredith TC, Kahne D. On the essentiality of lipopolysaccharide to Gram-negative bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013;16(6):779\u201385. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mib.2013.09.007\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"642_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-0934","volume":"18","author":"L Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang L, Francois F, Pei Z. Molecular pathways: pathogenesis and clinical implications of microbiome alteration in esophagitis and Barrett esophagus. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(8):2138\u201344. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-0934\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"642_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.06.026","volume":"151","author":"ES Dellon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dellon ES. The esophageal microbiome in eosinophilic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 2016;151(2):364\u20135. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.06.026\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"642_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128346","volume":"10","author":"JK Harris","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Harris JK, Fang R, Wagner BD, Choe HN, Kelly CJ, Schroeder S, et al. Esophageal microbiome in eosinophilic esophagitis. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0128346. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0128346\n                      \n                    . Outlined use of novel technique (esophageal string test) as a possible minimally invasive technique to evaluate esophageal microbiome in adults and children with EoE.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"23","key":"642_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-015-0085-6","volume":"3","author":"AJ Benitez","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Benitez AJ, Hoffmann C, Muir AB, Dods KK, Spergel JM, Bushman FD, et al. Inflammation-associated microbiota in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis. Microbiome. 2015;3(23):23. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-015-0085-6\n                      \n                    . Evaluated changes in esophageal microbiome in healthy controls and pediatric EoE patients.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"2","key":"642_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-006-0066-y","volume":"11","author":"D Pajecki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pajecki D, Zilberstein B, Cecconello I, Dos Santos MA, Yagi OK, Gama-Rodrigues JJ. Larger amounts of nitrite and nitrate-reducing bacteria in megaesophagus of Chagas\u2019 disease than in controls. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11(2):199\u2013203. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11605-006-0066-y\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"642_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(02)00028-8","volume":"6","author":"D Pajecki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pajecki D, Zilberstein B, dos Santos MA, Ubriaco JA, Quintanilha AG, Cecconello I, et al. Megaesophagus microbiota: a qualitative and quantitative analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2002;6(5):723\u20139.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"642_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000780","volume":"51","author":"A Pressman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pressman A, Etiology BJ. Pathogenesis of idiopathic achalasia. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017;51(3):195\u2013202. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000780\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"642_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2014.08.008","volume":"34","author":"DE Freedberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freedberg DE, Lebwohl B, Abrams JA. The impact of proton pump inhibitors on the human gastrointestinal microbiome. Clin Lab Med. 2014;34(4):771\u201385. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2014.08.008\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"642_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(17)32241-2","volume":"152","author":"YR Nobel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nobel YR, Snider EJ, Compres G, Freedberg DE, Toussaint NC, Abrams JA. Dietary fiber intake is associated with a significantly altered human esophageal microbiome. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(5):S632. \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0016-5085(17)32241-2\n                      \n                    .","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Current Gastroenterology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11894-018-0642-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-018-0642-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-018-0642-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T20:17:21Z","timestamp":1564604241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11894-018-0642-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["642"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-018-0642-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8037","1534-312X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8037","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-312X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"39"}}