{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:59:15Z","timestamp":1790819955745,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Gastroenterol Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review details the pathophysiologic mechanisms from medical, surgical to psychosocial factors that illustrate how and why sexual health and intimacy are impacted in IBD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent clinical surveys of practicing gastroenterologists document that clinicians should routinely address sexual health when addressing patient reported outcomes but very few actually make direct inquiry or suggest management into this important aspect of human life. Example \u2018patter\u2019 are suggested to clinicians to demonstrate how to introduce the subject of sexual intimacy and well-being and engender patient trust on this sensitive topic. Once specific symptomatology are elicited, then a review follows on how\u00a0referral to a cadre of available multidisciplinary specialists can help directly manage the patient\u2019s concerns. Specific emphasis on addressing the sexual health in ostomate and sexual and gender minority populations is focused upon as well.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, this in depth review highlights a practical clinical approach to understanding how to address sexual wellbeing and human intimacy in IBD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-024-00956-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T21:07:50Z","timestamp":1736370470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Addressing Factors that Impact Sexual Well-Being and Intimacy in IBD Patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Elias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neilanjan","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Fourie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kira L.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"956_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-021-03958-y","volume":"36","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wei S, Zeng Q, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2021;36:2027\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-021-03958-y","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"956_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.01.018","volume":"7","author":"SR Knowles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Knowles SR, Gass C, Macrae F. Illness perceptions in IBD influence psychological status, sexual health and satisfaction, body image and relational functioning: A preliminary exploration using Structural Equation Modeling. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7:e344\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crohns.2013.01.018","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"956_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen B, Zhou B, Song G, Li H, Li R, Liu Z, Wei C, Wang T, Wang S, Ma D, Liu J, Yuan X, Liu X. Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with worse sexual function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Androl Urol. 2022Jul;11(7):959\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau-22-190","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-22-190"},{"key":"956_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oveisi N, Khan Z, Brotto LA. A qualitative study of sexual health and function of females with pelvic cancer. Sexual Medicine. 2023;11(2):qfac002.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sexmed\/qfac002","DOI":"10.1093\/sexmed\/qfac002"},{"issue":"2","key":"956_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx053","volume":"24","author":"A O'Toole","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Toole A, de Silva PS, Marc LG, Ulysse CA, Testa MA, Ting A, Moss A, Korzenik J, Friedman S. Sexual Dysfunction in Men With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A New IBD-Specific Scale. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018Jan 18;24(2):310\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izx053","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"956_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1016\/s0090-4295(97)00238-0","volume":"49","author":"RC Rosen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997Jun;49(6):822\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0090-4295(97)00238-0","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"956_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cappelleri JC, Siegel RL, Glasser DB, Osterloh IH, Rosen RC. Relationship between patient self-assessment of erectile dysfunction and the sexual health inventory for men. Clin Ther. 2001 Oct;23(10):1707\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0149-2918(01)80138-7","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-2918(01)80138-7"},{"issue":"5","key":"956_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80304-5","volume":"46","author":"MP O'Leary","year":"1995","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary MP, Fowler FJ, Lenderking WR, Barber B, Sagnier PP, Guess HA, Barry MJ. A brief male sexual function inventory for urology. Urology. 1995Nov;46(5):697\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80304-5","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"11","key":"956_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izy202","volume":"24","author":"PS de Silva","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Silva PS, O\u2019Toole A, Marc LG, Ulysse CA, Testa MA, Julsgaard M, Ngyuen D, Ananthakrishnan A, Laursen T, H\u00f8jgaard A, Christensen LA, Korzenik J, Friedman S. Development of a Sexual Dysfunction Scale for Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018Oct 12;24(11):2350\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izy202","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"956_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/009262300278597","volume":"26","author":"R Rosen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rosen R, Brown C, Heiman J, Leiblum S, Meston C, Shabsigh R, et al. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI): A multidimensional self-report instrument for the assessment of female sexual function. J Sex Marital Ther. 2000;26:191\u2013208","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"956_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541816","volume":"23","author":"JF Taylor","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taylor JF, Rosen RC, Leiblum SR. Self-report assessment of female sexual function: psychometric evaluation of the Brief Index of Sexual Functioning for Women. Arch Sex Behav. 1994Dec;23(6):627\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01541816","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"956_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1089\/152460902753668475","volume":"11","author":"FH Quirk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Quirk FH, Heiman JR, Rose RC, Laan E, Smith MD, Boolell M. Development of a Sexual Function Questionnaire for Clinical Trials of Female Sexual Dysfunction. J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2002;11(3):277\u201389.","journal-title":"J Womens Health Gend Based Med"},{"key":"956_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bel LG, Vollebregt AM, Van der Meulen\u2010de Jong AE, Fidder HH, Ten Hove WR, Vliet\u2010Vlieland CW, Ter Kuile MM, de Groot HE, Both S. Sexual dysfunctions in men and women with inflammatory bowel disease: the influence of IBD-related clinical factors and depression on sexual function. J Sex Med. 2015;12(7):1557-67.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12913","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12913"},{"key":"956_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boudiaf R, Bouchard D, Rivi\u00e8re P, Brochard C, Laharie D, Abramowitz L, Pigot F; GREP members 1(Groupe de Recherche en Proctologie). Assessment of sexual dysfunction in patients with perianal Crohn's disease. Colorectal Dis. 2021 Jan;23(1):114\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/codi.15375","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15375"},{"key":"956_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fourie S, Jackson D, Czuber-Dochan W, Norton C. A decade of waiting: experiences of women living with vulvar crohn's disease and interactions with healthcare professionals related to their sexual well-being: a qualitative study. Crohns Colitis 360. 2023 May 12;5(3):otad025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/crocol\/otad025","DOI":"10.1093\/crocol\/otad025"},{"issue":"3","key":"956_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2018.04.23","volume":"7","author":"JM Armstrong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Armstrong JM, Avant RA, Charchenko CM, Westerman ME, Ziegelmann MJ, Miest TS, Trost LW. Impact of anabolic androgenic steroids on sexual function. Transl Androl Urol. 2018Jun;7(3):483\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau.2018.04.23","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"key":"956_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Farhan MA, Moharram AM, Salah T, Shaaban OM. Types of yeasts that cause vulvovaginal candidiasis in chronic users of corticosteroids. Medical mycology. 2019 Aug 1;57(6):681-7.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myy117","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy117"},{"issue":"2","key":"956_CR18","first-page":"150","volume":"17","author":"O Kanar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanar O, Berry AC, Nakshabendi R, Lee AJ, Aldridge P, Myers T, Eid E. Effects of immunomodulators and biologic agents on sexual health in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ochsner J. 2017;17(2):150\u20136.","journal-title":"Ochsner J."},{"issue":"4","key":"956_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.9740\/mhc.2016.07.191","volume":"6","author":"E Jing","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jing E, Straw-Wilson K. Sexual dysfunction in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and potential solutions: A narrative literature review. Ment Health Clin. 2016Jun 29;6(4):191\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9740\/mhc.2016.07.191","journal-title":"Ment Health Clin"},{"key":"956_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vuong C, Van Uum SH, O'Dell LE, Lutfy K, Friedman TC. The effects of opioids and opioid analogs on animal and human endocrine systems. Endocrine reviews. 2010 Feb 1;31(1):98-132.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2009-0009","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0009"},{"issue":"9","key":"956_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310004687","volume":"38","author":"E Carlsson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carlsson E, Bosaeus I, Nordgren S. What concerns subjects with inflammatory bowel disease and an ileostomy? Scand J Gastroenterol. 2003Sep;38(9):978\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365520310004687","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"956_CR22","first-page":"48","volume":"232","author":"FJ Slors","year":"2000","unstructured":"Slors FJ, van Zuijlen PP, van Dijk GJ. Sexual and bladder dysfunction after total mesorectal excision for benign diseases. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 2000;232:48\u201351","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"issue":"7","key":"956_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-008-9248-x","volume":"51","author":"RJ Davies","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davies RJ, O\u2019Connor BI, Victor C, MacRae HM, Cohen Z, McLeod RS. A prospective evaluation of sexual function and quality of life after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008Jul;51(7):1032\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-008-9248-x","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"956_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0014.5408","volume":"93","author":"P Kluska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kluska P, Dzika-Andrysiak K, Mik M, et al. Sexual activity in patients after proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Pol Przegl Chir. 2021;93(1):19\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5604\/01.3001.0014.5408","journal-title":"Pol Przegl Chir"},{"issue":"7","key":"956_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12913","volume":"12","author":"LG Bel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bel LG, Vollebregt AM, Van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Fidder HH, Ten Hove WR, Vliet-Vlieland CW, Ter Kuile MM, de Groot HE, Both S. Sexual Dysfunctions in Men and Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Influence of IBD-Related Clinical Factors and Depression on Sexual Function. J Sex Med. 2015Jul;12(7):1557\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jsm.12913","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"956_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13018","volume":"16","author":"S Ayaz-Alkaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ayaz-Alkaya S. Overview of psychosocial problems in individuals with stoma: A review of literature. Int Wound J. 2019;16:243\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iwj.13018","journal-title":"Int Wound J"},{"key":"956_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peluffo G, Calcerrada P, Piacenza L, Pizzano N, Radi R. Superoxide-mediated inactivation of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite formation by tobacco smoke in vascular endothelium: studies in cultured cells and smokers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Jun;296(6):H1781\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00930.2008","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00930.2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"956_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2021.01.003","volume":"10","author":"J Pincus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pincus J, Sandoval V, Dick B, Sanekommu G, Rajasekaran R, Ramasamy R, Raheem O. E-Cigarette-Associated Endothelial Damage: A Potential Mechanism for Erectile Dysfunction. Sex Med Rev. 2022Jan;10(1):168\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sxmr.2021.01.003","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"key":"956_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reese JB, Finan PH, Haythornthwaite JA, Kadan M, Regan KR, Herman JM, Efron J, Diaz LA Jr, Azad NS. Gastrointestinal ostomies and sexual outcomes: a comparison of colorectal cancer patients by ostomy status. Support Care Cancer. 2014 Feb;22(2):461\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-013-1998-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-013-1998-x"},{"issue":"11","key":"956_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e3182690870","volume":"55","author":"K Kuruvilla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuruvilla K, Osler T, Hyman NH. A comparison of the quality of life of ulcerative colitis patients after IPAA vs ileostomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012Nov;55(11):1131\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DCR.0b013e3182690870","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"5","key":"956_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9050520","volume":"9","author":"MT Garc\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Rodr\u00edguez MT, Barreiro-Trillo A, Seijo-Bestilleiro R, Gonz\u00e1lez-Martin C. Sexual Dysfunction in Ostomized Patients: A Systematized Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2021Apr 29;9(5):520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9050520","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"956_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6287-9","volume":"45","author":"I Lindsey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lindsey I, George B, Kettlewell M, Mortensen N. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sildenafil (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction after rectal excision for cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002Jun;45(6):727\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10350-004-6287-9","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"956_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14040286","volume":"14","author":"F Giuliano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giuliano F, Denys P, Joussain C. Effectiveness and Safety of Intracavernosal IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin\u00ae) 100 U as an Add-on Therapy to Standard Pharmacological Treatment for Difficult-to-Treat Erectile Dysfunction: A Case Series. Toxins (Basel). 2022Apr 16;14(4):286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14040286","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"956_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.11.004","volume":"7","author":"C Norton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Norton C, Dibley LB, Bassett P. Faecal incontinence in inflammatory bowel disease: Associations and effect on quality of life. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(8):e302\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crohns.2012.11.004","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"956_CR35","unstructured":"NIH Sexual and Gender Minority Research Office; https:\/\/dpcpsi.nih.gov\/sgmro#:~:text=Sexual%20and%20gender%20minority%20(SGM)%20populations%20include%2C%20but%20are,sex%20development%20are%20also%20included.\u00a0Accessed 16 Aug 2024"},{"key":"956_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dibley L, et al. Experiences of gay and lesbian people with inflammatory bowel disease: a mixed methods study. Kings College of London, Gastrointestinal Nursing. 12(6);19\u201330.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/gasn.2014.12.6.19","DOI":"10.12968\/gasn.2014.12.6.19"},{"key":"956_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eglinton, Tim W. F.R.A.C.S.1,2; Barclay, Murray L. F.R.A.C.P., Ph.D.; Gearry, Richard B. F.R.A.C.P., Ph.D.; Frizelle, Frank A. F.R.A.C.S., M.Med.Sci. The spectrum of perianal crohn\u2019s disease in a population-based cohort. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 55(7):p 733\u2013777, July 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31825228b0","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31825228b0"},{"issue":"1","key":"956_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6809","volume":"97","author":"MA da Luz","year":"2010","unstructured":"da Luz MA, Kiran RP, Lavery I. Clinical outcomes of ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Br J Surg. 2010Jan;97(1):65\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.6809","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"956_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2019.18676","volume":"30","author":"A Gklavas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gklavas A, Kyprianou C, Exarchos G, Metaxa L, Dellis A, Papaconstantinou I. Sexual function after proctectomy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective study. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2019Nov;30(11):943\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tjg.2019.18676","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"956_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73737-2","volume":"10","author":"ME Stellingwerf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stellingwerf ME, Bak MTJ, de Groof EJ, Buskens CJ, Molenaar CBH, Gecse KB, Nerkens W, Horeman T, Bemelman WA. Knotless seton for perianal fistulas: feasibility and effect on perianal disease activity. Sci Rep. 2020Oct 7;10(1):16693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-73737-2(Erratum.In:SciRep.2021Apr19;11(1):8820.doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-88353-x).","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"956_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdad011","volume":"20","author":"M Siira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siira M, Getahun D, Silverberg MJ, Tangpricha V, Goodman M, Yeung H. Satisfaction with current hormone therapy and goals of additional gender-affirming care in transgender adults. J Sex Med. 2023Mar 31;20(4):568\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdad011","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"956_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lin, Austin MD; Davison, Jenna MD, MPH; Pothula, Shravya MD3; Field, Justin MD4; Newman, Kira L. MD, PhD1; Horst, Sara N. MD5; Click, Benjamin MD3; Chedid, Victor MD, MS2; Bennett, Audrey MD6,*.\u00a0S1047\u2003impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender and gender non-conforming patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 119(10S):p S734, October 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/01.ajg.0001033556.49989.ca","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0001033556.49989.ca"},{"issue":"4","key":"956_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.5549","volume":"152","author":"JU Berli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berli JU, Knudson G, Fraser L, et al. What Surgeons Need to Know About Gender Confirmation Surgery When Providing Care for Transgender Individuals. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(4):394\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.5549","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"956_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Clifford GM, Georges D, Shiels MS, Engels EA, Albuquerque A, Poynten IM, de Pokomandy A, Easson AM, Stier EA. A meta-analysis of anal cancer incidence by risk group: Toward a unified anal cancer risk scale. Int J Cancer. 2021 Jan 1;148(1):38\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijc.33185","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33185"},{"issue":"10","key":"956_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34850","volume":"154","author":"EA Stier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stier EA, Clarke MA, Deshmukh AA, Wentzensen N, Liu Y, Poynten IM, Cavallari EN, Fink V, Barroso LF, Clifford GM, Cuming T. International Anal Neoplasia Society\u2019s consensus guidelines for anal cancer screening. Int J Cancer. 2024May 15;154(10):1694\u2013702.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"956_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01582.x","volume":"103","author":"S Kane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kane S, Khatibi B, Reddy D. Higher incidence of abnormal Pap smears in women with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008Mar;103(3):631\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01582.x","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"956_CR47","unstructured":"CDC HPV Vaccination Recommendations. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/vpd\/hpv\/hcp\/recommendations.html.\u00a0Accessed 16 Aug 2024"},{"key":"956_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Flynn KE, Lin L, Bruner DW, Cyranowski JM, Hahn EA, Jeffery DD, Reese JB, Reeve BB, Shelby RA, Weinfurt KP. Sexual Satisfaction and the importance of sexual health to quality of life throughout the life course of U.S. adults. J Sex Med. 2016 Nov;13(11):1642\u20131650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.08.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.08.011"},{"key":"956_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roseira J, Magro F, Fernandes S, Sim\u00f5es C, Portela F, Vieira AI, Patita M, Leal C, Lago P, Caldeira P, Gago T,\u00a0Currais P, Dias CC, Santiago M, Dias S. Tavares de Sousa, H. Sexual quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter, national-level study. Inflamm Bowel Diseases.\u00a02020;26(5):746-55.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ibd\/izz185","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz185"},{"issue":"10","key":"956_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw078","volume":"10","author":"CP Selinger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Selinger CP, Ghorayeb J, Madill A. What Factors Might Drive Voluntary Childlessness (VC) in Women with IBD? Does IBD-specific Pregnancy-related Knowledge Matter? J Crohns Colitis. 2016Oct;10(10):1151\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjw078","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"}],"container-title":["Current Gastroenterology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-024-00956-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11894-024-00956-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11894-024-00956-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T11:04:23Z","timestamp":1772535863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11894-024-00956-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11894-024-00956-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8037","1534-312X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8037","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-312X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interest"}}],"article-number":"10"}}