{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T18:31:37Z","timestamp":1794335497448,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Heart Fail Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-025-00721-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T07:38:25Z","timestamp":1761291505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Management of Pulmonary Hypertension in Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ariel M.","family":"McKenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha M.","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harrison W.","family":"Farber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie M.","family":"Hon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"721_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401324DOI","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01324-2024","volume":"64","author":"G Kovacs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kovacs G, Bartolome S, Denton CP, et al. Definition, classification and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2024;64:2401324DOI. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01324-2024.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801913","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01913-2018","volume":"53","author":"G Simonneau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Simonneau G, Montani D, Celermajer DS, Denton CP, Gatzoulis MA, Krowka M, et al. Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(1):1801913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01913-2018.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"38","key":"721_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac237","volume":"43","author":"M Humbert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Humbert M, Kovacs G, Hoeper MM, et al. ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(38):3618\u2013731.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"721_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3001.093437","volume":"104","author":"SC Siu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Siu SC, Sermer M, Colman JM, Alvarez AN, Mercier LA, Morton BC, et al. Prospective multicenter study of pregnancy outcomes in women with heart disease. Circulation. 2001;104:515\u201321.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"721_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2014.03.002","volume":"28","author":"L Swan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Swan L. Congenital heart disease in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;28:495\u2013506.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"721_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-012-0105-9","volume":"9","author":"JD Rutherford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rutherford JD. Heart failure in pregnancy. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2012;9:277\u201381.","journal-title":"Curr Heart Fail Rep"},{"key":"721_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, et al. ESC Scientific document group, 2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy: the task force for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(34): 3165\u20133241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR8","first-page":"7","volume":"39","author":"G Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma G, Ying W, Silversides CK. The importance of cardiovascular risk assessment and pregnancy heart team in the management of cardiovascular disease in pregnancy. Cardiol Clin. 2021;39(1):7\u201319.","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"key":"721_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401180DOI","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01180-2024","volume":"64","author":"IR Preston","year":"2024","unstructured":"Preston IR, Howard LS, Langleben D, et al. Management of pulmonary hypertension in special conditions. Eur Respir J. 2024;64:2401180DOI. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01180-2024.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2020.10.006","volume":"42","author":"I Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh I, Horn E, Haythe J. Pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy. Clin Chest Med. 2021;42(1):91\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.5830\/CVJA-2016-021","volume":"27","author":"P Soma-Pillay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soma-Pillay P, Nelson-Piercy C, Tolppanen H, Mebazaa A. Physiological changes in pregnancy. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2016;27(2):89\u201394.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc J Afr"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"721_CR12","first-page":"669","volume":"97","author":"IM Bernstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernstein IM, Ziegler W, Badger GJ. Plasma volume expansion in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97(5 Pt 1):669\u201372.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"721_CR13","first-page":"473","volume":"34","author":"J Svetlichnaya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Svetlichnaya J, Janmohammed M, De Marco T. Special situations in pulmonary hypertension: pregnancy and right ventricular failure. Cardiol Clin. 2016;34(3):473\u201387.","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"issue":"12 Suppl","key":"721_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199412011-00001","volume":"49","author":"JJ Duvekot","year":"1994","unstructured":"Duvekot JJ, Peeters LL. Maternal cardiovascular hemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1994;49(12 Suppl):S1\u201314.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"3","key":"721_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1086\/682230","volume":"5","author":"AR Hemnes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hemnes AR, Kiely DG, Cockrill BA, et al. Statement on pregnancy in pulmonary hypertension from the Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute. Pulm Circ. 2015;5(3):435\u201365.","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1159\/000194683","volume":"46","author":"SM Liberatore","year":"1984","unstructured":"Liberatore SM, Pistelli R, Patalano F, Moneta E, Incalzi RA. Ciappi G respiratory function during pregnancy. Respiration. 1984;46(2):145\u201350.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0800113","volume":"80","author":"SC Robson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Robson SC, Hunter S, Boys RJ, Dunlop W. Serial changes in pulmonary hemodynamics during human pregnancy: a noninvasive study using doppler echocardiography. Clin Sci (Lond). 1991;80(2):113\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2010.10.006","volume":"32","author":"CR Lane","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lane CR, Trow TK. Pregnancy and pulmonary hypertension. Clin Chest Med. 2011;32(1):165\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"721_CR19","first-page":"196","volume":"9","author":"Y Daraz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daraz Y, Murthy S, Wolfe D. Pregnancy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a multidisciplinary approach. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2022;9(6):196.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"721_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4625","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054625","volume":"20","author":"K Bara\u0144ska-Pawe\u0142czak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bara\u0144ska-Pawe\u0142czak K, Wojciechowska C, Jache\u0107 W. Pregnancy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in light of new ESC guidelines on pulmonary hypertension. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(5):4625.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"721_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2021.00458","volume":"36","author":"V Phoophiboon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phoophiboon V, Pachinburavan M, Ruamsap N, Sanguanwong N, Jaimchariyatam N. Critical care management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in pregnancy: the pre-, peri- and post-partum stages. Acute Crit Care. 2021;36:286\u201393.","journal-title":"Acute Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2008.10.006","volume":"18","author":"BP Madden","year":"2009","unstructured":"Madden BP. Pulmonary hypertension and pregnancy. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2009;18(2):156\u201364.","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"12","key":"721_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009029","volume":"130","author":"M Sanghavi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sanghavi M, Rutherford JD. Cardiovascular physiology of pregnancy. Circulation. 2014;130(12):1003\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009029.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9","key":"721_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.594","volume":"18","author":"K Sliwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sliwa K, van Hagen IM, Budts W, et al. Pulmonary hypertension and pregnancy outcomes: data from the registry of pregnancy and cardiac disease (ROPAC) of the European society of cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(9):1119\u201328.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"7","key":"721_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00162-4","volume":"31","author":"BM Weiss","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weiss BM, Zemp L, Seifert B, Hess OM. Outcome of pulmonary vascular disease in pregnancy: a systematic overview from 1978 through 1996. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31(7):1650\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"721_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.5152\/AnatolJCardiol.2022.1762","volume":"26","author":"HC Tokg\u00f6z","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tokg\u00f6z HC, Akbal \u00d6Y, Karag\u00f6z A, et al. Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a single-center experience and review of current literature. Anatol J Cardiol. 2022;26(12):902\u201313.","journal-title":"Anatol J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/20458940211013671","volume":"11","author":"TT Low","year":"2021","unstructured":"Low TT, Guron N, Ducas R, Yamamura K, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in pregnancy- a systematic review of outcomes in the modern era. Pulm Circ. 2021;11(2):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"key":"721_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.14697","volume":"46","author":"MA Kampman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kampman MA, Bilardo CM, Mulder BJ, Aarnoudse JG, Ris-Stalpers C, van Veldhuisen DJ, Pieper PG. Maternal cardiac function, uteroplacental doppler flow parameters and pregnancy outcome: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;46:21\u20138.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"721_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv317","volume":"37","author":"N Gali\u00e8","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gali\u00e8 N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, et al. 2015 ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the joint task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the European society of cardiology (ESC) and the European respiratory society (ERS): endorsed by: association for European paediatric and congenital cardiology (AEPC), international society for heart AndLung transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2016;37:67. \u2013119.16.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"142","key":"721_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0079-2016","volume":"25","author":"KM Olsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Olsson KM, Channick R. Pregnancy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir Rev. 2016;25(142):431\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"721_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.057987","volume":"147","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Zhu F, Shi G, Hu C, Zhang W, Huang P, et al. Maternal outcomes among pregnant women with congenital heart disease\u2013associated pulmonary hypertension. Circulation. 2023;147(7):549\u201361.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13665-021-00275-1","volume":"10","author":"S Krishnan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krishnan S, Fricke EM, Cordoba M, Chalifoux LA, Girgis RE. Pulmonary hypertension complicating pregnancy. Curr Pulmonol Rep. 2021;10(2):71\u201383.","journal-title":"Curr Pulmonol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"721_CR33","first-page":"204589401878525","volume":"10","author":"W Hill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hill W, Holy R, Traiger G. EXPRESS: intimacy, contraception, and pregnancy prevention in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: are we counseling our patients? Pulm Circ. 2018;10(4):2045894018785259.","journal-title":"Pulm Circ"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000911","volume":"126","author":"KJ Lindley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lindley KJ, Madden T, Cahill AG, Ludbrook PA, Billadello JJ. Contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy in women with congenital heart disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126(2):363\u20139.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100087","volume":"2","author":"SR Aryal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aryal SR, Moussa H, Sinkey R, Dhungana R, Tallaj JA, Pamboukian SV, et al. Management of reproductive health in patients with pulmonary hypertension. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM. 2020;2(2):100087.","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM"},{"issue":"8","key":"721_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd9080260","volume":"9","author":"J Coursen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coursen J, Simpson CE, Mukherjee M, Vaught AJ, Kutty S, Al-Talib TK, et al. Pregnancy considerations in the multidisciplinary care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2022 ;9(8):260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcdd9080260","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Dev Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"721_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1610734","volume":"34","author":"EK Clennon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clennon EK, Pare E, Amato P, Caughey AB. Use of gestational surrogates for women with Eisenmenger syndrome: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2021;34(4):526\u201331.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"721_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.12.021","volume":"81","author":"E Metzler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Metzler E, Ginsburg E, Tsen LC. Use of assisted reproductive technologies and anesthesia in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension. Fertil Steril. 2004;81(6):1684\u20137.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"721_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-011-9697-3","volume":"29","author":"VD Sioulas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sioulas VD, Gracia CR. Ovarian stimulation and embryo banking for fertility preservation in a woman with severe mixed connective tissue disease: is it safe? J Assist Reprod Genet. 2012;29(3):271\u20135.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"721_CR40","unstructured":"Administration FaD. Highlights of prescribing information, ambrisentan. Food and Drug Administration; 2018. Available from: http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2018\/022081s040lbl.pdf"},{"key":"721_CR41","unstructured":"Administration FaD. Highlights of prescribing information, opsumit (macitentan). Food and Drug Administration; 2019. Available from: http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2019\/204410s017lbl.pdf"},{"key":"721_CR42","unstructured":"Administration FaD. Highlights of prescribing information, tracleer (bosentan). Food and Drug Administration; 2017. Available from: http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2017\/209279s000lbl.pdf"},{"key":"721_CR43","unstructured":"Administration FaD. Highlights of prescribing information, adempas (riociguat). Food and Drug Administration; 2017. Available from: http:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2017\/204819s006lbl.pdf"},{"key":"721_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811207","author":"FR De Bie","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Bie FR, Basurto D, Kumar S, Deprest J, Russo FM. Sildenafil during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy: trials and tribulations. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(18):11207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191811207","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"721_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000287638","volume":"115","author":"S Goland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goland S, Tsai F, Habib M, Janmohamed M, Goodwin TM, Elkayam U. Favorable outcome of pregnancy with an elective use of Epoprostenol and sildenafil in women with severe pulmonary hypertension. Cardiology. 2010;115(3):205\u20138.","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1753495X13514403","volume":"7","author":"RS Cartago","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cartago RS, Alan PA, Benedicto J. Pregnancy outcomes in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger syndrome treated with sildenafil monotherapy. Obstet Med. 2014;7(1):40\u20132.","journal-title":"Obstet Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"721_CR47","first-page":"e0928","volume":"5","author":"EE Naoum","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naoum EE, LaVita C, Lopez N, Nardone A, Soffer MD, Shelton KT. Epoprostenol exposure during pregnancy. Crit Care Explor. 2023;5(6):e0928.","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"issue":"5","key":"721_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602013340504","volume":"334","author":"RJ Barst","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, McGoon MD, Rich S, Badesch DB, et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(5):296\u2013301.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00128504","volume":"26","author":"CA Elliot","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elliot CA, Stewart P, Webster VJ, Mills GH, Hutchinson SP, Howarth ES, et al. The use of Iloprost in early pregnancy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2005;26(1):168\u201373.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"721_CR50","unstructured":"Connect JaJM. UPTRAVI- Use during pregnancy and effect on fertility. Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.jnjmedicalconnect.com\/products\/uptravi\/medical-content\/uptravi-selexipag-use-during-pregnancy-and-effect-on-fertility#references-content"},{"issue":"16","key":"721_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213558","volume":"388","author":"MM Hoeper","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoeper MM, Badesch DB, Ghofrani HA, Gibbs JSR, Gomberg-Maitland M, McLaughlin VV, et al. Phase 3 trial of Sotatercept for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(16):1478\u201390.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"721_CR52","unstructured":"Administration FaD. Highlights of prescribing information, winrevair (sotatercept). Food and Drug Administration; 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2024\/761363s000lbl.pdf"},{"key":"721_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad655.2733","author":"JA Van Der Zande","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Der Zande JA, Greutmann M, Tobler D, Ramlakhan KP, Cornette JMJ, Hall R, et al. Diuretic use in pregnancy: data from the ESC registry of pregnancy and cardiac disease (ROPAC). Eur Heart J. 2023;26(7):1561\u20131570 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad655.2733","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"721_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2019.03.004","volume":"43","author":"K Abe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abe K, Kuklina EV, Hooper WC, Callaghan WM. Venous thromboembolism as a cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality in the united States. Semin Perinatol. 2019;43(4):200\u20134.","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"721_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0000000000000751","volume":"75","author":"MM Daughety","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daughety MM, Zilberman-Rudenko J, Shatzel JJ, McCarty OJT, Raghunathan V. Management of anticoagulation in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2020;75(3):190\u20138.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"issue":"19","key":"721_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019000963","volume":"136","author":"S Middeldorp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Middeldorp S, Ganzevoort W. How i treat venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Blood. 2020;136(19):2133\u201342.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"721_CR57","first-page":"207","volume":"54","author":"M Yurdak\u00f6k","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yurdak\u00f6k M. Fetal and neonatal effects of anticoagulants used in pregnancy: a review. Turk J Pediatr. 2012;54(3):207\u201315.","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"721_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2021-0457","volume":"50","author":"AL Areia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Areia AL, Mota-Pinto A. Experience with direct oral anticoagulants in pregnancy - a systematic review. J Perinat Med. 2022;50(4):457\u201361.","journal-title":"J Perinat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000003818","volume":"129","author":"AT Dennis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dennis AT, Salman M, Paxton E, Flint M, et al. Resting hemodynamics and response to exercise using the 6-minute walk test in late pregnancy: an international prospective multicentre study. Anesth Analg. 2019;129(2):450\u20137.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"721_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25863","author":"AR Francis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Francis AR, Sugrue TJ, Dennis AT. Pregnancy reference intervals and exertion and breathlessness ratings for the six minute walk test in healthy nulliparous people. Heliyon. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25863.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2022.09.002","volume":"23","author":"S Kariyawasam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kariyawasam S, Brown J. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in pregnancy. BJA Educ. 2023;23(1):24\u201331.","journal-title":"BJA Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"721_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003549","volume":"134","author":"SR Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin SR, Edwards A. Pulmonary hypertension and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(5):974\u201387.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"721_CR63","first-page":"109","volume":"39","author":"W Ballard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ballard W, Dixon B, McEvoy CA, Verma A. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in pregnancy. Cardiol Clin. 2021;39:109\u201318.","journal-title":"Cardiol Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"721_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000001034","volume":"38","author":"A Vaidy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vaidy A, Vaidya A. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in pregnancy. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2023;38(3):250\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"721_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.016072","volume":"9","author":"EE Naoum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Naoum EE, Chalupka A, Haft J, MacEachern M, et al. Extracorporeal life support in pregnancy: A systematic review. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9:13.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"721_CR66","first-page":"7031731","volume":"2018","author":"HA Memon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Memon HA, Safdar Z, Goodarzi A. Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in postpartum management of a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Case Rep Pulmonol. 2018;2018:7031731.","journal-title":"Case Rep Pulmonol"},{"key":"721_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001728","author":"C Thomas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thomas C, Tobes D, Trela K, Montes M, et al. A case report of percutaneous right ventricular assist device utilization after cesarean delivery in a patient with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. A&A Practice. 2023;17(11):e01728 . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001728","journal-title":"A&A Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12636","volume":"121","author":"WR Sheldon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sheldon WR, Blum J, Vogel JP, Souza JP, et al. Postpartum haemorrhage management, risks, and maternal outcomes: findings from the World Health Organization multicountry survey on maternal and newborn health. BJOG. 2014;121(1):5.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004972","volume":"141","author":"CM Corbetta-Rastelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corbetta-Rastelli CM, Friedman AM, Sobhani NC, Arditi B, et al. Postpartum hemorrhage trends and outcomes in the US, 2000\u20132019. Obstet Gynecol. 2023;141(1):152.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"721_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.008815","volume":"11","author":"LE Simcox","year":"2015","unstructured":"Simcox LE, Ormesher L, Tower C, Greer IA. Pulmonary thrombo-embolism in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Breathe. 2015;11(4):282\u20139.","journal-title":"Breathe"},{"issue":"2","key":"721_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.173356","volume":"32","author":"K Kaur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaur K, Bhardwaj M, Kumar P, Singhal S, Singh T, Hooda S. Amniotic fluid embolism. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2016;32(2):153\u20139.","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"721_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.04.052","volume":"201","author":"A Conde-Agudelo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R. Amniotic fluid embolism: an evidence-based review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(5):e4451\u201313.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2 Pt2","key":"721_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000235711.11817.8c","volume":"109","author":"SC Prosper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Prosper SC, Goudge CS, Lupo VR. Recombinant factor VIIa to successfully manage disseminated intravascular coagulation from amniotic fluid embolism. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(2 Pt2):524\u20135.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"721_CR74","first-page":"e0162","volume":"2","author":"C Creel-Bulos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Creel-Bulos C, Hassani B, Stentz MJ, Budhrani G, Daneshmand MA, Jabaley CS, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for amniotic fluid embolism-induced cardiac arrest in the first trimester of pregnancy: a case report. Crit Care Explor. 2020;2(7):e0162.","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"721_CR75","unstructured":"Gallegos R, Clarke G, Bashor A, Abbottsmith C. Successful use of intra-aortic balloon pump in an amniotic embolism case. Cath Lab Digest. 2014;22(5)."},{"issue":"3","key":"721_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31817f10e8","volume":"107","author":"NP Nagarsheth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagarsheth NP, Pinney S, Bassily-Marcus A, Anyanwu A, Friedman L, Beilin Y. Successful placement of a right ventricular assist device for treatment of a presumed amniotic fluid embolism. Anesth Analg. 2008;107(3):962\u20134.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"721_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2024.107442","volume":"157","author":"R Madonna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Madonna R, Biondi F, Sotatercept. New drug on the horizon of pulmonary hypertension. Vascul Pharmacol. 2024;157:107442.","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"721_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13284","volume":"43","author":"N Tamura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tamura N, Farhana M, Oda T, Itoh H, Kanayama N. Amniotic fluid embolism: pathophysiology from the perspective of pathology. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2017;43(4):627\u201332.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"721_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e31802b8853","volume":"45","author":"A O\u2019Shea","year":"2007","unstructured":"O\u2019Shea A, Eappen S. Amniotic fluid embolism. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2007;45(1):17\u201328.","journal-title":"Int Anesthesiol Clin"}],"container-title":["Current Heart Failure Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11897-025-00721-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11897-025-00721-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11897-025-00721-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T08:02:02Z","timestamp":1768550522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11897-025-00721-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11897-025-00721-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1546-9530","1546-9549"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1546-9530","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-9549","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}},{"value":"Conflicts of Interest:","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"30"}}