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Primary studies originated from the USA, Sweden, Netherlands, China, Iran, and Philippines. Common benefits of CBT included depressive symptoms (89%), quality of life (56%), anxiety symptoms (39%), self-care (33%), 6-minute walk distance (33%), and health status (17%). Evidence varied depending on the timepoint of follow-up assessment and the specific measurement used to evaluate the outcome. No meta-analyses pooled the effect sizes for iCBT and analyzed the specific therapeutic elements in CBT. No meta-regression was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individual participant data meta-analyses with meta-regression should be performed to identify common moderators and factors that can influence treatment adherence. The current research would also benefit from additional RCT evidence focusing specifically on iCBT for patients with HF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-026-00760-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:05:23Z","timestamp":1778310323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Face-to-Face and Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients with Heart Failure: an Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Huinan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wai Kai","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"760_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605231198371","author":"M Rajasree Katta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rajasree Katta M, Prasad S, Tiwari A, Abdelgawad Abouzid MR, Mitra S, SAGE Publications Ltd. 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