{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:47:51Z","timestamp":1788058071333,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001338","name":"University of Capetown","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-025-00760-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T03:17:39Z","timestamp":1762139859000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations between Neuroimaging Measures and Cognitive Performance in Children, Adolescents, and Youth Living With HIV\u2014a Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2112-1656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac L.","family":"Khobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances C.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Laughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesta M.","family":"Meintjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"760_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15381501.2021.1900975","volume":"20","author":"SR Muheriwa Matemba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muheriwa Matemba SR, Cianelli R, McCabe BE, Chilemba E. Health-related interventions for youth living with perinatally-acquired HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the evidence. J HIV AIDS Soc Serv. 2021;20(1):1\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15381501.2021.1900975.","journal-title":"J HIV AIDS Soc Serv"},{"key":"760_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20499361221077544","volume":"9","author":"D Nalwanga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nalwanga D, Musiime V. Children living with HIV: a narrative review of recent advances in pediatric HIV research and their implications for clinical practice. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2022;9:20499361221077544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20499361221077544.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"760_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12993","volume":"22","author":"RJH Ensink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ensink RJH, Kuper H. Is hearing impairment associated with HIV? A systematic review of data from low- and middle-income countries. Trop Med Int Health. 2017;22(12):1493\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tmi.12993.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"760_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0893","author":"N Phillips","year":"2016","unstructured":"Phillips N, et al. HIV-associated cognitive impairment in perinatally infected children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2016-0893.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"760_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2021.1873232","volume":"33","author":"K Rowe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rowe K, et al. Executive function in HIV-affected children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses. AIDS Care. 2021;33(7):833\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2021.1873232.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"760_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-022-00465-y","volume":"16","author":"O Musindo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Musindo O, Krabbendam L, Mutahi J, Garcia MP, Bangirana P, Kumar M. Neurocognitive deficits and socioeconomic risk factors among children and adolescents living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2022;16(1):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-022-00465-y.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"760_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4079","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S295859","volume":"15","author":"Z Vastag","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vastag Z, Fira-Mladinescu O, Rosca EC. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND): obstacles to early neuropsychological diagnosis. Int J Gen Med. 2022;15:4079\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJGM.S295859.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"760_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meyer AL. Need to revise Frascati criteria for HIV-Associated neurocognitive disorders to improve relevance for diverse global populations. Neurol Clin Pract. 2022;12(4):328\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200063.","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200063"},{"key":"760_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-013-9456-5","volume":"29","author":"J Hoare","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoare J, Ransford GL, Phillips N, Amos T, Donald K, Stein DJ. Systematic review of neuroimaging studies in vertically transmitted HIV positive children and adolescents. Metab Brain Dis. 2014;29:221\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-013-9456-5.","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"760_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-021-00598-3","volume":"19","author":"SL Nichols","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nichols SL. Central nervous system impact of perinatally acquired HIV in adolescents and adults: an update. Curr HIV AIDS Rep. 2022;19(1):121\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11904-021-00598-3.","journal-title":"Curr HIV AIDS Rep"},{"key":"760_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2021.02.001","author":"EC Nwosu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nwosu EC, et al. Cortical structural changes related to early antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption in perinatally HIV-infected children at 5 years of age. IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ibneur.2021.02.001.","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"760_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101810","author":"BSC Wade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wade BSC, et al. Mapping abnormal subcortical neurodevelopment in a cohort of Thai children with HIV. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2019.101810.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"760_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00088","author":"M Jankiewicz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jankiewicz M, et al. White matter abnormalities in children with HIV infection and exposure. Front Neuroanat. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnana.2017.00088.","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"issue":"5","key":"760_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4310-x","volume":"49","author":"C Ackermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ackermann C, van Toorn R, Andronikou S. Human immunodeficiency virus-related cerebral white matter disease in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2019;49(5):652\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00247-018-4310-x.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"760_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.10.028","volume":"20","author":"SK Yadav","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yadav SK, et al. Changes in resting-state functional brain activity are associated with waning cognitive functions in HIV-infected children. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2018;20:1204\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.10.028.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"key":"760_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00145","author":"FC Robertson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robertson FC, et al. Perinatal HIV infection or exposure is associated with low N-acetylaspartate and glutamate in basal ganglia at age 9 but not 7 years. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00145.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"760_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001082","author":"KK Mbugua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mbugua KK, et al. HIV-associated CD4+\/CD8\u2009+\u2009depletion in infancy is associated with neurometabolic reductions in the basal ganglia at age 5 years despite early antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001082.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"5","key":"760_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000637","volume":"9","author":"M van den Hof","year":"2019","unstructured":"van den Hof M, Ter Haar AM, Caan MWA, Spijker R, van der Lee JH, Pajkrt D. Brain structure of perinatally HIV-infected patients on long-term treatment: a systematic review. Neurol Clin Pract. 2019;9(5):433\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000637.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"760_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s40817-015-0009-1","volume":"29","author":"KA Musielak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Musielak KA, Fine JG. An updated systematic review of neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV. J Pediatr Neuropsychol. 2016;29:221\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40817-015-0009-1.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neuropsychol"},{"key":"760_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118450","volume":"242","author":"KL Mills","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mills KL, et al. Inter-individual variability in structural brain development from late childhood to young adulthood. Neuroimage. 2021;242:118450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118450.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"760_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"760_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05391","volume":"38","author":"SS Forsythe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forsythe SS, et al. Twenty years of antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV: global costs, health achievements, economic benefits. Health Aff (Millwood). 2019;38(7):1163\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05391.","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"760_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"760_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2310\/7010.2006.00126","author":"L Gabis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gabis L, Belman A, Huang W, Milazzo M, Nachman S. Clinical and imaging study of human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected youth receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: pilot study using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Child Neurol. 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2310\/7010.2006.00126.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"760_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nozyce ML et al. A behavioral and cognitive profile of clinically stable HIV-infected children. Pediatrics. 2006; 117(3):763\u2009\u2013\u200970.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2005-0451","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0451"},{"key":"760_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-012-0099-9","volume":"18","author":"J Hoare","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoare J, et al. A diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive study of HIV-positive children who are HAART-na\u00efve slow progressors. J Neurovirol. 2012;18:205\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-012-0099-9.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"760_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-012-9407-7","volume":"7","author":"R Nagarajan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nagarajan R, et al. Neuropsychological function and cerebral metabolites in HIV-infected youth. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2012;7(4):981\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-012-9407-7.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"760_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ackermann C et al. White matter signal abnormalities in children with suspected HIV-related neurologic disease on early combination antiretroviral therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33(8):e207-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000000288","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000288"},{"issue":"9","key":"760_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-014-2434-3","volume":"30","author":"S Andronikou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andronikou S, et al. Correlating brain volume and callosal thickness with clinical and laboratory indicators of disease severity in children with HIV-related brain disease. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30(9):1549\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-014-2434-3.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"760_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1179\/1528433614Z.0000000003","volume":"16","author":"J Ashby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ashby J, et al. Cerebral function in perinatally HIV-infected young adults and their HIV-uninfected sibling controls. HIV Clin Trials. 2015;16(2):81\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/1528433614Z.0000000003.","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"issue":"37","key":"760_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001417","volume":"94","author":"MM Herting","year":"2015","unstructured":"Herting MM, et al. Default mode connectivity in youth with perinatally acquired HIV. Medicine. 2015;94(37):e1417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000001417.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"760_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0311-1","volume":"21","author":"J Hoare","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoare J, et al. Clinical associations of white matter damage in cART-treated HIV-positive children in South Africa. J Neurovirol. 2015;21(2):120\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-014-0311-1.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"760_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Uban KA et al. White matter microstructure among youth with perinatally acquired HIV is associated with disease severity. AIDS. 2015; 29(9):1035-44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000648","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000648"},{"issue":"1","key":"760_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002209","volume":"86","author":"S Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen S, et al. Cerebral injury in perinatally HIV-infected children compared to matched healthy controls. Neurology. 2016;86(1):19\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002209.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"760_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003093","volume":"95","author":"YW van Dalen","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Dalen YW, et al. Neurometabolite alterations associated with cognitive performance in perinatally HIV-infected children. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(12):e3093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000003093.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"7","key":"760_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005891","volume":"96","author":"C Blokhuis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blokhuis C, et al. Higher subcortical and white matter cerebral blood flow in perinatally HIV-infected children. Medicine. 2017;96(7):e5891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000005891.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"760_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lewis-de los CP, Angeles, et al. Lower total and regional grey matter brain volumes in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV infection: associations with HIV disease severity, substance use, and cognition. Brain Behav Immun. 2017;62:100\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.01.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.01.004"},{"key":"760_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.01.032","volume":"14","author":"SK Yadav","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yadav SK, et al. Altered structural brain changes and neurocognitive performance in pediatric HIV. NeuroImage: Clinical. 2017;14:316\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.01.032.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clinical"},{"issue":"7","key":"760_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001852","volume":"37","author":"R Paul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paul R, et al. Structural neuroimaging and neuropsychologic signatures in children with vertically acquired HIV. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2018;37(7):662\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000001852.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"8","key":"760_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2017.0267","volume":"34","author":"P Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang P, Li J, Wang X, Thapa D, Wu GY. Asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus vertical transmitted adolescents\u2019 brain functional changes: based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2018;34(8):699\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/AID.2017.0267.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"760_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-018-0712-7","volume":"25","author":"J Hoare","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoare J, et al. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy after the critical neuronal developmental period of the second postnatal year affects white matter microstructure in adolescents living with HIV. J Neurovirol. 2019;25:254\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-018-0712-7.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"760_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00814","volume":"10","author":"X Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu X, et al. Neuroanatomical changes underlying vertical HIV infection in adolescents. Front Immunol. 2019;10:814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00814.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"760_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-020-00278-z","volume":"17","author":"C Ackermann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ackermann C, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging point to ongoing functional impairment in HIV-infected children at age 5, undetectable using standard neurodevelopmental assessments. AIDS Res Ther. 2020;17(1):20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12981-020-00278-z.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"760_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.08.014","volume":"102","author":"O Dean","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dean O, et al. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings associated with cognitive impairment in children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus in Zambia. Pediatr Neurol. 2020;102:28\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2019.08.014.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"760_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-019-00792-5","volume":"26","author":"SJ Heany","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heany SJ, et al. Neural correlates of maintenance working memory, as well as relevant structural qualities, are associated with earlier antiretroviral treatment initiation in vertically transmitted HIV. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(1):60\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-019-00792-5.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"760_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.08.003","volume":"112","author":"CL Schneider","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schneider CL, et al. Cerebrovascular disease in children perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Zambia. Pediatr Neurol. 2020;112:14\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.08.003.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"760_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100039","volume":"2","author":"SK Yadav","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yadav SK, et al. Brain microstructural changes support cognitive deficits in HIV uninfected children born to HIV infected mothers. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;2:100039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100039.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"760_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoare J et al. Alcohol use is associated with mental health problems and brain structural alterations in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection on ART. Alcohol. 2021;97:59\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alcohol.2021.09.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2021.09.006"},{"issue":"9","key":"760_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1089\/AID.2020.0030","volume":"37","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Gao L, Ye Z. Study of brain structure in HIV vertically infected adolescents. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2021;37(9):647\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/AID.2020.0030.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"760_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bejarano-Garcia MM et al. Brain activity in well-controlled perinatally HIV-infected young adults: a fMRI pilot study. Rev Neurol. 2021;72(10):343\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33588\/rn.7210.2020536","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.7210.2020536"},{"issue":"1","key":"760_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82587-5","volume":"11","author":"MK Sarma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sarma MK, et al. White matter of perinatally HIV infected older youths shows low frequency fluctuations that may reflect glial cycling. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):3086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-82587-5.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"no. 8","key":"760_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002873","volume":"35","author":"M van den Hof","year":"2021","unstructured":"van den Hof M, et al. Normal structural brain development in adolescents treated for perinatally acquired HIV: a longitudinal imaging study. AIDS. 2021;35(8):1221\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002873.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"760_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112179","author":"JG van Genderen","year":"2021","unstructured":"van Genderen JG, et al. A longitudinal analysis of cerebral blood flow in perinatally HIV infected adolescents as compared to matched healthy controls. Viruses. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v13112179.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"15","key":"760_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1676","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200946","volume":"99","author":"JG van Genderen","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Genderen JG, et al. Brain differences in adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV compared with adoption status matched controls: a cross-sectional study. Neurology. 2022;99(15):e1676\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200946.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"760_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.11.026","volume":"116","author":"GA Caceres","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caceres GA, et al. Relationship between brain structural network integrity and emotional symptoms in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV. Brain Behav Immun. 2024;116:101\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.11.026.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"760_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/21683603.2020.1796124","volume":"8","author":"K Cockcroft","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cockcroft K, Cassimjee N. HIV\/AIDS in South African schools: neuropsychological and psychoeducational implications. Int J School Educ Psychol. 2020;8(4):269\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21683603.2020.1796124.","journal-title":"Int J School Educ Psychol"},{"key":"760_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21683603.2020.1796122","author":"K Gabbidon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gabbidon K, Chenneville T, Adeli S. HIV\/AIDS in Kenyan schools: neuropsychological and psychoeducational implications. Int J Sch Educ Psychol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21683603.2020.1796122.","journal-title":"Int J Sch Educ Psychol"},{"key":"760_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cad.20354","author":"R Tuke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tuke R, et al. Psychosocial adjustment in Ugandan children: coping with human immunodeficiency virus exposure, lifetime adversity, and importance of social support. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cad.20354.","journal-title":"New Dir Child Adolesc Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"760_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-015-0268-6","volume":"12","author":"PM Thompson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thompson PM, Jahanshad N. Novel neuroimaging methods to understand how HIV affects the brain. Curr HIV-AIDS Rep. 2015;12(2):289\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11904-015-0268-6.","journal-title":"Curr HIV-AIDS Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"760_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy292","volume":"142","author":"RR Darby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Darby RR, Joutsa J, Fox MD. Network localization of heterogeneous neuroimaging findings. Brain. 2019;142(1):70\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awy292.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"8","key":"760_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.12.006","volume":"8","author":"R Botvinik-Nezer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Botvinik-Nezer R, Wager TD. Reproducibility in neuroimaging analysis: challenges and solutions. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2023;8(8):780\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2022.12.006.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"760_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.01.005","author":"G Gartlehner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gartlehner G, et al. Single-reviewer abstract screening missed 13% of relevant studies: a crowd-based, randomized controlled trial. J Clin Epidemiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.01.005.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"760_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1369","author":"CRT Stoll","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stoll CRT, Izadi S, Fowler S, Green P, Suls J, Colditz GA. The value of a second reviewer for study selection in systematic reviews. Res Synth Methods. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jrsm.1369.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"760_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-019-0782-0","author":"S Waffenschmidt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waffenschmidt S, Knelangen M, Sieben W, B\u00fchn S, Pieper D. Single screening versus conventional double screening for study selection in systematic reviews: a methodological systematic review. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-019-0782-0.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"760_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002577","author":"LT Tran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tran LT, et al. White matter microstructural integrity and neurobehavioral outcome of HIV-exposed uninfected neonates. Medicine. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000002577.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"760_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116846","author":"CJ Wedderburn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wedderburn CJ, et al. Neuroimaging young children and associations with neurocognitive development in a South African birth cohort study. Neuroimage. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.116846.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"760_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026","volume":"45","author":"EA Eisenhauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenhauer EA, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer. 2009;45(2):228\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"760_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.03.081","volume":"62","author":"LH Schwartz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwartz LH, et al. RECIST 1.1-update and clarification: from the RECIST committee. Eur J Cancer. 2016;62:132\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejca.2016.03.081.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Current HIV\/AIDS Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11904-025-00760-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11904-025-00760-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11904-025-00760-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T14:03:00Z","timestamp":1769608980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11904-025-00760-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["760"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11904-025-00760-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1548-3568","1548-3576"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1548-3568","type":"print"},{"value":"1548-3576","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"51"}}