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This review synthesizes current evidence and guidance on HSV-2 serologic screening, emphasizing its relevance for HIV prevention and care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>International guidelines advise against routine general population-level serologic screening for HSV-2 in asymptomatic persons. Key limitations include poor test specificity, the absence of potent antivirals or therapeutic vaccines, lack of curative therapy, no demonstrated population-level benefit, and psychosocial harms associated with diagnosis. Current practice instead emphasizes diagnostic testing in symptomatic persons and targeted screening in defined contexts\u2014such as among people with HIV in specific clinical situations, sex partners of those with HSV-2 infection, certain pregnant women, persons seeking sexual health care, and persons with recurrent or atypical symptoms\u2014where results may directly inform management. Emerging technologies, including highly specific assays, novel potent antivirals, therapeutic vaccines, and curative strategies, may eventually shift the cost\u2013benefit balance of general screening.\u00a0<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence supports targeted rather than general population-level screening to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing harm. New evidence demonstrating that interventions can achieve measurable population-level reductions in disease burden or transmission, together with future advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, may eventually justify integrating routine HSV-2 screening into broader contexts, including into HIV prevention and care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-026-00771-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T06:51:20Z","timestamp":1770015080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Screening in Persons with and Without HIV: Evidence, Challenges, and Future Directions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0790-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laith J.","family":"Abu-Raddad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-6968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiam","family":"Chemaitelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3486-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Wald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3073-0843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"771_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2024-056307","volume":"101","author":"M Harfouche","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harfouche M, AlMukdad S, Alareeki A, Osman AMM, Gottlieb S, Rowley J, et al. 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No data or images are reproduced in this submission without proper permissions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"This is a narrative review of the literature and thus not considered human subject research. Thus, no ethical approval was required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any data with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}},{"value":"LJA has received a speaker honorarium from Roche Diagnostics International for delivering a webinar on neonatal herpes. HC received a speaker honorarium and travel support from Sanofi for delivering a presentation on SARS-CoV-2 viral evolution. AW received research funding from NIH, GSK, Assembly Bio, and Moderna; has served as a consultant for GSK, AiCuris, Merck, Innovative Molecules, and Bayer (past); serves on a scientific advisory board for MAPP Biopharmaceutical; and has received travel support from STIRx and Moderna. CJ has served as a consultant for AiCuris, Assembly Biosciences, GSK, and Oxymo (all fees paid to the University), and for GSK and Pfizer (fees paid to the individual). She has also received contract funding paid to the University from Assembly Biosciences, Moderna, and GSK.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"3"}}