{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T22:47:30Z","timestamp":1761518850407},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]],"date-time":"2003-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Science Inc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-003-0067-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,25]],"date-time":"2007-05-25T01:56:02Z","timestamp":1180058162000},"page":"117-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Insulin resistance in HIV-related lipodystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nasser","family":"Mikhail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"67_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F51","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199807000-00003","volume":"12","author":"A Carr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carr A, Samaras K, Burton S, et al.: A syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidaemia, and insulin resistance in patients receiving HIV protease inhibitors. AIDS 1998, 12:F51-F58. First study to show the presence of insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients with LD.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.6.5740","volume":"84","author":"JA Yanovski","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yanovski JA, Miller KD, Kino T, et al.: Endocrine and metabolic evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with evidence of protease inhibitor-associated lipodystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84:1925\u20131931.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"67_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04056-3","volume":"357","author":"E Martinez","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martinez E, Mocroft A, Garcia-Viejo MA, et al.: Risk of lipodystrophy in HIV-1 infected patients treated with protease inhibitors: a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2001, 357:592\u2013597. The largest prospective study that examined the incidence and risk factors of HIV-related LD.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"67_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199903110-00004","volume":"13","author":"C Gervasoni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gervasoni C, Ridolfo AL, Trifiro G, et al.: Redistribution of body fat in HIV-infected women undergoing combined antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 1999, 13:465\u2013471.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","volume":"28","author":"DR Matthews","year":"1985","unstructured":"Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al.: Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and b-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985, 28:412\u2013417.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"67_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.43.9.1114","volume":"43","author":"MF Saad","year":"1994","unstructured":"Saad MF, Anderson RL, Laws A, et al.: A comparison between the minimal model and the glucose clamp in the assessment of insulin sensitivity across the spectrum of glucose tolerance. Diabetes 1994, 43:1114\u20131121.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"67_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90059-6","volume":"40","author":"M Hommes","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hommes M, Romijn J, Endert E, et al.: Insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men. Metabolism 1991, 40:651\u2013656.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"67_CR8","first-page":"559","volume":"76","author":"MK Hellerstein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hellerstein MK, Grunfeld C, Wu K, et al.: Increased de novo hepatic lipogenesis in human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993, 76:559\u2013565.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"67_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F167","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199815000-00001","volume":"12","author":"R Walli","year":"1998","unstructured":"Walli R, Herfort O, Michl GM, et al.: Treatment with protease inhibitors associated with peripheral insulin resistance and impaired oral glucose tolerance in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 1998, 12:F167-F173.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR10","first-page":"1045","volume":"74","author":"C Grunfeld","year":"1992","unstructured":"Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, et al.: Lipids, lipoproteins, triglyceride clearance, and cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992, 74:1045\u20131052.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"67_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200012010-00004","volume":"25","author":"DC Mynarcik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mynarcik DC, McNurlan MA, Steigbigel RT, et al.: Association of severe insulin resistance with both loss of limb fat and elevated serum tumor necrosis factor receptor levels in HIV lipodystrophy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000, 25:312\u2013321.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"67_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200001010-00005","volume":"23","author":"K Mulligan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mulligan K, Grunfeld C, Tai VW, et al.: Hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance are induced by protease inhibitors independent of changes in body composition in patients with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000, 23:35\u201343.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"67_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200105040-00001","volume":"15","author":"MA Noor","year":"2001","unstructured":"Noor MA, Lo JC, Mulligan K, et al.: Metabolic effects of indinavir in healthy HIV-seronegative men. AIDS 2001, 15:11\u201318.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200001070-00006","volume":"14","author":"JQ Purnell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Purnell JQ, Zambon A, Knopp RH, et al.: Effect of ritonavir on lipids and postheparin lipase activities in normal subjects. AIDS 2000, 14:51\u201357.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-978655","volume":"32","author":"JM Petit","year":"2000","unstructured":"Petit JM, Duong M, Dullivard L, et al.: HIV-1 Protease inhibitors induce an increase of triglyceride level in HIV-infected men without modification of insulin sensitivity: A longitudinal study. Horm Metabol Res 2000, 32:367\u2013372.","journal-title":"Horm Metabol Res"},{"key":"67_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199909100-00009","volume":"13","author":"T Saint-Marc","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saint-Marc T, Partisani M, Poizot-Martin I, et al.: A syndrome of peripheral fat wasting (lipodystrophy) in patients receiving long-term nucleoside analogue therapy. AIDS 1999, 13:1659\u20131667.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200001070-00005","volume":"14","author":"T Saint-Marc","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saint-Marc T, Partisani M, Poizot-Martin I, et al.: Fat distribution evaluated by computed tomography and metabolic abnormalities in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy: preliminary results of the LIPOCO study. AIDS 2000, 14:37\u201349.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1086\/338811","volume":"34","author":"G Chene","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chene G, Angelin E, Cotte L, et al.: Role of long-term nucleoside-analogue therapy in lipodystrophy and metabolic disorders in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clin Infect Dis 2002, 34:649\u2013657.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"67_CR19","first-page":"35","volume":"85","author":"C Hadigan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hadigan C, Corcoran C, Stanley T, et al.: Fasting hyperinsulinemia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: relationship to body composition, gonadal function, and protease inhibitor use. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000, 85:35\u201341.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"67_CR20","first-page":"1932","volume":"84","author":"C Hadigan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hadigan C, Miller K, Corcoran C, et al.: Fasting hyperinsulinemia and changes in regional body composition in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999, 84:1932\u20131937.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"67_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20251","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000228200","volume":"275","author":"H Murata","year":"2000","unstructured":"Murata H, Hruz PW, Mueckler M: The mechanism of insulin resistance caused by HIV protease inhibitor therapy. J Biol Chem 2000, 275:20251\u201320254.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"67_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200204120-00005","volume":"16","author":"H Murata","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murata H, Hruz PW, Mueckler M: Indinavir inhibits the glucose transporter isoform Glut 4 at physiologic concentrations. AIDS 2002, 16:859\u2013863.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.6.1378","volume":"50","author":"M Caron","year":"2001","unstructured":"Caron M, Auclair M, Vigouroux C, et al.: The HIV protease inhibitor indinavir impairs sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 intranuclear localization, inhibits preadipocyte differentiation, and induces insulin resistance. Diabetes 2001, 50:1378\u20131388.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"67_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.11.4854","volume":"91","author":"GS Hotamisligil","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hotamisligil GS, Murray DL, Choy LN, Spiegelman BM: Tumor necrosis factor a inhibits signaling from the insulin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994, 91:4854\u20134858.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"67_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.10.3191","volume":"95","author":"E Ledru","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ledru E, Christeff N, Patey O, et al.: Alteration of tumor necrosis factor-a T-cell homeostasis following potent antiretroviral therapy: contribution to the development of human immunodeficiency virus-associated lipodystrophy syndrome. Blood 2000, 95:3191\u20133198.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"67_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.6.1440","volume":"50","author":"K Ebihara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ebihara K, Ogawa Y, Masuzaki H, et al.: Transgenic overexpression of leptin rescues insulin resistance and diabetes in a mouse model of lipoatrophic diabetes. Diabetes 2001, 50:1440\u20131448.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"67_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012437","volume":"346","author":"EA Oral","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oral EA, Simha V, Ruiz E, et al.: Leptin replacement therapy for lipodystrophy. N Engl J Med 2002, 346:570\u2013578. The first study that demonstrated the efficacy of leptin in treating insulin resistance in patients with congenital (non-HIV-related) LD.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"67_CR28","first-page":"225","volume":"25","author":"C Vigouroux","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vigouroux C, Gharakhanian S, Salhi Y, et al.: Diabetes, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia in lipodystrophic HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Diabetes Metab 1999, 25:225\u2013232.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"67_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08094-7","volume":"359","author":"J Bastard","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bastard J, Caron M, Vidal H, et al.: Association between altered expression of adipogenic factor SREBP1 in lipoatrophic adipose tissue from HIV-1-infected patients and abnormal adipocyte differentiation and insulin resistance. Lancet 2002, 359:1026\u20131031.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"67_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200208150-00002","volume":"30","author":"D Klein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klein D, Hurley LB, Quesenberry CP, Sidney S: Do protease inhibitors increase the risk for coronary heart disease in patients with HIV-1 infection? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002, 30:471\u2013477.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"67_CR31","unstructured":"Currier JS, Boyd F, Kawabata H, et al.: Diabetes mellitus in HIVinfected individuals [poster 677-T]. Presented at 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle. February 22\u201325, 2002."},{"key":"67_CR32","unstructured":"Holmberg S, Moorman A, Tong T, et al., for the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators: Protease inhibitor use and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in ambulatory HIV patients [poster 698-T]. Presented at 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Seattle. February 22\u201325, 2002."},{"key":"67_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.4.472","volume":"284","author":"C Hadigan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hadigan C, Corcoran C, Basgoz N, et al.: Metformin in the treatment of HIV lipodystrophy syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000, 284:472\u2013477. The best designed study for the evaluation of metformin in treatment of LD.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"67_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199905280-00023","volume":"13","author":"T Saint-Marc","year":"1999","unstructured":"Saint-Marc T, Touraine JL: Effects of metformin on insulin resistance and central obesity in patients receiving effective protease inhibitor therapy [letter]. AIDS 1999, 13:1000\u20131002.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s004330050123","volume":"199","author":"R Walli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walli R, Michl GM, Muhlbayer D, et al.: Effects of troglitazone on insulin sensitivity in HIV-infected patients with protease inhibitor-associated diabetes mellitus. Res Exp Med 2000, 199:253\u2013262.","journal-title":"Res Exp Med"},{"key":"67_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200009080-00008","volume":"14","author":"H Hatano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hatano H, Miller KD, Yoder CP, et al.: Metabolic and anthropometric consequences of interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2000, 14:1935\u20131942.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910220-00013","volume":"13","author":"C Wanke","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wanke C, Gerrior J, Kantaros J, et al.: Recombinant human growth hormone improves the fat redistribution syndrome (lipodystrophy) in patients with HIV. AIDS 1999, 13:2099\u20132103.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"67_CR38","first-page":"236","volume-title":"In Programs and Abstracts of the 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections","author":"C Fichtenbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fichtenbaum C, Gerber J, Rozenkranz S, et al.: Pharmacokinetic interactions between protease inhibitors and selected HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors [abstract LB6]. In Programs and Abstracts of the 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Alexandria, VA: Foundation for Retrovirology and Human Health; 2000:236."}],"container-title":["Current Hypertension Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11906-003-0067-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11906-003-0067-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11906-003-0067-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,22]],"date-time":"2020-04-22T09:27:40Z","timestamp":1587547660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11906-003-0067-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}},"alternative-id":["67"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-003-0067-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-6417","1534-3111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-6417","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3111","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]}}}