{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:24:36Z","timestamp":1784906676533,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Science Inc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-004-0072-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,24]],"date-time":"2007-05-24T19:36:58Z","timestamp":1180035418000},"page":"215-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular derangements: Pathophysiology and management"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Fadi","family":"El-Atat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy I.","family":"McFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Sowers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"72_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000042097.39655.B7","volume":"40","author":"JR Sowers","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sowers JR, Haffner S: Treatment of cardiovascular and renal risk factors in the diabetic hypertensive. Hypertension 2002, 40:781\u2013788.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807233390404","volume":"339","author":"SM Haffner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, et al.: Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:229\u2013234.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.4.1053","volume":"37","author":"JR Sowers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sowers JR, Epstein M, Frohlich ED: Diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease: an update. Hypertension 2001, 37:1053\u20131059.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-003-0085-y","volume":"5","author":"JP Castro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Castro JP, El-Atat FA, McFarlane SI, et al.: Cardiometabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and treatment. Curr Hypertens Rep 2003, 5:393\u2013401.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"72_CR5","first-page":"C14","volume":"22","author":"JR Sowers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sowers JR, Lester MA: Diabetes and cardiovascular disease [review]. Diabetes Care 1999, 22(Suppl 3):C14-C20.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"72_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421310","volume":"342","author":"JR Sowers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sowers JR, Bakris GL: Antihypertensive therapy and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:969\u2013970.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.412","volume":"321","author":"AI Adler","year":"2000","unstructured":"Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil HA, et al.: Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000, 321:412\u2013419.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"72_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.26.6.869","volume":"26","author":"JR Sowers","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sowers JR, Epstein M: Diabetes mellitus and associated hypertension, vascular disease, and nephropathy: an update. Hypertension 1995, 26:869\u2013879.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421301","volume":"342","author":"TW Gress","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gress TW, Nieto J, Shahar E, et al.: Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:905\u2013912.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR10","first-page":"E692","volume":"261","author":"TA Kotchen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kotchen TA, Zhang HY, Covelli M, Blehschmidt N:. Insulin resistance and blood pressure in Dahl rats and in one-kidney, oneclip hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1991, 261:E692-E697.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"72_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/4.1.34","volume":"4","author":"GM Reaven","year":"1991","unstructured":"Reaven GM, Chang H: Relationship between blood pressure, plasma insulin and triglyceride concentration, and insulin action in spontaneous hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Am J Hypertens 1991, 4:34\u201338.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"72_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(92)90019-7","volume":"41","author":"LA Sechi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sechi LA, Melis A, Tedde R: Insulin hypersecretion: a distinctive feature between essential and secondary hypertension. Metabolism 1992, 41:1261\u20131266.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"72_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6896.92","volume":"307","author":"OL Beatty","year":"1993","unstructured":"Beatty OL, Harper R, Sheridan B, et al.: Insulin resistance in offspring of hypertensive parents. BMJ 1993, 307:92\u201396.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"72_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I12","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.23.1_Suppl.I12","volume":"23","author":"B Grunfeld","year":"1994","unstructured":"Grunfeld B, Balzareti M, Romo M, et al.: Hyperinsulinemia in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents. Hypertension 1994, 23:I12-I15.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR15","unstructured":"Sowers JR: Insulin resistance and hypertension. Am J Phys, In press."},{"key":"72_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.5.8612517","volume":"137","author":"MF Walsh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Walsh MF, Barazi M, Sowers JR: IGF-1 diminishes in vivo and in vitro vascular contractility: role of vascular nitric oxide. Endocrinology 1996, 137:1798\u20131803.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"72_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.29.3.691","volume":"29","author":"JR Sowers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sowers JR: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor in normal and pathological cardiovascular physiology. Hypertension 1997, 29:691\u2013699. In this paper, the current understanding of mechanisms of the hemodynamic, metabolic, and growth effects of insulin and IGF-1 exerted on CV tissue is reviewed. The paper provides a clear, scientific explanation of these effects in hyperinsulinemia and the insulin-resistant state. Furthermore, it gains major importance status with discussion of both normal and pathologic aspects of insulin and IGF-1 actions.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2003.50079","volume":"52","author":"ER Isenovic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Isenovic ER, Divald A, Milivojevic N, et al.: Interactive effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 and estradiol on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in rat aortic endothelial cells. Metabolism 2003, 52:482\u2013487.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"72_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2001.21701","volume":"50","author":"MF Walsh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Walsh MF, Ali S, Sowers JR: Vascular insulin\/insulin-like growth factor-1 resistance in female obese Zucker rats. Metabolism 2001, 50:607\u2013612.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"72_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91904-6","volume":"344","author":"B Williams","year":"1994","unstructured":"Williams B: Insulin resistance: the shape of things to come. Lancet 1994, 344:521\u2013524.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"72_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.22.2453","volume":"98","author":"G Nickenig","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nickenig G, Roling J, Strehlow K, et al.: Insulin induces upregulation of vascular AT1 receptor gene expression by posttranscriptional mechanisms. Circulation 1998, 98:2453\u20132460.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"72_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(98)90281-5","volume":"47","author":"DR Dengel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dengel DR, Hagberg JM, Pratley RE, et al.: Improvements in blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and lipoprotein lipids after aerobic exercise plus weight loss in obese, hypertensive middle-aged men. Metabolism 1998, 47:1075\u20131082. The effect of modifying insulin resistance on BP control is evaluated. A beneficial effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) in improving insulin sensitivity and lowering BP among sedentary, nondiabetic, hypertensive subjects is demonstrated.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"72_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(95)96214-5","volume":"8","author":"T Ogihara","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ogihara T, Rakugi H, Ikegami H, et al.: Enhancement of insulin sensitivity by troglitazone lowers blood pressure in diabetic hypertensives. Am J Hypertens 1995, 8:316\u2013320.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"72_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.1.172","volume":"26","author":"A Raji","year":"2003","unstructured":"Raji A, Seely EW, Bekins SA, et al.: Rosiglitazone improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:172\u2013178.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"72_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Atat F, Aneja A, Mcfarlane SI, Sowers JR: Obesity, hypertension and other cardiovascular sequelae. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2003, In press. This paper is a very thorough review of the maladaptive CV and metabolic responses to obesity in the cardiometabolic syndrome, with a focus on obesity-related hypertension, including the pathophysiology and treatment of this entity.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(03)00070-7"},{"key":"72_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(87)90087-9","volume":"16","author":"RJ Garrison","year":"1987","unstructured":"Garrison RJ, Kannel WB, Stokes J, Castelli WP: Incidence and precursors of hypertension in young adults: the Framingham Offspring Study. Prev Med 1987, 16:234\u2013251.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"72_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200209000-00003","volume":"324","author":"JE Hall","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hall JE, Crook ED, Jones DW, et al.: Mechanisms of obesityassociated cardiovascular and renal disease. Am J Med Sci 2002, 324:127\u2013137.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"72_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(00)01254-1","volume":"13","author":"R Zhang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang R, Reisin E: Obesity-hypertension: the effects on cardiovascular and renal systems. Am J Hypertens 2000, 13:1308\u20131314.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"72_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(01)02077-5","volume":"14","author":"JE Hall","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hall JE, Hildebrandt DA, Kuo J: Obesity hypertension: role of leptin and sympathetic nervous system. Am J Hypertens 2001, 14:103S-115S.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"72_CR30","first-page":"R255","volume":"274","author":"LG Melo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Melo LG, Veress AT, Chong CK, et al.: Salt-sensitive hypertension in ANP knockout mice: potential role of abnormal plasma-renin activity. Am J Physiol 1998, 274:R255-R261.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"72_CR31","first-page":"S43","volume":"307","author":"A Semplicini","year":"1994","unstructured":"Semplicini A, Ceolotto G, Massimino M, et al.: Interactions between insulin and sodium homeostasis in essential hypertension. Am J Med Sci 1994, 307(Suppl 1):S43-S46.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"72_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/07435809109027188","volume":"17","author":"MH Weinberger","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weinberger MH: Salt sensitive human hypertension. Endocr Res 1991, 17:43\u201351.","journal-title":"Endocr Res"},{"key":"72_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.17.1_Suppl.I102","volume":"17","author":"FC Luft","year":"1991","unstructured":"Luft FC, Miller JZ, Grim CE, et al.: Salt sensitivity and resistance of blood pressure: age and race as factors in physiological responses. Hypertension 1991, 17:I102-I108.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.18.1.67","volume":"18","author":"MH Weinberger","year":"1991","unstructured":"Weinberger MH, Fineberg NS: Sodium and volume sensitivity of blood pressure: age and pressure change over time. Hypertension 1991, 18:67\u201371.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.24.6.793","volume":"24","author":"P Verdecchia","year":"1994","unstructured":"Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, et al.: Ambulatory blood pressure: an independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1994, 24:793\u2013801.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1081\/CEH-100108716","volume":"24","author":"S Nakano","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nakano S, Kitazawa M, Tsuda S, et al.: Insulin resistance is associated with reduced nocturnal falls of blood pressure in normotensive, nonobese type 2 diabetic subjects. Clin Exp Hypertens 2002, 24:65\u201373.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"72_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.1999.00127.x","volume":"16","author":"FS Nielsen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nielsen FS, Hansen HP, Jacobsen P, et al.: Increased sympathetic activity during sleep and nocturnal hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Diabet Med 1999, 16:555\u2013562.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"72_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200211000-00017","volume":"20","author":"T Ohkubo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, et al.: Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24-h blood pressure: the Ohasama study. J Hypertens 2002, 20:2183\u20132189.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"72_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29S","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(96)87761-2","volume":"9","author":"WB White","year":"1996","unstructured":"White WB: A chronotherapeutic approach to the management of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1996, 9:29S-33S.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"72_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.7.2144","volume":"26","author":"CS Arun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arun CS, Stoddart J, Mackin P, et al.: Significance of microalbuminuria in long-duration type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2144\u20132149.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"72_CR41","first-page":"713","volume":"86","author":"SI McFarlane","year":"2001","unstructured":"McFarlane SI, Banerji M, Sowers JR: Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:713\u2013718. This paper is of particular importance in the molecular aspect of the cardiometabolic syndrome and insulin-resistant state. In addition to being written by pioneers in the area of cardiometabolic syndrome, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance, it carries a wealth of informative illustrations and detailed descriptions of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the insulin-resistant state.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"72_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)00051-X","volume":"102","author":"TH Mitchell","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mitchell TH, Nolan B, Henry M, et al.: Microalbuminuria in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus relates to nocturnal systolic blood pressure. Am J Med 1997, 102:531\u2013535.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"72_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01157.x","volume":"254","author":"CE Mogensen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mogensen CE: Microalbuminuria and hypertension with focus on type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Intern Med 2003, 254:45\u201366.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"72_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.70.3.255","volume":"70","author":"R Tagle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tagle R, Acevedo M, Vidt DG: Microalbuminuria: Is it a valid predictor of cardiovascular risk? Cleve Clin J Med 2003, 70:255\u2013261.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"72_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-3466.2003.tb00109.x","volume":"21","author":"SI McFarlane","year":"2003","unstructured":"McFarlane SI, Farag A, Sowers J: Calcium antagonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2003, 21:105\u2013118.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drug Rev"},{"key":"72_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02267822","volume":"8","author":"DH Streeten","year":"1998","unstructured":"Streeten DH, Anderson GH Jr: The role of delayed orthostatic hypotension in the pathogenesis of chronic fatigue. Clin Auton Res 1998, 8:119\u2013124.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"72_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.7.2.196","volume":"7","author":"DH Streeten","year":"1985","unstructured":"Streeten DH, Auchincloss JH Jr, Anderson GH Jr, et al.: Orthostatic hypertension: pathogenetic studies. Hypertension 1985, 7:196\u2013203.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.7.2174","volume":"26","author":"G Jacob","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jacob G, Costa F, Biaggioni I: Spectrum of autonomic cardiovascular neuropathy in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2174\u20132180.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"72_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)04311-6","volume":"351","author":"L Hansson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al.: Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet 1998, 351:1755\u20131762.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"72_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7160.703","volume":"317","author":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group","year":"1998","unstructured":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998, 317:703\u2013713.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"72_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","volume":"289","author":"AV Chobanian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al.: The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003, 289:2560\u20132572.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"72_CR52","first-page":"S80","volume":"26","author":"C Arauz-Pacheco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arauz-Pacheco C, Parrott MA, Raskin P: Treatment of hypertension in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26(Suppl 1):S80-S82.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"72_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2000.16225","volume":"36","author":"GL Bakris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bakris GL, Williams M, Dworkin L, et al.: Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: a consensus approach. National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group. Am J Kidney Dis 2000, 36:646\u2013661.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"72_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.23.2981","volume":"288","author":"ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group","year":"2002","unstructured":"ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002, 288:2981\u20132997.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"72_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200101043440101","volume":"344","author":"FM Sacks","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sacks FM, Svetkey LP, Vollmer WM, et al.: Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. DASHSodium Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:3\u201310.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704173361601","volume":"336","author":"LJ Appel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al.: A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med 1997, 336:1117\u20131124.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199311113292004","volume":"329","author":"EJ Lewis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Bain RP, Rohde RD: The effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. The Collaborative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:1456\u20131462.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-002-0092-4","volume":"2","author":"GL Bakris","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bakris GL, Sowers JR: Microalbuminuria in diabetes: focus on cardiovascular and renal risk reduction. Curr Diab Rep 2002, 2:258\u2013262.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"72_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)12323-7","volume":"355","author":"Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators","year":"2000","unstructured":"Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators: Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000, 355:253\u2013259.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"72_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30H","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00432-6","volume":"91","author":"SI McFarlane","year":"2003","unstructured":"McFarlane SI, Kumar A, Sowers JR: Mechanisms by which angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 2003, 91:30H-37H.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"72_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-003-0070-5","volume":"3","author":"SI McFarlane","year":"2003","unstructured":"McFarlane SI, Shin JJ, Rundek T, Bigger JT: Prevention of type 2 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2003, 3:235\u2013241.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"72_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)89163-1","volume":"77","author":"DM Shindler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shindler DM, Kostis JB, Yusuf S, et al.: Diabetes mellitus, a predictor of morbidity and mortality in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) Trials and Registry. Am J Cardiol 1996, 77:1017\u20131020.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"72_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001283","volume":"15","author":"EC Rake","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rake EC, Breeze E, Fletcher AE: Quality of life and cough on antihypertensive treatment: a randomised trial of eprosartan, enalapril and placebo. J Hum Hypertens 2001, 15:863\u2013867.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"72_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s003950050213","volume":"93","author":"MJ Kendall","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kendall MJ: Therapeutic advantages of AT1 blockers in hypertension. Basic Res Cardiol 1998, 93(Suppl 2):47\u201350.","journal-title":"Basic Res Cardiol"},{"key":"72_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011161","volume":"345","author":"BM Brenner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al.: Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:861\u2013869.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011489","volume":"345","author":"HH Parving","year":"2001","unstructured":"Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, et al.: The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:870\u2013878.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011303","volume":"345","author":"EJ Lewis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al.: Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:851\u2013860.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7160.713","volume":"317","author":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group","year":"1998","unstructured":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 39. BMJ 1998, 317:713\u2013720.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"72_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.4.718","volume":"25","author":"SI McFarlane","year":"2002","unstructured":"McFarlane SI, Jacober SJ, Winer N, et al.: Control of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes and hypertension at urban academic medical centers. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:718\u2013723.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"72_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2002.02045.x","volume":"4","author":"WC Cushman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, et al.: Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2002, 4:393\u2013405.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"72_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.1.12","volume":"37","author":"HR Black","year":"2001","unstructured":"Black HR, Elliott WJ, Neaton JD, et al.: Baseline characteristics and early blood pressure control in the CONVINCE Trial. Hypertension 2001, 37:12\u201318.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"72_CR72","first-page":"232","volume":"13","author":"WH Birkenhager","year":"2000","unstructured":"Birkenhager WH, Staessen JA, Gasowski J, de Leeuw PW: Effects of antihypertensive treatment on endpoints in the diabetic patients randomized in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial. J Nephrol 2000, 13:232\u2013237.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"72_CR73","first-page":"1073","volume":"92","author":"JM Mallion","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mallion JM, Benkritly A, Hansson L, Zanchetti A: [Effect of intensive antihypertensive treatment and of aspirin in a low dose in the hypertensive. The HOT (Hypertension Optimal Treatment) study]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1999, 92:1073\u20131078.","journal-title":"Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss"},{"key":"72_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.4.654","volume":"24","author":"JI Barzilay","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barzilay JI, Jones CL, Davis BR, et al.: Baseline characteristics of the diabetic participants in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Diabetes Care 2001, 24:654\u2013658.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"72_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2002.2041.x","volume":"5","author":"GL Bakris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bakris GL, Weir MR: Achieving goal blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes: conventional versus fixed-dose combination approaches. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2003, 5:202\u2013209.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"72_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7404.1427","volume":"326","author":"MR Law","year":"2003","unstructured":"Law MR, Wald NJ, Morris JK, Jordan RE: Value of low dose combination treatment with blood pressure lowering drugs: analysis of 354 randomised trials. BMJ 2003, 326:1427.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"72_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021778","volume":"348","author":"P Gaede","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, et al.: Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2003, 348:383\u2013393.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Current Hypertension Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11906-004-0072-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11906-004-0072-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11906-004-0072-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T14:06:15Z","timestamp":1707919575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11906-004-0072-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}},"alternative-id":["72"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-004-0072-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-6417","1534-3111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-6417","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3111","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}}}