{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:48:34Z","timestamp":1781880514973,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Hypertens Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-020-01113-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T16:03:29Z","timestamp":1603296209000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Female Sex, a Major Risk Factor for Salt-Sensitive Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Faulkner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Belin de Chantem\u00e8le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1113_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000170138.56903.7a","volume":"46","author":"E Dolan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, Hinedi K, Atkins N, McClory S, et al. Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome study. Hypertension. 2005;46(1):156\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.HYP.0000170138.56903.7a.","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"3","key":"1113_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03694","volume":"64","author":"P Palatini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palatini P, Reboldi G, Beilin LJ, Casiglia E, Eguchi K, Imai Y, et al. Added predictive value of night-time blood pressure variability for cardiovascular events and mortality: the Ambulatory Blood Pressure-International Study. Hypertension. 2014;64(3):487\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03694.","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"6","key":"1113_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.11087","volume":"71","author":"MZ Shukri","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Shukri MZ, Tan JW, Manosroi W, Pojoga LH, Rivera A, Williams JS, et al. Biological sex modulates the adrenal and blood pressure responses to angiotensin II. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):1083\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.11087Study that demonstrates that salt sensitivity is more prevalent in premenopausal women and associated with increased adrenal production of aldosterone.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"1113_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32835b3693","volume":"22","author":"RA Felder","year":"2013","unstructured":"Felder RA, White MJ, Williams SM, Jose PA. Diagnostic tools for hypertension and salt sensitivity testing. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2013;22(1):65\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32835b3693.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"issue":"9","key":"1113_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-016-0677-y","volume":"18","author":"R Iatrino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iatrino R, Manunta P, Zagato L. Salt sensitivity: challenging and controversial phenotype of primary hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2016;18(9):70. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-016-0677-y.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"1113_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"II127","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.8.6_pt_2.ii127","volume":"8","author":"MH Weinberger","year":"1986","unstructured":"Weinberger MH, Miller JZ, Luft FC, Grim CE, Fineberg NS. Definitions and characteristics of sodium sensitivity and blood pressure resistance. Hypertension. 1986;8(6 Pt 2):II127\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.hyp.8.6_pt_2.ii127.","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"2","key":"1113_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.03.070","volume":"94","author":"GA Bray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bray GA, Vollmer WM, Sacks FM, Obarzanek E, Svetkey LP, Appel LJ, et al. A further subgroup analysis of the effects of the DASH diet and three dietary sodium levels on blood pressure: results of the DASH-Sodium Trial. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94(2):222\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.03.070.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1113_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-009-0088-4","volume":"12","author":"J Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen J. Sodium sensitivity of blood pressure in Chinese populations. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2010;12(2):127\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-009-0088-4.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1113_CR9","first-page":"323","volume":"3","author":"P Elliott","year":"1989","unstructured":"Elliott P, Dyer A, Stamler R. The INTERSALT study: results for 24 hour sodium and potassium, by age and sex. INTERSALT Co-operative Research Group. J Hum Hypertens. 1989;3(5):323\u201330.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"1113_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2009.31","volume":"32","author":"T Michikawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Michikawa T, Nishiwaki Y, Okamura T, Asakura K, Nakano M, Takebayashi T. The taste of salt measured by a simple test and blood pressure in Japanese women and men. Hypertens Res. 2009;32(5):399\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/hr.2009.31.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1113_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0120111","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120111","volume":"10","author":"M Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee M, Kim MK, Kim SM, Park H, Park CG, Park HK. Gender-based differences on the association between salt-sensitive genes and obesity in Korean children aged between 8 and 9 years. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0120111.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"1113_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4070\/kcj.2014.44.1.30","volume":"44","author":"MY Rhee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rhee MY, Kim JH, Kim YS, Chung JW, Bae JH, Nah DY, et al. High sodium intake in women with metabolic syndrome. Korean Circ J. 2014;44(1):30\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4070\/kcj.2014.44.1.30.","journal-title":"Korean Circ J"},{"issue":"8","key":"1113_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20154455","volume":"48","author":"SL Rodrigues","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodrigues SL, Souza Junior PR, Pimentel EB, Baldo MP, Malta DC, Mill JG, et al. Relationship between salt consumption measured by 24-h urine collection and blood pressure in the adult population of Vitoria (Brazil). Braz J Med Biol Res. 2015;48(8):728\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1414-431X20154455.","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1113_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90061-f","volume":"32","author":"FW Flynn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Flynn FW, Schulkin J, Havens M. Sex differences in salt preference and taste reactivity in rats. Brain Res Bull. 1993;32(2):91\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90061-f.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"1113_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.05.013","volume":"93","author":"J Santollo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santollo J, Torregrossa AM, Daniels D. Sex differences in the drinking response to angiotensin II (AngII): effect of body weight. Horm Behav. 2017;93:128\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2017.05.013.","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"1113_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(72)90358-7","volume":"8","author":"J Krecek","year":"1972","unstructured":"Krecek J, Novakova V, Stibral K. Sex differences in the taste preference for a salt solution in the rat. Physiol Behav. 1972;8(2):183\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0031-9384(72)90358-7.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"1113_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0735-7044.106.1.172","volume":"106","author":"SY Chow","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chow SY, Sakai RR, Witcher JA, Adler NT, Epstein AN. Sex and sodium intake in the rat. Behav Neurosci. 1992;106(1):172\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0735-7044.106.1.172.","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1113_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/5.1.1","volume":"5","author":"S Kojima","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kojima S, Murakami K, Kimura G, Sanai T, Yoshida K, Imanishi M, et al. A gender difference in the association between salt sensitivity and family history of hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1992;5(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"6","key":"1113_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11303","volume":"72","author":"JL Faulkner","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Faulkner JL, Harwood D, Bender L, Shrestha L, Brands MW, Morwitzer MJ, et al. Lack of suppression of aldosterone production leads to salt-sensitive hypertension in female but not male Balb\/C mice. Hypertension. 2018;72(6):1397\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11303Study demonstrating that a high-salt diet induces increased aldosterone production, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension only in female mice, which is abrogated by MR antagonism.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"1113_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13822","volume":"75","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhu J, Wei J, Jiang S, Xu L, Qu L, et al. New mechanism for the sex differences in salt-sensitive hypertension: the role of macula Densa NOS1beta-mediated tubuloglomerular feedback. Hypertension. 2020;75(2):449\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13822.","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"12","key":"1113_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017030295","volume":"28","author":"LC Veiras","year":"2017","unstructured":"Veiras LC, Girardi ACC, Curry J, Pei L, Ralph DL, Tran A, et al. Sexual dimorphic pattern of renal transporters and electrolyte homeostasis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;28(12):3504\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2017030295.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1113_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1893","volume":"91","author":"NS Stachenfeld","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stachenfeld NS, Splenser AE, Calzone WL, Taylor MP, Keefe DL. Sex differences in osmotic regulation of AVP and renal sodium handling. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2001;91(4):1893\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1893.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"1113_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101489","volume":"31","author":"T Mitchell","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u2022 Mitchell T, De Miguel C, Gohar EY. Sex differences in redox homeostasis in renal disease. Redox Biol. 2020;31:101489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101489Review summarizing salt-sensitive renal dysfunction mechanisms in males.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1113_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00011.2018","volume":"33","author":"AV Pai","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 Pai AV, Maddox T, Sandberg K. T cells and hypertension: solved and unsolved mysteries regarding the female rat. Physiology (Bethesda). 2018;33(4):254\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00011.2018Review summarizing sex-specific renal inflammatory mechanisms in the Dahl salt-sensitive rat model.","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1113_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1536\/ihj.24.79","volume":"24","author":"M Ishii","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ishii M, Atarashi K, Ikeda T, Hirata Y, Igari T, Uehara Y, et al. Role of the aldosterone system in the salt-sensitivity of patients with benign essential hypertension. Jpn Heart J. 1983;24(1):79\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1536\/ihj.24.79.","journal-title":"Jpn Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1113_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12177","volume":"40","author":"W Kawarazaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kawarazaki W, Fujita T. Aberrant Rac1-mineralocorticoid receptor pathways in salt-sensitive hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2013;40(12):929\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1681.12177.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1113_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4296","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1416","volume":"155","author":"B Caroccia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caroccia B, Seccia TM, Campos AG, Gioco F, Kuppusamy M, Ceolotto G, et al. GPER-1 and estrogen receptor-beta ligands modulate aldosterone synthesis. Endocrinology. 2014;155(11):4296\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2014-1416.","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"issue":"2","key":"1113_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2019.04.012","volume":"25","author":"A Grabek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grabek A, Dolfi B, Klein B, Jian-Motamedi F, Chaboissier MC, Schedl A. The adult adrenal cortex undergoes rapid tissue renewal in a sex-specific manner. Cell Stem Cell. 2019;25(2):290\u20136 e2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2019.04.012.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1113_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1159\/000369138","volume":"128","author":"S Gwoo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gwoo S, Kim YN, Shin HS, Jung YS, Rim H. Predictors of hyperkalemia risk after hypertension control with aldosterone blockade according to the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease. Nephron Clin Pract. 2014;128(3\u20134):381\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000369138.","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"1113_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-8062.2009.00094.x","volume":"2","author":"RM Kanashiro-Takeuchi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kanashiro-Takeuchi RM, Heidecker B, Lamirault G, Dharamsi JW, Hare JM. Sex-specific impact of aldosterone receptor antagonism on ventricular remodeling and gene expression after myocardial infarction. Clin Transl Sci. 2009;2(2):134\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1752-8062.2009.00094.x.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1113_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.234","volume":"21","author":"O Olivieri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olivieri O, Pizzolo F, Ciacciarelli A, Corrocher R, Signorelli D, Falcone S, et al. Menopause not aldosterone-to-renin ratio predicts blood pressure response to a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in primary care hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens. 2008;21(9):976\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajh.2008.234.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"1113_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brooks DL, Garza AE, Caliskan Guzelce E, Gholami SK, Treesaranuwattana T, Maris S et al. mTORC1 deficiency modifies volume homeostatic responses to dietary sodium in a sex-specific manner. Endocrinology. 2020;1;161(5):bqaa041 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa041.","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa041"},{"issue":"3","key":"1113_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12802","volume":"74","author":"JL Faulkner","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Faulkner JL, Kennard S, Huby AC, Antonova G, Lu Q, Jaffe IZ, et al. Progesterone predisposes females to obesity-associated leptin-mediated endothelial dysfunction via upregulating endothelial MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) expression. Hypertension. 2019;74(3):678\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12802Study demonstrating that endothelial MR expression is endogenously increased in female mice and humans, which is driven by endothelial progesterone receptor activation.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1113_CR34","unstructured":"\u2022 Faulkner JL, D, Kennard S, Antonova G, Clere N, Belin de Chantem\u00e8le EJ. Dietary sodium restriction sex-specifically impairs endothelial function via mineralocorticoid receptor-dependent reduction in NO bioavailability in Balb\/C mice. In revision at Am J Physiol Heart Circ. Study demonstrating that low-salt diet\u2013induced aldosterone production induces vascular dysfunction via reductions in NO bioavailability."},{"key":"1113_CR35","unstructured":"\u2022 Faulkner JL, E, Kennard S, Antonova G, Jaffe IZ, Belin de Chantem\u00e8le EJ. Selective deletion of endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor protects from vascular dysfunction in sodium restricted female mice. In revision at Biology of Sex Differences. Study demonstrates that low-salt diet\u2013induced aldosterone production leads to vascular dysfunction in female mice which is ablated by endothelial MR deletion."},{"issue":"9","key":"1113_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017923","volume":"133","author":"RC Morris Jr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morris RC Jr, Schmidlin O, Sebastian A, Tanaka M, Kurtz TW. Vasodysfunction that involves renal vasodysfunction, not abnormally increased renal retention of sodium, accounts for the initiation of salt-induced hypertension. Circulation. 2016;133(9):881\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017923.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"1","key":"1113_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-018-0122-5","volume":"42","author":"TW Kurtz","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022 Kurtz TW, DiCarlo SE, Pravenec M, Morris RC. Changing views on the common physiologic abnormality that mediates salt sensitivity and initiation of salt-induced hypertension: Japanese research underpinning the vasodysfunction theory of salt sensitivity. Hypertens Res. 2019;42(1):6\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-018-0122-5Summary of a Japanese study that indicates that high dietary sodium induces renal vascular, rather than tubular, dysfunction which underlies salt-induced hypertension.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1113_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.16.3.235","volume":"16","author":"T Fujita","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fujita T, Ando K, Ogata E. Systemic and regional hemodynamics in patients with salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertension. 1990;16(3):235\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.hyp.16.3.235.","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"issue":"6 Suppl 1","key":"1113_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.36.6.194","volume":"36","author":"AL Mark","year":"1975","unstructured":"Mark AL, Lawton WJ, Abboud FM, Fitz AE, Connor WE, Heistad DD. Effects of high and low sodium intake on arterial pressure and forearm vascular resistance in borderline hypertension. A preliminary report. Circ Res. 1975;36(6 Suppl 1):194\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.res.36.6.194.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1113_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.51.4.457","volume":"51","author":"A Takeshita","year":"1982","unstructured":"Takeshita A, Imaizumi T, Ashihara T, Nakamura M. Characteristics of responses to salt loading and deprivation in hypertensive subjects. Circ Res. 1982;51(4):457\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.res.51.4.457.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1113_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1159\/000501747","volume":"44","author":"L Baric","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baric L, Drenjancevic I, Matic A, Stupin M, Kolar L, Mihaljevic Z, et al. Seven-day salt loading impairs microvascular endothelium-dependent vasodilation without changes in blood pressure, body composition and fluid status in healthy young humans. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2019;44(4):835\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000501747.","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"1113_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018226","volume":"132","author":"AC Huby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huby AC, Antonova G, Groenendyk J, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Bollag WB, Filosa JA, et al. Adipocyte-derived hormone leptin is a direct regulator of aldosterone secretion, which promotes endothelial dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis. Circulation. 2015;132(22):2134\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018226.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"5","key":"1113_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06642","volume":"67","author":"AC Huby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Huby AC, Otvos L Jr, Belin de Chantemele EJ. Leptin induces hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via aldosterone-dependent mechanisms in obese female mice. Hypertension. 2016;67(5):1020\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06642.","journal-title":"Hypertension."},{"key":"1113_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Suboc TM, Dharmashankar K, Wang J, Ying R, Couillard A, Tanner MJ et al. Moderate obesity and endothelial dysfunction in humans: influence of gender and systemic inflammation. Physiol Rep. 2013;1(3):e00058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phy2.58.","DOI":"10.1002\/phy2.58"},{"issue":"1","key":"1113_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.01.088","volume":"61","author":"ME Safar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Safar ME, Balkau B, Lange C, Protogerou AD, Czernichow S, Blacher J, et al. Hypertension and vascular dynamics in men and women with metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(1):12\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.01.088.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1113_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"\u2022 Davel AP, Lu Q, Moss ME, Rao S, Anwar IJ, DuPont JJ et al. Sex-specific mechanisms of resistance vessel endothelial dysfunction induced by cardiometabolic risk factors. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(4):e007675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.007675. Study demonstrating that endothelial MR activation is a critical sex-specific mediator of endothelial dysfunction in female mice.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007675"},{"issue":"19","key":"1113_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006","volume":"71","author":"PK Whelton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE Jr, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(19):e127\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.006.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1113_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meyer HE, Johansson L, Eggen AE, Johansen H, Holvik K. Sodium and potassium intake assessed by spot and 24-h urine in the population-based Tromso study 2015\u20132016. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11071619.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071619"},{"issue":"12","key":"1113_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.1156","volume":"319","author":"ME Cogswell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cogswell ME, Loria CM, Terry AL, Zhao L, Wang CY, Chen TC, et al. Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium excretion in US adults. JAMA. 2018;319(12):1209\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.1156.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"1","key":"1113_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.6118\/jmm.2014.20.1.1","volume":"20","author":"JM Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim JM, Kim TH, Lee HH, Lee SH, Wang T. Postmenopausal hypertension and sodium sensitivity. J Menopausal Med. 2014;20(1):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6118\/jmm.2014.20.1.1.","journal-title":"J Menopausal Med"}],"container-title":["Current Hypertension Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11906-020-01113-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11906-020-01113-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11906-020-01113-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T23:48:26Z","timestamp":1634773706000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11906-020-01113-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1113"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-020-01113-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-6417","1534-3111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-6417","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3111","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 October 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"99"}}