{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T06:09:50Z","timestamp":1780553390006,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Hypertens Rep"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-025-01358-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T13:22:34Z","timestamp":1767619354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptors in the Treatment of Primary Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jehan Zahid","family":"Bahrainwala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivek","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1358_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Hypertension. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hypertension"},{"key":"1358_CR2","unstructured":"American Heart Association\/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. 2025 guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults. Circulation. 2025."},{"issue":"38","key":"1358_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178","volume":"45","author":"JW McEvoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"McEvoy JW, de la Sierra A, Kjeldsen SE, Schmieder RE, Varon J, Weber MA, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(38):3912\u20134018.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"13","key":"1358_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.068064","volume":"125","author":"SL Daugherty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daugherty SL, Powers JD, Magid DJ, Tavel HM, Masoudi FA, Margolis KL, et al. Incidence and prognosis of resistant hypertension in hypertensive patients. Circulation. 2012;125(13):1635\u201342.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1358_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2014.03.003","volume":"8","author":"MR Irvin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Irvin MR, Booth JN 3rd, Shimbo D, Lackland DT, Oparil S, Howard G, et al. Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension and risk for stroke, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2014;8(6):405\u201313.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"1358_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2015.142","volume":"88","author":"JJ Sim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sim JJ, Bhandari SK, Shi J, Reynolds K, Calhoun DA, Kalantar-Zadeh K, et al. Comparative risk of renal, cardiovascular, and mortality outcomes in controlled, uncontrolled resistant, and nonresistant hypertension. Kidney Int. 2015;88(3):622\u201332.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"1358_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20070123","volume":"113","author":"AM Marney","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marney AM, Brown NJ. Aldosterone and end-organ damage. Clin Sci (Lond). 2007;113(6):267\u201378.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1358_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01410210","volume":"5","author":"RW Schrier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schrier RW, Masoumi A, Elhassan E. Aldosterone: role in edematous disorders, hypertension, chronic renal failure, and metabolic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5(6):1132\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1358_CR9","first-page":"221","volume":"27","author":"TM MacDonald","year":"1989","unstructured":"MacDonald TM, et al. Spironolactone in the treatment of essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1989;27(2):221\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1358_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(03)01032-X","volume":"16","author":"MK Nishizaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, Calhoun DA. Efficacy of low-dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16(11):925\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"11","key":"1358_CR11","first-page":"4054","volume":"91","author":"GH Williams","year":"2006","unstructured":"Williams GH, et al. Eplerenone versus Enalapril in patients with essential hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(11):4054\u201361.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"19","key":"1358_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","volume":"289","author":"AV Chobanian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the joint National committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC 7). JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560\u201372.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"1358_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284427","volume":"311","author":"PA James","year":"2014","unstructured":"James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 Evidence-Based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults. JAMA. 2014;311(5):507\u201320.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1358_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2022.2060598","volume":"135","author":"E Lerma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lerma E, White WB, Bakris G. Effectiveness of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Postgrad Med. 2023;135(3):224\u201333.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"9489","key":"1358_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67185-1","volume":"366","author":"B Dahl\u00f6f","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dahl\u00f6f B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with amlodipine\u2009\u00b1\u2009perindopril vs atenolol\u2009\u00b1\u2009bendroflumethiazide (ASCOT-BPLA). Lancet. 2005;366(9489):895\u2013906.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"1358_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000259805.18468.8c","volume":"49","author":"N Chapman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chapman N, et al. Effect of spironolactone on blood pressure in subjects with resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2007;49(4):839\u201345.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"11","key":"1358_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpv031","volume":"28","author":"K Dahal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dahal K, et al. The effects of aldosterone antagonists in patients with resistant hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized and nonrandomized studies. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(11):1376\u201385.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"10008","key":"1358_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00257-3","volume":"386","author":"B Williams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant S, et al. Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and Doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2). Lancet. 2015;386(10008):2059\u201368.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1358_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30071-8","volume":"6","author":"B Williams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant SV, Webb DJ, Sever P, McInnes GT, et al. Endocrine and haemodynamic changes in resistant hypertension, and blood pressure responses to spironolactone or amiloride: the PATHWAY-2 mechanisms substudies. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2018;6(6):464\u201375.","journal-title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1358_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480","volume":"41","author":"G Mancia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunstrom M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, et al. 2023 ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2023;41(12):1874\u20132071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"20","key":"1358_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E549","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.241770","volume":"197","author":"R Goupil","year":"2025","unstructured":"Goupil R, Tsuyuki RT, Santesso N, Terenzi KA, Habert J, Cheng G, et al. Hypertension Canada guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in adults in primary care. CMAJ. 2025;197(20):E549\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.241770.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1358_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F325","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00415.2020","volume":"320","author":"Z Gray","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gray Z, et al. Aldosterone sensitivity: an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis of hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2021;320(3):F325\u201335.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1358_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23385","volume":"81","author":"SS Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah SS, et al. Update on low-renin hypertension: current understanding and future direction. Hypertension. 2024;81(10):2038\u201348.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"1358_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0065","volume":"173","author":"JM Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown JM, Siddiqui M, Calhoun DA, Carey RM, Hopkins PN, Williams GH, et al. The unrecognized prevalence of primary aldosteronism: a cross-sectional study. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(1):10\u201320.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1358_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02519.x","volume":"21","author":"RD Gordon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gordon RD, Stowasser M, Tunny TJ, Klemm SA, Rutherford JC. High incidence of primary aldosteronism in 199 patients referred with hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1994;21(4):315\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1994.tb02519.x.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"1358_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03090030022005","volume":"193","author":"JW Conn","year":"1965","unstructured":"Conn JW, Cohen EL, Rovner DR, Nesbit RM. Normokalemic primary aldosteronism: a detectable cause of curable essential hypertension. JAMA. 1965;193:200\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1965.03090030022005.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"1358_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.059","volume":"48","author":"GP Rossi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rossi GP, Bernini G, Caliumi C, et al. A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(11):2293\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.059.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1358_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023082","volume":"10","author":"J Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu J, Shen H, Huo P, Yang J, Fuller PJ, Wang K, et al. Heightened cardiovascular risk in hypertension associated with renin-independent aldosteronism versus renin-dependent aldosteronism: a collaborative study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:e023082.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1358_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-023-00891-1","volume":"38","author":"SJ Shah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shah SJ, Stone AJ, Ramaswamy K, et al. Efficacy and safety of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for low-renin hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens. 2024;38:383\u201392.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"9","key":"1358_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf284","volume":"110","author":"GK Adler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adler GK, Stowasser M, Correa RR, Khan N, Kline G, McGowan MJ, et al. Primary aldosteronism: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025;110(9):2453\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf284.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"1358_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","volume":"105","author":"PE Stevens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stevens PE, et al. KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2024;105(4 Suppl):S117\u2013314.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1358_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01040905","volume":"1","author":"A Chrysostomou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chrysostomou A, Pedagogos E, MacGregor L, Becker GJ. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effect of the aldosterone receptor antagonist spironolactone in patients who have persistent proteinuria and are on long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, with or without an angiotensin II receptor blocker. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1(2):256\u201362.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1358_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001854","volume":"70","author":"S Bianchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Campese VM. Long-term effects of spironolactone on proteinuria and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2006;70(12):2116\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ki.5001854.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"1358_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","volume":"341","author":"B Pitt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, Cody R, Castaigne A, Perez A, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(10):709\u201317.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"1358_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030207","volume":"348","author":"B Pitt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, Neaton J, Martinez F, Roniker B, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(14):1309\u201321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"1358_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1313731","volume":"370","author":"B Pitt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Assmann SF, Boineau R, Anand IS, Claggett B, et al. Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(15):1383\u201392.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1358_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009492","volume":"364","author":"F Zannad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, van Veldhuisen DJ, Swedberg K, Shi H, et al. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(1):11\u201321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10208","key":"1358_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32135-X","volume":"394","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Rossignol P, Romero A, Garza D, Mayo MR, Warren S, et al. Patiromer versus placebo to enable spironolactone use in patients with resistant hypertension and chronic kidney disease (AMBER): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;394(10208):1540\u201350.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"1358_CR39","first-page":"e895","volume":"145","author":"PA Heidenreich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, et al. 2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895\u20131032.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1358_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176752","volume":"979","author":"O Blazek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blazek O, Bakris GL. A review of novel endothelin antagonists and overview of non-steroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists for treating resistant hypertension: an update. Eur J Pharmacol. 2024;979:176752.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1358_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac234","volume":"16","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Pitt B, Palmer BF, Kovesdy CP, Burgess E, Filippatos G, et al. A comparative post hoc analysis of finerenone and spironolactone in resistant hypertension in moderate-to-advanced chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J. 2023;16(2):293\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfac234.","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"1358_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476029","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1476029","volume":"11","author":"S Zhai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhai S, Ma L, Chen X, Zhao Y. A comprehensive review of finerenone\u2014a third-generation non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024;11:1476029.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"1358_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","volume":"383","author":"GL Bakris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bakris GL, Agarwal R, Anker SD, Pitt B, Ruilope LM, Rossing P, et al. Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(23):2219\u201329.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1358_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057983","volume":"145","author":"G Filippatos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Filippatos G, et al. Finerenone reduces risk of incident heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: analyses from the FIGARO-DKD trial. Circulation. 2022;145(6):437\u201347.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"31","key":"1358_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000043615","volume":"104","author":"ABM Kamrul-Hasan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kamrul-Hasan ABM, et al. Safety of esaxerenone (CS-3150) and its impacts on blood pressure and renal function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104(31):e43615.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"16","key":"1358_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165663","volume":"14","author":"A Hafez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hafez A, et al. Efficacy and safety of esaxerenone for essential hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Med. 2025;14(16):5663.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1358_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17073","volume":"78","author":"GL Bakris","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bakris GL, Pergola PE, Delgado B, Genov D, Doliashvili T, Vo N, et al. Effect of KBP-5074 on blood pressure in advanced chronic kidney disease: results of the BLOCK-CKD study. Hypertension. 2021;78(1):74\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.17073.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1358_CR48","unstructured":"Novo Nordisk AS. Novo Nordisk stops the ocedurenone CLARION-CKD trial and recognises impairment loss [press release]. 2024 Jun 26."},{"issue":"10518","key":"1358_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)02014-8","volume":"406","author":"HJL Heerspink","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heerspink HJL, Cardona JF, Jolly S, et al. Balcinrenone in combination with dapagliflozin compared with dapagliflozin alone in patients with chronic kidney disease and albuminuria: a randomised, active-controlled double-blind, phase 2b clinical trial. Lancet. 2025;406(10518):2449\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)02014-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1358_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2025.09","volume":"11","author":"SK Patel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Patel SK, Teoh HT, Saunthar A, Yau TM, Verma S. The emerging role of aldosterone synthase inhibitors in overcoming renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system therapy limitations: a narrative review. Card Fail Rev. 2025;11:e20.","journal-title":"Card Fail Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1358_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2213169","volume":"388","author":"MW Freeman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freeman MW, Halvorsen Y-D, Marshall W, Wang T, Xia Y, Khetarpal V, et al. Phase 2 trial of Baxdrostat for treatment-resistant hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(5):395\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2213169.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1358_CR52","unstructured":"AstraZeneca. Baxdrostat Met the primary and all secondary endpoints in BaxHTN phase III trial in patients with uncontrolled or treatment-resistant hypertension [press release]. 2025 Jul 14."},{"issue":"12","key":"1358_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.16029","volume":"330","author":"LJ Laffin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laffin LJ, Rodman D, Luther JM, Wingo CS, Hu B, Kopjar B, et al. Aldosterone synthase inhibition with Lorundrostat for uncontrolled hypertension: the Target-HTN randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;330(12):1140\u201350.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1358_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2501440","volume":"392","author":"LJ Laffin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Laffin LJ, Kopjar B, Melgaard C, et al. Lorundrostat efficacy and safety in patients with uncontrolled and treatment-resistant hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2025;392:1813\u201323.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1358_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102576","volume":"71","author":"P Mulatero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mulatero P, Wuerzner G, Groessl M, Sconfienza E, Damianaki A, Forestitiero V, et al. Safety and efficacy of once-daily dexfadrostat phosphate in patients with primary aldosteronism: a randomised, parallel group, multicentre, phase 2 trial. eClinicalMedicine. 2024;71:102576.","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"1358_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2508629","volume":"393","author":"AF Turcu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Turcu AF, Freeman MW, Bancos I, Ben-Shlomo A, Hamidi O, Hamrahian AH, et al. Phase 2a study of Baxdrostat in primary aldosteronism. N Engl J Med. 2025;393(5):515\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2508629.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Current Hypertension Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11906-025-01358-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11906-025-01358-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11906-025-01358-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T01:02:51Z","timestamp":1767661371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11906-025-01358-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-025-01358-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-3111"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-3111","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"J.Z.V has received has received consultancy fees from Astra-Zeneca. V.B. has received consultancy fees from Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, Idorsia, and Medtronic. V.B. conducts research with Astra-Zeneca, and has received research funding from Idorsia. V.B. has received funding from the American Heart Association and the National Institutes of Health. No funding was utilized for the submission of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7"}}