{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T17:02:21Z","timestamp":1648832541509},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Science Inc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-999-0060-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,24]],"date-time":"2007-05-24T17:08:23Z","timestamp":1180026503000},"page":"431-435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers in the prevention of progression of renal disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"C. Venkata S.","family":"Ram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Vergne-Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"60_CR1","first-page":"S86","volume":"30","author":"US Renal Data Systems","year":"1997","unstructured":"US Renal Data Systems: USRDS 1997 Annual Data Report: V. Patient mortality and survival. Bethesda, MD: The National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1997, 30(suppl 1):S86-S106. This is a comprehensive report on the prevalence of and outlook for patients with chronic renal disease in the United States. The report unravels mortality and survival data for patients with ESRD. Attributes characterizing the prognosis of patients with ESRD are discussed in this article.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"60_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410050036006","volume":"153","author":"J Stamler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD: Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic and cardiovascular risks: U.S. Population Data. Arch Intern Med 1993, 153:598\u2013615. This review illustrates the prognostic significance of diastolic as well as systolic blood pressure in American adults. The authors provide convincing evidence to illustrate the linear relationship between the blood pressure level and morbidity\/mortality. The risks of high blood pressure are clearly and succinctly revealed in this article.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"60_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-6386(95)90101-9","volume":"25","author":"J Tomita","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tomita J, Kimura G, Inoue T, et al.: Role of systolic blood pressure in determining prognosis of hemodialyzed patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1995, 25:405\u2013412.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"60_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1159\/000182627","volume":"31","author":"P DeGoulet","year":"1982","unstructured":"DeGoulet P, Legrain M, Reach I, et al.: Mortality risk factors in patients treated with chronic hemodialysis. Nephron 1982, 31:103\u2013110. This article defines the spectrum of cardiovascular risk factors that contribute to the mortality in patients with ESRD. The study identifies the impact of high blood pressure on the survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis.","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"60_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.156","volume":"41","author":"JM Fernandez","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fernandez JM, Carbonnel ME, Mazzuchi N: Simultaneous analysis of morbidity and mortality factors in chronic hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1992, 41:1029\u20131034.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"60_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.326","volume":"44","author":"G Cannella","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cannella G, Pauletti E, Delfino R, et al.: Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive dialyzed uremic patients on long-term antihypertensive therapy. Kidney Int 1993, 44:881\u2013886. This paper demonstrates the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) as a surrogate result of hypertension in patients with chronic renal failure. Importantly, the study shows that with sustained antihypertensive therapy, it is possible to reverse LVH, which is a desirable therapeutic goal in the management of hypertension.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"60_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V471486","volume":"4","author":"JD Harnett","year":"1994","unstructured":"Harnett JD, Kent GM, Barre PE, et al.: Risk factors for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in a prospectively followed cohort of dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 1994, 4:1486\u20131490.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"60_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.7.6_Pt_2.II118","volume":"7","author":"E Ritz","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ritz E, Strympf C, Katz F, et al.: Hypertension and cardiovascular factors in hemodialyzed diabetic patients. Hypertension 1985, 7:118\u2013124. This article reviews the inter-relationship of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients with ESRD. The study also underscores the critical importance of hypertension in diabetic nephropathy; therapeutic implications are discussed.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"60_CR9","first-page":"129","volume":"3","author":"M Tozawa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tozawa M, Iseki K, Fukiyama K: Hypertension in dialysis patients: a cross-sectional analysis. Jpn J Nephrol 1997, 3:129\u2013135.","journal-title":"Jpn J Nephrol"},{"key":"60_CR10","first-page":"238","volume":"35","author":"KS Ang","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ang KS, Simon P, Cam G: Ambulatory blood pressure during the interdialytic period in uremic patients treated by hemodialysis. Kidney Int 1989, 35:238.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"60_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80954-1","volume":"19","author":"JS Cheigh","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cheigh JS, Milite C, Sullivan JF, et al.: Hypertension is not adequately controlled in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1992, 19:453\u2013459. This study reveals that blood pressure is poorly controlled in hemodialysis patients. There might be multiple mechanisms responsible for inadequate control of hypertension in the ESRD patients. This paper reaffirms the urgent need to manage hypertension more effectively and aggressively in patients with ESRD.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"60_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-6386(95)90492-1","volume":"26","author":"MM Salem","year":"1995","unstructured":"Salem MM: Hypertension in the hemodialysis population: a survey of 649 patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1995, 26:461\u2013468.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"60_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80226-5","volume":"99","author":"LM Laffel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Laffel LM, McGill JB, Gans DJ: The beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on diabetic nephropathy in normotensive IDDM patients with microalbuminuria. North American Microalbuminuria Study Group. Am J Med 1995, 99:497\u2013503.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"60_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03510280037029","volume":"271","author":"G Viberti","year":"1994","unstructured":"Viberti G, Morgensen CE, Groop LC, Pauls JF: Effect of captopril on clinical proteinuria in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. European Microalbuminuria captopril Study Group. JAMA 1994, 271:275\u2013279.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"60_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199311113292004","volume":"329","author":"JE Lewis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lewis JE, Hunsicker LG, Baine RP, Rohde RD: The effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med 1993, 329:1456\u20131462. This prospective, randomized clinical trial shows that long-term ACE inhibitor therapy in subjects with diabetic nephropathy is not only safe but prolongs the predialytic interval and arrests the progression of renal disease.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"60_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604113341502","volume":"334","author":"G Maschio","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maschio G, Alberti D, Janin G, et al.: Effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme benazepril in progression of chronic renal insufficiency. N Engl J Med 1996, 334:939\u2013945.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"60_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-5-199709010-00001","volume":"127","author":"I Giatras","year":"1997","unstructured":"Giatras I, Lau J, Levey AS, for the ACE inhibition and progressive renal disease study group: Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on the progression of non-diabetic renal disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Ann Intern Med 1997, 127:337\u2013345. This paper offers a broad meta-analysis of well-done clinical trials using ACE inhibition therapy for renal protection; in this review, the authors discuss the similarities and differences among the studies analyzed. The overall comprehensive analysis points to the potential benefit of ACE inhibitors to retard the progression of renal disease.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"60_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-199709000-00014","volume":"6","author":"P Ruggeneti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ruggeneti P, Remuzzi G: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor therapy for non-diabetic progressive renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1997, 6:489\u2013494.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"60_CR19","first-page":"S239","volume":"10","author":"NK Hollenberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hollenberg NK: Pharmacologic interruption of the reninangiotensin system and the kidney: differential responses to angiotensin converting enzyme and renin inhibition. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999, 10:S239-S242.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"60_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410210044006","volume":"153","author":"NK Hollenberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hollenberg NK, Raij L: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and renal protection: an assessment of implications for therapy. Arch Intern Med 1993, 153:2426\u20132435.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"60_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00041552-199509000-00010","volume":"4","author":"JM Bayer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bayer JM: Are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors the renal protective antihypertensive drugs of choice? Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1995, 4:427\u2013431.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"60_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70181-2","volume":"33","author":"T Keilani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Keilani T, Danesh F, Schlueter WA, et al.: A supdepressor low dose of ramipril lowers urinary protein excretion without increasing plasma potassium. Am J Kidney Dis 1999, 33:450\u2013457. This clinical study proves that the antiproteinuric effects of ACE inhibitors occur at doses that do not produce a fall in systemic blood pressure. ACE inhibitors can influence the glomerular dynamics independent of their systemic hemodynamic effects. This finding may have a clinical bearing on the application of ACE inhibitors in those patients with diabetic nephropathy who have normal or low blood pressure.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"60_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.279","volume":"44","author":"V Kon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kon V, Fogo A, Ichikawa I, et al.: Bradykinin causes selective efferent arteriolar dilation during angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition. Kidney Int 1993, 44:545\u2013550.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"60_CR24","first-page":"F58","volume":"37","author":"R Komers","year":"1995","unstructured":"Komers R, Cooper ME: Acute renal hemodynamic effects of ACE inhibition in diabetic hyperfiltration: role of kinins. Am J Physiol 1995, 37:F58-F594. This paper demonstrates the role of intrarenal bradykinin system in regulating the glomerular filtration characteristics; the effects of ACE inhibition on the kidney may be modulated by bradykinin. If this is the case, ACE inhibitors, not the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be beneficial to correct the glomerular hyperfiltration in diabetes.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"60_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.28.5.825","volume":"28","author":"R Veelken","year":"1996","unstructured":"Veelken R, Hilgers KF, Setter A, et al.: Nerve mediated antidiuresis and anti-natriuresis after air-jet stress is modulated by angiotensin II. 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ARBs (like ACE inhibitors) may exert a renoprotective effect independent of their blood pressure lowering effect.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"60_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V9122223","volume":"9","author":"J Plum","year":"1998","unstructured":"Plum J, Bunten B, Nemeth R, Grabenesee B: Effects of the angiotensin II antagonist valsartan on blood pressure, proteinuria and renal hemodynamics in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 1998, 9:2223\u20132234. This clinical study shows that ARBs have a favorable effect on renal hemodynamics and glomerular function in patients with chronic renal failure. 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