{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T15:44:02Z","timestamp":1792338242505,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381536000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Infect Dis Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-013-0385-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,11]],"date-time":"2013-10-11T13:48:48Z","timestamp":1381499328000},"page":"631-635","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: Challenges and Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jerome H.","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farrah J.","family":"Mateen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"385_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","volume":"380","author":"CJL Murray","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murray CJL, Vos T, Lozano R, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2197\u2013223.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"385_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Global tuberculosis report 2012. Available at http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/75938\/1\/9789241564502_eng.pdf . Accessed May 2013."},{"key":"385_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1200894","volume":"368","author":"A Zumla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zumla A, Raviglione M, Hafner R, et al. Current concepts: tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:745\u201355.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"385_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02319-10","volume":"49","author":"V Vadwai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vadwai V, Boehme C, Nabeta P, et al. Xpert MTB\/RIF: a new pillar in diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis? J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:2540\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"385_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.06.011","volume":"59","author":"G Thwaites","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thwaites G, Fisher M, Hemingway C, et al. British Infection Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children. J Infection. 2009;59:167\u201387.","journal-title":"J Infection"},{"key":"385_CR6","first-page":"116","volume":"11","author":"A Cherian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cherian A, Thomas SV. Central nervous system tuberculosis. Afr Health Sci. 2011;11:116\u201327.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"385_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir508","volume":"53","author":"C Nelson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nelson C, Zunt JR. Tuberculosis of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients: HIV Infection and solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:915\u201326.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"385_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasad K, Singh M: Corticosteroids for managing tuberculous meningitis (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD002244. doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD002244.pub3","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002244.pub3"},{"key":"385_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040573","volume":"351","author":"GE Thwaites","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thwaites GE, Nguyen DB, Nguyen HD, et al. Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:1741\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"385_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00440-8","volume":"181","author":"SM Katraka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Katraka SM, Shembalkara PK, Bijwe SR, et al. The clinical, radiological and pathological profile of tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Neurol Sci. 2000;181:118\u201326.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"385_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328012b84d","volume":"21","author":"D Cecchinia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cecchinia D, Ambrosioni J, Brezzo C, et al. Tuberculous meningitis in HIV-infected patients: drug susceptibility and clinical outcome. AIDS. 2007;21:373\u20134.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"385_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1086\/425368","volume":"39","author":"AR Tunkel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:1267\u201384.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"385_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70138-9","volume":"10","author":"S Marais","year":"2010","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Marais S, Thwaites G, Schoeman JF, et al.: Tuberculous meningitis: a uniform case definition for use in clinical research. Lancet Infect Dis 2010, 10:803\u2013812. The authors present a consensus case definition for the diagnosis of possible, probable, and definite tuberculous meningitis using a diagnostic score based on clinical, CSF, and cerebral imaging criteria and evidence of TB elsewhere.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"385_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52001","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052001","volume":"7","author":"L Chaidir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chaidir L, Ganiem AR, vander Zanden A. Comparison of real time IS6110-PCR, microscopy, and culture for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in a cohort of adult patients in Indonesia. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12):e52001. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0052001 .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"385_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0687","volume":"16","author":"A Hristea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hristea A, Olaru ID, Baicus C, et al. Clinical prediction rule for differentiating tuberculous from viral meningitis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2012;16:793\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"385_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20077","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020077","volume":"6","author":"S Marais","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marais S, Pepper DJ, Schutz C, et al. Presentation and outcome of tuberculous meningitis in a high HIV prevalence setting. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(5):e20077. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0020077 .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"385_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1179\/000349809X12502035776315","volume":"103","author":"HS Malhotra","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malhotra HS, Garg RK, Singh MK, et al. Corticosteroids (dexamethasone versus intravenous methylprednisolone) in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Ann Trop Med & Parasitol. 2009;103:625\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med & Parasitol"},{"key":"385_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-10-16","volume":"10","author":"HN Luma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Luma HN, Tchaleu BCN, Ngahane BHM, et al. Tuberculous meningitis: presentation, diagnosis and outcome in hiv-infected patients at the douala general hospital, cameroon: a cross sectional study. AIDS Research and Therapy. 2013;10:16.","journal-title":"AIDS Research and Therapy"},{"key":"385_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.00987.x","volume":"66","author":"PK Mehta","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mehta PK, Raj A, Singh N, et al. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis by PCR. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012;66:20\u201336.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"385_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70008-2","volume":"13","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lawn SD, Mwaba P, Bates M, et al. Advances in tuberculosis diagnostics: the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay and future prospects for a point-of-care test. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:349\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"385_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Steingart KR, Sohn H, Schiller I, et al.: Xpert\u00ae MTB\/RIF assay for pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD009593. doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD009593.pub2 . This review included 18 studies to determine summary estimates of the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB and the detection of rifampicin resistance in adults.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009593.pub2"},{"key":"385_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00176311","volume":"40","author":"E Tortoli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tortoli E, Russo C, Piersimoni C, et al. Clinical validation of Xpert MTB\/RIF for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Eur Resp J. 2012;40:442\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Resp J"},{"key":"385_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2012.12.009","volume":"66","author":"T Raut","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raut T, Garg RK, Jain A, et al. Hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis: Incidence, its predictive factors and impact on the prognosis. J Infection. 2013;66:330\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infection"},{"key":"385_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.09.004","volume":"48","author":"A Ramzan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramzan A, Nayil K, Asimi R, et al. Childhood tubercular meningitis: an institutional experience and analysis of predictors of outcome. Ped Neurol. 2013;48:30\u20135.","journal-title":"Ped Neurol"},{"key":"385_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.04.013","volume":"16","author":"A Hristea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hristea A, Olarua ID. Applying a consensus case definition to patients with confirmed tuberculous meningitis. Int J Infect Dis. 2012;16:e758\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"385_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00042-07","volume":"21","author":"RB Rock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rock RB, Olin M, Baker CA, et al. Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008;21:243\u201361.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"385_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70299-1","volume":"5","author":"DJ Nicolls","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nicolls DJ, King M, Holland D, et al. Intracranial tuberculomas developing while on therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:795\u2013801.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"385_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLance AR, Safaee M, Oh MC et al.: Tuberculoma of the central nervous system. J Clin Neurosci, 2013, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.01.008"},{"key":"385_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2012.06.005","volume":"81","author":"J Peng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peng J, Ouyang Y, Fang W-D, et al. Differentiation of intracranial tuberculomas and high grade gliomas using proton MR spectroscopy and diffusion MR imaging. Eur J Radiol. 2012;81:4057\u201363.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"385_CR30","unstructured":"WHO: Treatment of tuberculosis: guidelines \u2013 4th ed. Available at http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/publications\/2010\/9789241547833_eng.pdf . Accessed July 2013."},{"key":"385_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70264-5","volume":"13","author":"R Ruslami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ruslami R, Ganiem AR, Dian S, et al. Intensified regimen containing rifampicin and moxifloxacin for tuberculous meningitis: an open-label, randomised controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:27\u201335.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"385_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis899","volume":"56","author":"S Marais","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u2022 Marais S, Meintjes G, Pepper DJ et al.: Frequency, severity, and prediction of tuberculous meningitis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2013, 56:450\u201360. This prospective study compared clinical and laboratory findings between HIV-infected patients with TBM who developed immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and those who did not.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"385_CR33","unstructured":"Odendal L: Xpert MTB\/RIF diagnostic test for TB: a global update. http:\/\/www.aidsmap.com\/Xpert-MTBRIF-diagnostic-test-for-TB-a-global-update\/page\/2685513\/ . Accessed June 2013."}],"container-title":["Current Infectious Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11908-013-0385-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11908-013-0385-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11908-013-0385-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T13:16:14Z","timestamp":1564492574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11908-013-0385-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["385"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11908-013-0385-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3847","1534-3146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3847","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]]}}}