{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T14:41:32Z","timestamp":1707921692462},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,2,1]],"date-time":"1999-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":917827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Infect Dis Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-999-0004-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,25]],"date-time":"2007-05-25T01:59:00Z","timestamp":1180058340000},"page":"13-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Streptococcus pneumoniae: Activity of newer agents against penicillin-resistant strains"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter C.","family":"Appelbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"4_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-52-14153","volume":"53","author":"LH Schmidt","year":"1943","unstructured":"Schmidt LH, Sesler CL: Development of resistance to penicillin by pneumococci. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1943, 53:353\u2013357.","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"4_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.77","volume":"15","author":"PC Appelbaum","year":"1992","unstructured":"Appelbaum PC: Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: an overview. Clin Infect Dis 1992, 15:77\u201383.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.119","volume":"15","author":"MR Jacobs","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jacobs MR: Treatment and diagnosis of infections caused by drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis 1992, 15:119\u2013127.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/00013542-199504000-00001","volume":"6","author":"MR Jacobs","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Antibiotic-resistant pneumococci. Reviews in Medical Microbiology. 1995, 6:77\u201393.","journal-title":"Reviews in Medical Microbiology."},{"key":"4_CR5","unstructured":"Jacobs MR, Bajaksouzian S, Lin G, Appelbaum PC: Variation in antimicrobial resistance of community isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae by age, region and disease [abstract]. 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; September 1998:C-016. Currently 17% of community isolates of pneumococci are penicillinintermediate, 33% are pencillin-resistant, and 30% are macrolide-resistant. Resistance rates are highest in children under 2 years of age, and in isolates from ear, sinus, and nasopharyngeal specimens."},{"key":"4_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197810052991402","volume":"299","author":"MR Jacobs","year":"1978","unstructured":"Jacobs MR, Koornhof HJ, Robins-Browne RM, et al.: Emergence of multiply resistant pneumococci. N Engl J Med 1978, 299:735\u2013740.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4_CR7","volume-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards","year":"1995","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards: In Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically, edn 4. M7-A4. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 1995.","edition":"edn 4"},{"key":"4_CR8","first-page":"473","volume":"2","author":"J Linares","year":"1983","unstructured":"Linares J, Perez JL, Garau J, Martin R: Cotrimoxazole resistance in pneumococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1983, 2:473\u2013474.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR9","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Eighth Informational Supplement","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards","year":"1998","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards: In Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Eighth Informational Supplement. M100-S8. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 1998."},{"key":"4_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199603000-00015","volume":"15","author":"WA Craig","year":"1996","unstructured":"Craig WA, Andes D: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996, 15:255\u2013259.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1086\/516284","volume":"26","author":"WA Craig","year":"1998","unstructured":"Craig WA: Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic parameters: rationale for antibacterial dosing of mice and men. Clin Infect Dis 1998, 26:1\u201310. Decription of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles applied to antimicrobial agents, and correlation of these principles with clinical outcome.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.11.2562","volume":"40","author":"J Sutcliffe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sutcliffe J, Grebe T, Tait-Kamradt A, Wondrack L: Detection of erythromycin resistant determinants by PCR. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996, 40:2562\u20132566.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/12.2.133","volume":"12","author":"DJ Tweardy","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tweardy DJ, Jacobs MR, Speck WT: Susceptibility of penicillinresistant pneumococci to eighteen antimicrobials: implications for treatment of meningitis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1983, 12:133\u2013139.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.1991.11739075","volume":"3","author":"A Fremaux","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fremaux A, Sissia G, Geslin P: Antimicrobial activity of 12 beta-lactam antibiotics and 5 other antibiotics (glycopeptides, fluoroquinolones, rifampin) against penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae. J Chemother 1991, 3:108\u2013110.","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.12.2902","volume":"38","author":"SK Spangler","year":"1994","unstructured":"Spangler SK, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Susceptibilities of 185 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to WY-49605 (SUN\/SY 5555), a new oral penem, compared with those to penicillin G, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefixime, cefaclor, cefpodoxime, cefuroxime, and cefdinir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:2902\u20132904.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/13.4.353","volume":"13","author":"J Li\u00f1ares","year":"1984","unstructured":"Li\u00f1ares J, Perez JL, Garau J, et al.: Comparative susceptibilities of penicillin-resistant pneumococci to co-trimoxazole, vancomycin, rifampicin and fourteen \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 1984, 13:353\u2013359.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/30.3.279","volume":"30","author":"J Li\u00f1ares","year":"1992","unstructured":"Li\u00f1ares J, Alonso T, P\u00e8rez JL, et al.: Decreased susceptibility of penicillin-resistant pneumococci to twenty-four \u03b2-lactam antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992, 30:279\u2013272.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/35.6.883","volume":"35","author":"GA Pankuch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pankuch GA, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC. Comparative activity of ampicillin, amoxycillin, amoxycillin\/clavulanate and cefotaxime against 189 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995, 35:883\u2013888.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.12.2905","volume":"38","author":"GA Pankuch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pankuch GA, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Susceptibilities of 200 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:2905\u20132907.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.4.813","volume":"42","author":"GM Smith","year":"1998","unstructured":"Smith GM, Slocombe B, Abbott KH, Mizen LW: Activity of amoxicillin-clavulanate against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in an experimental respiratory infection model in rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998, 42:813\u2013817.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/31.2.273","volume":"31","author":"SK Spangler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Spangler SK, Jacobs MR, Pankuch GA, Appelbaum PC: Susceptibility of 170 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to six oral cephalosporins, four quinolones, desacetylcefotaxime, Ro 23-9424 and RP 67829. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993, 31:273\u2013280.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.4.898","volume":"38","author":"SK Spangler","year":"1994","unstructured":"Spangler SK, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Susceptibilities of 177 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to FK 037, cefpirome, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, biapenem, meropenem and vancomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:898\u2013900.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR23","first-page":"662","volume":"11","author":"M Sloas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sloas M, Barrett F, Chesney J, et al.: Cephalosporin treatment failure in penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1992, 11:662\u2013666.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199111000-00018","volume":"10","author":"JS Bradley","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bradley JS, Connor JD: Ceftriaxone failure in meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991, 10:871\u2013872.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.5.1140","volume":"39","author":"KP Klugman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Klugman KP, Dagan R: Randomized comparison of meropenem with cefotaxime for treatment of bacterial meningitis. Meropenem Meningitis Study Group. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995, 39:1140\u20131146.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"suppl A","key":"4_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/36.suppl_A.85","volume":"36","author":"E Schmutzhard","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schmutzhard E, Williams KJ, Vukmirovits G, et al.: A randomised comparison of meropenem with cefotaxime or ceftriaxone for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in adults. Meropenem Meningitis Study Group. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995, 36(suppl A):85\u201397.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01992176","volume":"12","author":"SK Spangler","year":"1993","unstructured":"Spangler SK, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Comparative activity of the new fluoroquinolone Bay y3118 against 177 penicillinsusceptible and -resistant pneumococci. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993, 12:965\u2013967.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/35.1.230","volume":"35","author":"GA Pankuch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pankuch GA, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Activity of CP 99,219 compared with DU 6859a, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin and grepafloxacin against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. J Antimicrob Chemother 1995, 35:230\u2013232.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/22.2.135","volume":"22","author":"A King","year":"1988","unstructured":"King A, Boothman C, Phillips I: The in-vitro activity of PD 127,391, a new quinolone. J Antimicrob Chemother 1988, 22:135\u2013141.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.3.534","volume":"38","author":"GM Eliopoulos","year":"1994","unstructured":"Eliopoulos GM, Wennersten CB, Cole G, Moellering RC: In vitro activities of two glycylcyclines against gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:534\u2013535.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.8.1950","volume":"40","author":"LM Ednie","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ednie LM, Visalli MA, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Comparative activity of clarithromycin, erythromycin and azithromycin against penicillin susceptible and penicillin resistant pneumococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997, 40:1950\u20131952.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199407000-00001","volume":"13","author":"CT Nelson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nelson CT, Mason EO, Kaplan SL: Activity of oral antibiotics in middle ear and sinus infections caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for treatment. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994, 13:585\u2013589.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.4.856","volume":"36","author":"SK Spangler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Spangler SK, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Susceptibilities of penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to RP 59500, vancomycin, erythromycin, PD 131628, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, Win 57273, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992, 36:856\u2013859.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"suppl A","key":"4_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/30.suppl_A.19","volume":"30","author":"A Fremaux","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fremaux A, Sissia G, Cohen R, Geslin P: In-vitro antibacterial activity of RP 59500, a semisynthetic streptogramin, against Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992, 30(suppl A):19\u201323.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2065","volume":"38","author":"GA Pankuch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pankuch GA, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: A study of the comparative anti-pneumococcal activity of penicillin G, RP59500, erythromycin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin by time-kill methodology. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:2065\u20132072.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.9.2065","volume":"38","author":"GA Pankuch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pankuch GA, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Study of the comparative anti-pneumococcal activity of penicillin G, RP59500, erythromycin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin by using time-kill methodology. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:2065\u20132072.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.5.1033","volume":"41","author":"LM Ednie","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ednie LM, Spangker SK, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Susceptibilities of 228 penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and - resistant pneumococci to RU 64004, a new ketolide, compared with susceptibilities to 16 other agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997, 41:1033\u20131036.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.3.624","volume":"42","author":"GA Pankuch","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pankuch GA, Visalli MA, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC: Susceptibility of penicillin- and erythromycin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci to HMR 3647 (RU 66647), a new ketolide, compared with susceptibilities to 17 other agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1988, 42:624\u2013630.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/23.4.509","volume":"23","author":"PC Appelbaum","year":"1989","unstructured":"Appelbaum PC, Spangler SK, Crotty E, Jacobs MR: Susceptibility of penicillin-sensitive and-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae to new antimicrobial agents, including daptomycin, teicoplanin, cefpodoxime and quinolones. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989, 23:509\u2013516.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.40.11.2661","volume":"40","author":"E Fasola","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fasola E, Spangler SK, Ednie LM, et al.: Antipneumococcal activity of LY 333328, a new glycopeptide, compared with vancomycin, teicoplanin, ceftriaxone, rifampin and imipenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1996, 40:2661\u20132663.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.27.3.340","volume":"27","author":"MG Tauber","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tauber MG, Hackbarth CJ, Scott KG, et al.: New cephalosporins, cefotaxime, cefpimizole, BMY 28142 and HR 810 in experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985, 27:340\u2013342.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80755-X","volume":"98","author":"W Teele","year":"1981","unstructured":"Teele W, Pelton SI, Klein JO: Bacteriology of acute otitis media unresponsive to initial antimicrobial therapy. J Pediatr 1981, 98:537\u2013539.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/7.1.89","volume":"7","author":"TR Beam","year":"1981","unstructured":"Beam TR: Vancomycin therapy of experimental pneumococcal meningitis caused by penicillin-sensitive and resistant strains. J Antimicrob Chemother 1981, 7:89\u201399.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.27.2.141","volume":"27","author":"GH McCracken","year":"1985","unstructured":"McCracken GH, Sakata Y: Antimicrobial therapy of experimental meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae with different susceptibilities to penicillin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985, 27:141\u2013145.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/143.2.156","volume":"143","author":"VB Schaad","year":"1981","unstructured":"Schaad VB, McCracken GH, Loock CA, Thomas ML: Pharmacokinetics and bactericidal efficacy of moxalactam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone and Rocephin in experimental bacterial meningitis. J Infect Dis 1981, 143:156\u2013163.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/149.4.568","volume":"149","author":"MG Tauber","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tauber MG, Doroshow CA, Hackbarth CJ, et al.: Antibacterial activity of b-lactam antibiotics in experimental meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Infect Dis 1984, 149:568\u2013574.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/149.4.575","volume":"149","author":"MG Tauber","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tauber MG, Zak O, Scheld WM, et al.: The postantibiotic effect in the treatment of experimental meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in rabbits. J Infect Dis 1984, 149:575\u2013583.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92892-6","volume":"2","author":"PC Appelbaum","year":"1977","unstructured":"Appelbaum PC, Bhamjee A, Scragg JN, et al.: Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and chloramphenicol. Lancet 1977, 2:995\u2013997.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4_CR49","first-page":"286","volume-title":"Microbiology.","author":"HJ Koornhof","year":"1979","unstructured":"Koornhof HJ, Jacobs MR, Ward JI, et al.: Therapy and control of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal disease. In Microbiology. Edited by Schlessinger D. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1979:286\u2013289."},{"key":"4_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/3.2.254","volume":"3","author":"J Ward","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ward J: Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: clinical and epidemiological aspects. Rev Infect Dis 1981, 3:254\u2013265.","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.1.118","volume":"12","author":"RD Weingarten","year":"1990","unstructured":"Weingarten RD, Markiewicz Z, Gilbert DN: Meningitis due to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults. Rev Infect Dis 1990, 12:118.","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198403000-00010","volume":"3","author":"MA Jackson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jackson MA, Shelton S, Nelson JD, McCracken HG: Relatively penicillin-resistant pneumococcal infections in pediatric patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1984, 3:129\u2013132.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90061-7","volume":"84","author":"PF Viladrich","year":"1988","unstructured":"Viladrich PF, Gudiol F, Li\u00f1ares J, et al.: Characteristics and antibiotic therapy of adult meningitis due to penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Am J Med 1988, 84:839\u2013846.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"4_CR54","first-page":"442","volume":"3","author":"LM Buzon","year":"1984","unstructured":"Buzon LM, Guerrero A, Romero J, et al.: Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis successfully treated with vancomycin. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1984, 3:442\u2013443.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199109000-00018","volume":"10","author":"IR Friedland","year":"1991","unstructured":"Friedland IR, Klugman K: Recurrent penicillin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis after chloramphenicol therapy. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991, 10:705\u2013707.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.1.33","volume":"34","author":"P Moreillon","year":"1990","unstructured":"Moreillon P, Markiewicz Z, Nachman S, Tomasz A: Two bactericidal targets for penicillin in pneumococci: autolysis-dependent and autolysis-independent killing mechanisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1990, 34:33\u201339.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198912000-00019","volume":"8","author":"F Asensi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Asensi F, Perez-Tamarit D, Otero MC, et al.: Impenem-cilastatin therapy in a child with meningitis caused by a multiply resistant pneumococcus. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989, 8:895.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/16.6.751","volume":"16","author":"J Modai","year":"1985","unstructured":"Modai J, Vittecoq D, Decazes JM, Meulemans A: Penetration of imipenem and cilastatin into cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1985, 16:751\u2013755.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"4_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90071-X","volume":"84","author":"G Calandra","year":"1988","unstructured":"Calandra G, Lydick E, Carrigan J, et al.: Factors predisposing to seizures in seriously ill infected patients receiving antibiotics: experience with imipenem\/cilastatin. Am J Med 1988, 84:911\u2013918.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"4_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1984.02140440035008","volume":"138","author":"FE Berkowitz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Berkowitz FE: Bacteremia in hospitalized black South African children. Am J Dis Child 1984, 138:551\u2013556.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"4_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198609000-00006","volume":"5","author":"B Oppenheim","year":"1986","unstructured":"Oppenheim B, Koornhof HJ, Austrian R: Antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal disease in children at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1986, 5:520\u2013524.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198509053131006","volume":"313","author":"C Feldman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Feldman C, Kallenbach JM, Miller SD, et al.: Communityacquired pneumonia due to penicillin-resistant pneumococci. N Engl J Med 1986, 313:615\u2013617.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707023170104","volume":"317","author":"R Pallares","year":"1987","unstructured":"Pallares R, Gudiol F, Li\u00f1ares J, et al.: Risk factors and response to antibiotic therapy in adults with bacteremic pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococci. N Engl J Med 1987, 317:18\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508243330802","volume":"333","author":"R Pallares","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pallares R, Li\u00f1ares J, Vadillo M, et al.:Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain. N Engl J Med 1995, 333:474\u2013480.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.6.1346","volume":"166","author":"MR Reichler","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reichler MR, Allphin AA, Breiman RF, et al.: The spread of multiply resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae at a day care center in Ohio. J Infect Dis 1992, 166:1346\u20131353.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199002000-00008","volume":"100","author":"EM Friedman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Friedman EM, McGill TJ, Healy GB: Central nervous system complications associated with acute otitis media in children. Laryngoscope 1990, 100:149.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"4_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80479-2","volume":"118","author":"SA Carlin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Carlin SA, Marchant CD, Shurin PA, et al.: Host factors and early therapeutic response in acute otitis media. J Pediatr 1991, 118:178\u2013183.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"4_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198901001-00014","volume":"8","author":"JL Paradise","year":"1989","unstructured":"Paradise JL: Antimicrobial drugs and surgical procedures in the prevention of otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1989, 8:S35-S37.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199408113310607","volume":"331","author":"IR Friedland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Friedland IR, McCracken GH: Management of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:377\u2013382.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199901000-00002","volume":"18","author":"SF Dowell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dowell SF, Butler JC, Giebink GS, et al.: and Drug Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group.: Acute otitis media: management and surveillance in an era of pneumococcal resistance - a report from the Drug Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999, 18:1\u20139. Concensus recommendations for the management of acute otitis media and for surveillance of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199807000-00011","volume":"17","author":"G Roger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roger G, Carles P, Pagnon B, et al.: Management of acute otitis media caused by resistant pneumococci in infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1998, 17:631\u2013638.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1086\/514120","volume":"176","author":"R Dagan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dagan R, Abramson O, Leibovitz E, et al.: Bacteriologic response to oral cephalosporins: are established susceptibility breakpoints appropriate in the case of acute otitis media? J Infect Dis 1997, 176:1253\u20131259. Correlation of antimicrobial susceptibility and bacteriologic outcome in acute otitis media.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199611000-00010","volume":"15","author":"R Dagan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dagan R, Abramson O, Leibovitz E, et al.: Impaired bacteriologic response to oral cephalosporins in acute otitis media caused by pneumococci with intermediate resistance to penicillin. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996, 15:980\u2013985.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"4_CR74","first-page":"K","volume-title":"Abstracts of Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy","author":"R Dagan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dagan R, Piglansky L, Fliss DM, et al.: Bacteriologic response in acute otitis media: comparison between azithromycin, cefaclor, and amoxicillin [bdabstract]. In Abstracts of Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1997:K-103."}],"container-title":["Current Infectious Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11908-999-0004-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11908-999-0004-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11908-999-0004-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T14:10:16Z","timestamp":1707919816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11908-999-0004-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11908-999-0004-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3847","1534-3146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3847","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3146","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,2]]}}}