{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T11:56:52Z","timestamp":1762430212058},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,1]],"date-time":"2001-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":986083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-001-0016-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T06:05:03Z","timestamp":1183010703000},"page":"195-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The treatment of tics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Harvey S.","family":"Singer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"16_CR1","series-title":"Tourette\u2019s syndrome\u2014tics, obsessions, compulsions","volume-title":"Developmental Psychopathology and Clinical Care","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tourette\u2019s syndrome\u2014tics, obsessions, compulsions. In Developmental Psychopathology and Clinical Care. Edited by Leckman JF, Cohen DJ. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1999."},{"key":"16_CR2","series-title":"Tourette Syndrome","volume-title":"Neurologic Clinics","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jankovic J, ed.: Neurologic Clinics: In Tourette Syndrome. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1997."},{"key":"16_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.3.425","volume":"123","author":"MM Robertson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Robertson MM: Tourette syndrome, associated conditions and the complexities of treatment. Brain 2000, 123:425\u2013462.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"16_CR4","first-page":"598","volume-title":"Pediatric Neurology: Principles and Practice","author":"HS Singer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Singer HS: Tourette syndrome and its associated neurobehavioral problems. In Pediatric Neurology: Principles and Practice, edn 2. Edited by Swaiman K, Shields D. Baltimore, Mosby; 1999:598\u2013605.","edition":"edn 2"},{"key":"16_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer HS: Current issues in Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord 2000, in press.","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200011)15:6<1051::AID-MDS1001>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"16_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-6402(83)90018-8","volume":"5","author":"G Turpin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Turpin G: The behavioral management of tic disorders: a critical review. Adv Behav Res Ther 1983, 5:203\u2013245.","journal-title":"Adv Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"16_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90026-4","volume":"25","author":"RA Evers","year":"1994","unstructured":"Evers RA, van de Wetering BJ: A treatment model for motor tics based on a specific tension-reduction technique. J Behav Ther Exper Psychiatry 1994, 25:255\u2013260.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exper Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/014544558151006","volume":"5","author":"TH Ollendick","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ollendick TH: Self-monitoring and self-administered overcorrection: the modification of nervous tics in children. Behav Modification 1981, 5:75\u201384.","journal-title":"Behav Modification"},{"key":"16_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(87)90010-3","volume":"18","author":"KM Wright","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wright KM, Miltenberger RG: Awareness training in the treatment of head and facial tics. J Behav Ther Exper Psychiatry 1987, 18:269\u2013274.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exper Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(85)80054-X","volume":"16","author":"RG Miltenberger","year":"1985","unstructured":"Miltenberger RG, Fuqua RW, McKinley T: Habit reversal with muscle tics: replication and component analysis. Behav Therapy 1985, 16:39\u201350.","journal-title":"Behav Therapy"},{"key":"16_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1996.29-483","volume":"29","author":"DW Woods","year":"1996","unstructured":"Woods DW, Miltenberger RG, Lumley VA: Sequential application of major habit-reversal components to treat motor tics in children. J Appl Behav Analysis 1996, 29:483\u2013493.","journal-title":"J Appl Behav Analysis"},{"key":"16_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(88)90089-7","volume":"26","author":"NH Azrin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Azrin NH, Peterson AL: Habit reversal for the treatment of Tourette syndrome. Behav Res Therapy 1988, 26:347\u2013351.","journal-title":"Behav Res Therapy"},{"key":"16_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(97)00200-2","volume":"18","author":"A Bergin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bergin A, Waranch HR, Brown J, et al.: Relaxation therapy in Tourette syndrome: a pilot study. Pediatr Neurol 1998, 18:136\u2013142.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"16_CR14","first-page":"211","volume":"16","author":"L Wu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wu L, Li H, Kang L: 156 cases of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome treated by acupuncture. J Tradit Chin Med 1996, 16:211\u2013213.","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"16_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.3.343","volume":"35","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Detlor J, Harcherik DF, et al.: Short- and long-term treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome with clonidine: a clinical perspective. Neurology 1985, 35:343\u2013351.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"16_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810280040006","volume":"48","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Hardin MT, Riddle MA, et al.: Clonidine treatment of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991, 48:324\u2013328.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410210313","volume":"21","author":"CG Goetz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Tanner CM, Wilson RS, et al.: Clonidine and Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome: double-blind study using objective rating methods. Ann Neurol 1987, 21:307\u2013310.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"16_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199509000-00010","volume":"34","author":"PB Chappell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chappell PB, Riddle MA, Scahill L, Lynch KA, Schultz R, Arnsten A, et al.: Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette\u2019s syndrome: preliminary clinical experience. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995, 34:1140\u20131146.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR19","first-page":"918","volume":"31","author":"LM Cohn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cohn LM, Caliendo GC: Guanfacine use in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [letter]. Ann Pharmacother 1997, 31:918\u2013919.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"16_CR20","volume-title":"Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","author":"AK Shapiro","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shapiro AK, Shapiro ES, Young JG, Feinberg TE: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, edn 2. New York: Raven Press; 1988.","edition":"edn 2"},{"key":"16_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901400508","volume":"14","author":"Y Awaad","year":"1999","unstructured":"Awaad Y: Tics in Tourette syndrome: new treatment options. J Child Neurol 1999, 14:316\u2013319.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"16_CR22","first-page":"544","volume":"48","author":"HS Singer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Singer HS, Krieger M, Wendlandt JT, Giuliano J: Suppression of tics with baclofen: double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Ann Neurol 2000, 48:544\u2013545. Important study.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"16_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100025129","volume":"3","author":"M Gonce","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gonce M, Barbeau A: Seven cases of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome: partial relief with clonazepam. A pilot study. Can J Neurol Sci 1977, 3:279\u2013283.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"16_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199403000-00014","volume":"33","author":"RJ Steingard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Steingard RJ, Goldberg M, Lee D, et al.: Adjunctive clonazepam treatment of tic symptoms in children with comorbid tic disorders and ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994, 33:394.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR25","first-page":"296","volume":"35","author":"I Drtilkov\u00e1","year":"1994","unstructured":"Drtilkov\u00e1 I, Bala\u00f6tkov\u00e1 B, Lemanov\u00e1 H, Z\u00e1k J: Therapeutical effects of clonidine and clonazepam in children with tic syndrome. Homeost Health Dis 1994, 35:296.","journal-title":"Homeost Health Dis"},{"key":"16_CR26","first-page":"624","volume":"39","author":"JL Lampreave","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lampreave JL, Molina V, Mardomingo MJ, et al.: Technetium-99m-HMPAO in Tourette\u2019s syndrome on neuroleptic therapy and after withdrawal. J Nucl Med 1998, 39:624\u2013628.","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"16_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810080052006","volume":"46","author":"E Shapiro","year":"1989","unstructured":"Shapiro E, Shapiro AK, Fulop G, et al.: Controlled study of haloperidol, pimozide and placebo for the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989, 46:722\u2013730.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR28","first-page":"1057","volume":"8","author":"FR Sallee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sallee FR, Nesbitt L, Jackson C, et al.: Relative efficacy of haloperidol and pimozide in children with adolescents with Tourette disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1997, 8:1057\u20131062.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.4.874","volume":"52","author":"Tourette Syndrome Study Group","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tourette Syndrome Study Group: Short-term versus longer term pimozide therapy in Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a preliminary study. Neurology 1999, 52:874\u2013877. An interesting study.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"16_CR30","first-page":"71","volume":"12","author":"HS Singer","year":"Neurosci1986","unstructured":"Singer HS, Gammon K, Quaskey S: Haloperidol, fluphenazine and clonidine in Tourette syndrome: controversies in treatment. Pediatr Neurosci1986, 12:71\u201374.","journal-title":"Pediatr"},{"key":"16_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1984.04050150049015","volume":"41","author":"CG Goetz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Tanner CM, Klawans HL: Fluphenazine and multifocal tic disorders. Arch Neurol 1984, 41:271\u2013272.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"16_CR32","first-page":"79","volume":"16","author":"HS Singer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Singer HS, Rabins P, Tune LE, Coyle JT: Serum haloperidol levels in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 1981, 16:79\u201384.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199509000-00011","volume":"34","author":"PJ Lombroso","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lombroso PJ, Scahill L, King RA, et al.: Risperidone treatment of children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a preliminary report. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995, 34:1147\u20131152.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090617","volume":"9","author":"C Van der Linden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Van der Linden C, Bruggeman R, Van Woerkom T: Serotonindopamine antagonist and Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome: an open pilot dose-titration study with risperidone [letter]. Mov Disord 1994, 9:687\u2013688.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"16_CR35","first-page":"29","volume":"57","author":"RD Bruun","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bruun RD, Budman CL: Risperidone as a treatment for Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Psychiatry 1996, 57:29\u201331.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/026988119601000411","volume":"10","author":"MM Robertson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Robertson MM, Scull DA, Eapen V, Trimble MR: Risperidone in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a retrospective case note study. J Psychopharmacol 1996, 10:317\u2013320.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"16_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200002000-00008","volume":"39","author":"Z Benji Semerci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benji Semerci Z: Olanzapine in Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000, 39:140.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150070173","volume":"247","author":"M Onofrj","year":"2000","unstructured":"Onofrj M, Paci C, D\u2019Andreamatteo G, Toma L: Olanzapine in severe Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a 52-week doubleblind cross-over study vs. low-dose pimozide. J Neurol 2000, 247:443\u2013446.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"16_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-200015010-00003","volume":"15","author":"M Stamenkovic","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stamenkovic M, Schnidler SD, Aschauer HN, et al.: Effective open-label treatment of Tourette\u2019s disorder with olanzapine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2000, 15:23\u201328.","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"16_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200003000-00010","volume":"39","author":"FR Sallee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sallee FR, Kurlan R, Goetz CG, et al.: Ziprasidone treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000, 39:292\u2013299.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.3.317","volume":"136","author":"ED Caine","year":"1979","unstructured":"Caine ED, Polinsky RJ, Kartzinel R, Ebert MH: The trial use of clozapine for abnormal involuntary movement disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1979, 136:317\u2013320.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199802000-00017","volume":"18","author":"J Schmider","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schmider J, Hoff P: Clozapine in Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998, 18:88\u201389.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"16_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199310000-00014","volume":"181","author":"M Kalian","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kalian M, Lerner V, Goldman M: Atypical variants of tardive dyskinesia, treated by a combination of clozapine with propranolol and clozapine with tetrabenazine. J Nerv Ment Dis 1993, 181:649\u2013651.","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"16_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00218-6","volume":"38","author":"E Jaffe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jaffe E, Tremeau F, Sharif Z, Reider R: Clozapine in tardive Tourette syndrome. Biol Psychiatry 1995, 38:196\u2013197.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.5.688","volume":"34","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jankovic J, Glaze DG, Frost JD Jr: Effect of tetrabenazine on tics and sleep of Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Neurology 1984, 34:688\u2013692.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"16_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.2.358","volume":"48","author":"J Jankovic","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jankovic J, Beach J: Long-term effects of tetrabenazine in hyperkinetic movement disorders. Neurology 1997, 48:358\u2013362.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"16_CR47","first-page":"856","volume":"142","author":"R Fog","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fog R, Regeur L: Neuropharmacology of tics. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1986, 142:856\u2013859.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"16_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120320","volume":"12","author":"JF Lipinski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lipinski JF, Sallee FR, Jackson C, Sethuraman G: Dopamine agonist treatment of Tourette disorder in children: results of an open-label trial of pergolide. Mov Disord 1997, 12:402\u2013407.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"16_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.6.1310","volume":"54","author":"DL Gilbert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gilbert DL, Sethuraman G, Sine L, et al.: Tourette syndrome improvement with pergolide in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial. Neurology, 2000, 54:1310\u20131315.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"16_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870090306","volume":"9","author":"CG Goetz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Stebbins GT, Thelen JA: Talipexole and adult Gilles de la Tourette\u2019s syndrome: double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Mov Disord 1994, 9:315\u2013317.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"16_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1054\/mehy.1997.0623","volume":"52","author":"SM Dursun","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dursun SM, Kutcher S: Smoking, nicotine and psychiatric disorders: evidence for therapeutic role, controversies and implications for future research. Med Hypothesis 1999, 52:101\u2013109.","journal-title":"Med Hypothesis"},{"key":"16_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)91388-8","volume":"1","author":"PR Sandberg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sandberg PR, Fogelson HM, Manderscheid PZ, et al.: Nicotine gum and haloperidol in Tourette syndrome [letter]. Lancet 1988, 1:592.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"16_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0753-3322(89)90186-8","volume":"43","author":"PR Sanberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sanberg PR, McConville BJ, Fogelson HM, et al.: Nicotine potentiates the effects of haloperidol in animals and in patients with Tourette syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 1989, 43:19\u201323.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"16_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796003984","volume":"27","author":"SM Dursun","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dursun SM, Reveley MA: Differential effects of transdermal nicotine on microstructured analyses of tics in Tourette\u2019s syndrome: an open study. Psychol Med 1997, 27:483\u2013487.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"16_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(96)00199-4","volume":"74","author":"PR Sanberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sanberg PR, Silver AA, Shytle RD, et al.: Nicotine for the treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Pharmacol Ther 1997, 74:21\u201325.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"16_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2000.10.59","volume":"10","author":"AA Silver","year":"2000","unstructured":"Silver AA, Shytle RD, Sanberg PR: Mecamylamine in Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a two-year retrospective case study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2000, 10:59\u201368.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"16_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199908000-00019","volume":"19","author":"SP Hoopes","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hoopes SP: Donepezil for Tourette\u2019s disorder and ADHD. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999, 19:381\u2013382.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"16_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10127.x","volume":"98","author":"KR Muller-Vahl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Muller-Vahl KR, Kolbe H, Schneider U, Emrich HM: Cannabinoids: possible role in pathophysiology and therapy of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998, 98:502\u2013506.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"16_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.3.495","volume":"156","author":"KR Muller-Vahl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Muller-Vahl KR, Schneider U, Kolbe H, Emrich HM: Treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156:495.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050986","volume":"144","author":"DC Cath","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cath DC, Gijsman HJ, Schoemaker RC, et al.: The effect of m-CPP on tics and obsessive-compulsive phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Psychopharmacology (Berlin) 1999, 144:137\u2013143.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berlin)"},{"key":"16_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.7.1122a","volume":"156","author":"C Bonnier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bonnier C, Nassogne MC, Evrard P: Ketanserin treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome in children. Am J Psychiatry 1999, 156:1122\u20131123.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199911000-00008","volume":"14","author":"P Toren","year":"1999","unstructured":"Toren P, Laor N, Cohen DJ, et al.: Ondansetron treatment in patients with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999, 14:373\u2013376.","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"16_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.1997.7.75","volume":"7","author":"L Scahill","year":"1997","unstructured":"Scahill L, Riddle MA, King RA, et al.: Fluoxetine has no marked effect on tic symptoms in patients with Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1997, 7:75\u201385.","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"16_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199903000-00006","volume":"38","author":"S Bajo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bajo S, Battaglia M, Pegna C, Bellodi L: Citalopram and fluvoxamine in Tourette\u2019s disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999, 38:230\u2013231.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.63.740.510","volume":"63","author":"R Sandyk","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sandyk R, Bamford CR, Laguna J: Clomiphene citrate in Tourette\u2019s syndrome [letter]. Postgrad Med J 1987, 63:510\u2013511.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"16_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199808000-00013","volume":"18","author":"BS Peterson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Peterson BS, Zhang H, Anderson GM, Leckman JF: A doubleblind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of an antiandrogen in the treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998, 18:324\u2013331.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"16_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.8.1190","volume":"57","author":"CH Kwak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kwak CH, Hanna PA, Jankovic J: Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics. Arch Neurol 2000, 57:1190\u20131193.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"16_CR68","first-page":"A49","volume":"54","author":"C Marras","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marras C, Sime EA, Andrews DF, Lang AE: Botulinum toxin injections for simple motor tics: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 2000, 54(suppl 3):A49.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"16_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130348","volume":"13","author":"MR Trimble","year":"1998","unstructured":"Trimble MR, Whurr R, Brookes G, et al.: Vocal tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome treated with botulinum toxin injections. Mov Disord 1998, 13:617\u2013619.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"16_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110413","volume":"11","author":"BL Scott","year":"1996","unstructured":"Scott BL, Jankovic J, Donovan DT: Botulinum toxin injection into vocal cord in the treatment of malignant coprolalia associated with Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Mov Disord 1996, 11:431\u2013433.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"16_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.2.264","volume":"155","author":"SE Swedo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Garvey M, et al.: Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections PANDAS. A clinical description of the first fifty cases. Am J Psychiatry 1998, 155:264\u2013271.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1530","volume":"50","author":"R Kurlan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kurlan R: Tourette\u2019s syndrome and \u2018PANDAS\u2019; will the relation bear out? Neurology 1998, 50:1530\u20131534.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"16_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00020-7","volume":"45","author":"MA Garvey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garvey MA, Perlmutter SJ, Allen AJ, et al.: A pilot study of penicillin prophylaxis for neuropsychiatric exacerbations triggered by streptococcal infections. Biol Psychiatry 1999, 45:1564\u20131571.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"16_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12297-3","volume":"354","author":"SJ Perlmutter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Perlmutter SJ, Leitman SF, Garvey MA, et al.: Therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin for obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorders in childhood. Lancet 1999, 354:1153\u20131158.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"16_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(95)90109-4","volume":"36","author":"SL Rauch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rauch SL, Baer L, Cosgrove GR, Jenike MA: Neurosurgical treatment of Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a critical review. Compr Psychiatry 1995, 36:141\u2013156.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0016-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0016-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0016-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0016-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T18:28:45Z","timestamp":1683916125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0016-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}},"alternative-id":["16"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0016-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-4042","1534-6293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-4042","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4]]}}}