{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T14:05:32Z","timestamp":1791900332686,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]],"date-time":"2001-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":996624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-001-0084-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T12:25:37Z","timestamp":1180700737000},"page":"313-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Parkinson\u2019s disease: Surgical options"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Hammerstad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Hogarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"84_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.1.0053","volume":"76","author":"LV Laitinen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Laitinen LV, Bergenheim AT, Hariz MI: Leksell\u2019s posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosurg 1992, 76:53\u201361.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"84_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.8.1118","volume":"57","author":"AE Lang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lang AE: Surgery for Parkinson disease: a critical evaluation of the state of the art. Arch Neurol 2000, 57:1118\u20131125. This excellent review thoughtfully emphasizes the quality of the evidence and the questions remaining to be answered regarding patient selection and efficacy of the various procedures.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"84_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II122","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00022913","volume":"247","author":"P Krack","year":"2000","unstructured":"Krack P, Poepping M, Weinert D, et al.: Thalamic, pallidal, or subthalamic surgery for Parkinson\u2019s disease? J Neurol 2000, 247(suppl 2):II122-II134. Another excellent review, including technical aspects and controversies of the surgical approaches.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"84_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1159\/000062049","volume":"15","author":"MI Hariz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hariz MI: Complications of movement disorder surgery and how to avoid them. Prog Neurol Surg 2000, 15:246\u2013265.","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Surg"},{"key":"84_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.1910","volume":"53","author":"M Hallett","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hallett M, Litvan I: Evaluation of surgery for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. The Task Force on Surgery for Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Neurology 1999, 53:1910\u20131921.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"84_CR6","first-page":"S40","volume":"55","author":"AL Benabid","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benabid AL, Krack P, Benazzouz A, et al.: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson\u2019s disease: methodologic aspects and clinical criteria. Neurology 2000, 55(suppl 6):S40-S44.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"84_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199912000-00024","volume":"45","author":"KJ Burchiel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Burchiel KJ, Anderson VC, Favre J, Hammerstad JP: Comparison of pallidal and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: results of a randomized, blinded pilot study. Neurosurgery 1999, 45:1375\u20131382.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"84_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002173420703","volume":"342","author":"PR Schuurman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schuurman PR, Bosch DA, Bossuyt PM, et al.: A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:461\u2013468. A well-designed, randomized study showing that thalamotomy and thalamic stimulation are equally effective in suppressing tremor, but thalamic stimulation has fewer adverse effects and results in greater improvement in function.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"84_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.8.1218","volume":"55","author":"EC Lai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lai EC, Jankovic J, Krauss JK, et al.: Long-term efficacy of posteroventral pallidotomy in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 2000, 55:1218\u20131222.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"84_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II28","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03161079","volume":"246","author":"AE Lang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lang AE, Duff J, Saint-Cyr JA, et al.: Posteroventral medial pallidotomy in Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol 1999, 246(suppl 2):II28-II41.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"84_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.4.511","volume":"67","author":"A Schrag","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schrag A, Samuel M, Caputo E, et al.: Unilateral pallidotomy for Parkinson\u2019s disease: results after more than 1 year. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999, 67:511\u2013517.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"84_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)03556-4","volume":"354","author":"RM Bie de","year":"1999","unstructured":"de BieRM, de Haan RJ, Nijssen PC, et al.: Unilateral pallidotomy in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomised, single-blind, multicentre trial. Lancet 1999, 354:1665\u20131669.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"84_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199903000-00011","volume":"44","author":"M Merello","year":"1999","unstructured":"Merello M, Nouzeilles MI, Cammarota A, et al.: Comparison of 1-year follow-up evaluations of patients with indication for pallidotomy who did not undergo surgery versus patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease who did undergo pallidotomy: a case control study. Neurosurgery 1999, 44:461\u2013467.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"84_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200003)15:2<230::AID-MDS1005>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"15","author":"MS Baron","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baron MS, Vitek JL, Bakay RA, et al.: Treatment of advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease by unilateral posterior GPi pallidotomy: 4-year results of a pilot study. Mov Disord 2000, 15:230\u2013237.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"84_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200006083422304","volume":"342","author":"J Fine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fine J, Duff J, Chen R, et al.: Long-term follow-up of unilateral pallidotomy in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 2000, 342:1708\u20131714. The largest group of patients with long-term follow-up, illustrating the enduring benefit of pallidotomy, but also the limitations of a unilateral lesion.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"84_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.3.337","volume":"69","author":"PK Pal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pal PK, Samii A, Kishore A, et al.: Long term outcome of unilateral pallidotomy: follow up of 15 patients for 3 years. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000, 69:337\u2013344.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"84_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.3.0375","volume":"92","author":"EN Eskandar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Eskandar EN, Shinobu LA, Penney JB Jr, et al.: Stereotactic pallidotomy performed without using microelectrode guidance in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: surgical technique and 2-year results. J Neurosurg 2000, 92:375\u2013383.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"84_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.12.2491","volume":"123","author":"A Kishore","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kishore A, Panikar D, Balakrishnan S, et al.: Evidence of functional somatotopy in GPi from results of pallidotomy. Brain 2000, 123:2491\u20132500.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"84_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.4.746","volume":"123","author":"WJ Lombardi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lombardi WJ, Gross RE, Trepanier LL, et al.: Relationship of lesion location to cognitive outcome following microelectrode-guided pallidotomy for Parkinson\u2019s disease: support for the existence of cognitive circuits in the human pallidum. Brain 2000, 123(Pt. 4):746\u2013758.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"84_CR20","first-page":"S21","volume":"55","author":"J Guridi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guridi J, Rodriquez-Oroz M, Lozano AM, et al.: Targeting the basal ganglia for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 2000, 55(suppl 6):S21-S28.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"84_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1159\/000029720","volume":"72","author":"MI Hariz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hariz MI, Fodstad H: Do microelectrode techniques increase accuracy or decrease risks in pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation? A critical review of the literature. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1999, 72:157\u2013169.","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"84_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1999.1111","volume":"42","author":"J Green","year":"2000","unstructured":"Green J, Barnhart H: The impact of lesion laterality on neuropsychological change following posterior pallidotomy: a review of current findings. Brain Cogn 2000, 42:379\u2013398.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"84_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199909)14:5<780::AID-MDS1010>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"14","author":"C Junque","year":"1999","unstructured":"Junque C, Alegret M, Nobbe FA, et al.: Cognitive and behavioral changes after unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy: relationship with lesional data from MRI. Mov Disord 1999, 14:780\u2013789.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"84_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.92.3.0384","volume":"92","author":"CS Kubu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kubu CS, Grace GM, Parrent AG: Cognitive outcome following pallidotomy: the influence of side of surgery and age of patient at disease onset. J Neurosurg 2000, 92:384\u2013389.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"84_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1999.1110","volume":"42","author":"LH Lacritz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lacritz LH, Cullum CM, Frol AB, et al.: Neuropsychological outcome following unilateral stereotactic pallidotomy in intractable Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Cogn 2000, 42:364\u2013378.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"84_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.3.326","volume":"69","author":"GM Rettig","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rettig GM, York MK, Lai EC, et al.: Neuropsychological outcome after unilateral pallidotomy for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000, 69:326\u2013336.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"84_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1999.1109","volume":"42","author":"GT Stebbins","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stebbins GT, Gabrieli JD, Shannon KM, et al.: Impaired frontostriatal cognitive functioning following posteroventral pallidotomy in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Cogn 2000, 42:348\u2013363.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"84_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1999.1108","volume":"42","author":"LL Trepanier","year":"2000","unstructured":"Trepanier LL, Kumar R, Lozano AM, et al.: Neuropsychological outcome of GPi pallidotomy and GPi or STN deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Cogn 2000, 42:324\u2013347.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"84_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200009)15:5<771::AID-MDS1003>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"15","author":"JA Saint-Cyr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Saint-Cyr JA, Trepanier LL: Neuropsychologic assessment of patients for movement disorder surgery. Mov Disord 2000, 15:771\u2013783.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"84_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.2.0313","volume":"91","author":"J Ghika","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ghika J, Ghika-Schmid F, Fankhauser H, et al.: Bilateral contemporaneous posteroventral pallidotomy for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease: neuropsychological and neurological side effects. Report of four cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 1999, 91:313\u2013321.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"84_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1159\/000099853","volume":"69","author":"VM Tronnier","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tronnier VM, Fogel W, Kronenbueger M, et al.: Is the medial globus pallidus a site for stimulation or lesioning in the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease? Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1997, 69:62\u201368.","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"84_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1159\/000062056","volume":"15","author":"CE Gross","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gross CE: Stimulation of the globus pallidus internus. Prog Neurol Surg 2000, 15:148\u2013155.","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Surg"},{"key":"84_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.1.249","volume":"49","author":"R Pahwa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pahwa R, Wilkinson S, Smith D, et al.: High frequency stimulation of the globus pallidus for the treatment of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 1997, 49:249\u2013253.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"84_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1997.87.4.0491","volume":"87","author":"C Gross","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gross C, Rougier A, Guehi D, et al.: High frequency stimulation of the globus pallidus internalis in Parkisnon\u2019s disease: a study of seven cases. J Neurosurg 1997, 87:491\u2013497.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"84_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440615","volume":"44","author":"J Volkmann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Volkmann J, Weiss SV, Kappler J: Bilateral high frequency stimulation of the internal globus pallidus in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 1998, 44:953\u2013961.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"84_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.5.0713","volume":"89","author":"J Ghika","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ghika J, Villemure JG, Fankhauser H, et al.: Efficiency and safety of bilateral contemporaneous pallidal stimulation (deep brain stimulation) in levodopa responsive patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease with severe motor fluctuations: a 2 year follow up review. J Neurosurg 1998, 89:713\u2013718.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"84_CR37","first-page":"S34","volume":"55","author":"R Kumar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kumar R, Lang AE, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, et al.: Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus pars interna in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 2000, 55:S34-S39. Multicenter trial of the largest series of patients reported to date. As with similar series, the patients were not randomized, the assessments were not blinded, and only short-term results were reported.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"84_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.6.1564","volume":"49","author":"B Bejjani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bejjani B, Damier P, Bonnet AM, et al.: Pallidal stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease: two targets? Neurology 1997, 49:1564\u20131569.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"S1","key":"84_CR39","first-page":"131","volume":"12","author":"R Kumar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kumar R, Sime E, Lozano A, Lang AE: Abnormal involuntary movements induced by globus pallidus internus stimulation in parkinsonian patients [abstract]. Mov Disord 1997, 12(S1):131.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"84_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(199901)14:1<50::AID-MDS1010>3.0.CO;2-6","volume":"14","author":"M Merello","year":"1999","unstructured":"Merello M, Nouzeilles MI, Kuzis G, et al.: Unilateral radiofrequency lesion versus electrostimulation of posteroventral pallidum: a prosepctive randomized comparison. Mov Disord 1999, 14:50\u201356.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"84_CR41","first-page":"235","volume":"74","author":"J Guridi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Guridi J, Obeso JA: The role of the subthalamic nucleus in the origin of hemiballism and parkinsonism: new surgical perspectives. Adv Neurol 1997, 74:235\u2013247.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"84_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez L, Macias R, Guridi J, et al.: Dorsal subthalamotomy for Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 2001, in press.","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200101)16:1<72::AID-MDS1019>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"84_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870150703","volume":"15","author":"J Obeso","year":"2000","unstructured":"Obeso J: Subthalamotomy for Parkinson\u2019s Disease [abstract]. Mov Disord 2000, 15:8.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"84_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00505.x","volume":"5","author":"A Benazzouz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Benazzouz A, Gross C, Ferger J, et al.: Reversal of rigidity and improvement in motor performance by subthalamic high-frequency stimulation in MPTP-treated monkeys. Eur J Neurosci 1993, 5:382\u2013389.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"84_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870110606","volume":"11","author":"A Benazzouz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benazzouz A, Boraud T, Ferger J, et al.: Alleviation of experimental hemiparkinsonism by high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in primates: a comparison with L-dopa treatment. Mov Disord 1996, 11:627\u2013632.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"84_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391603","volume":"339","author":"P Limousin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Limousin P, Krack P, Pollak P, et al.: Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:1105\u20131111. Largest series of patients described thus far, reported by the group that pioneered subthalamic nucleus stimulation.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"84_CR47","first-page":"S45","volume":"55","author":"MC Rodriguez-Oroz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Gorospe A, Guridi J, et al.: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 2000, 55:S45-S51. Second largest series reported to date, confirming the experience of Limousin et al. [46].","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"84_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.3.451","volume":"121","author":"P Krack","year":"1998","unstructured":"Krack P, Pollak P, Limousin P, et al.: Subthalamic nucleus or internal pallidal stimulation in young-onset Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 1998, 121:106\u2013112.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"84_CR49","first-page":"73","volume":"13","author":"R Kumar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kumar R, Lozano AM, Montgomery E, Lang AE: Pallidotomy and deep brain stimulation of the pallidum and subthalamic nucleus in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 1998, 13 (suppl 1):73\u201382.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"84_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.4.548","volume":"56","author":"J Volkmann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Volkmann J, Allert N, Voges J, et al.: Safety and efficacy of pallidal or subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced PD. Neurology 2001, 56:548\u2013551.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"84_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199905133401905","volume":"340","author":"BP Bejjani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bejjani BP, Damier P, Arnulf I, et al.: Transient acute depression induced by high-frequency deep brain stimulation. N Engl J Med 1999, 340:1476\u20131480.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"84_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.10.1856","volume":"44","author":"D Caparros-Lefebvre","year":"1994","unstructured":"Caparros-Lefebvre D, Ruchoux MM, Blond S, et al.: Long-term thalamic stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: postmoretem anatomoclinical study. Neurology 1994, 44:1856\u20131860.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"84_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380307","volume":"38","author":"TB Freeman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Freeman TB, Olanow CW, Hauser RA, et al.: Bilateral fetal nigral transplantation into the postcommissural putamen in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol 1995, 38:379\u2013388.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"84_CR54","first-page":"88","volume":"13","author":"JH Kordower","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kordower JH, Freeman TB, Olanow CW: Neuropathology of fetal nigral grafts in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 1998, 13(suppl 1):88\u201395.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"84_CR55","first-page":"83","volume":"13","author":"O Lindvall","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lindvall O: Update on fetal transplantation: the Swedish experience. Mov Disord 1998, 13(suppl_1):83\u201387.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"84_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.6.1121","volume":"122","author":"P Hagell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hagell P, Schrag A, Piccini P, et al.: Sequential bilateral transplantation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: effects of the second graft. Brain 1999, 122(Pt 6):1121\u20131132. Excellent account of the Swedish approach to fetal cell transplantation.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"84_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103083441002","volume":"344","author":"CR Freed","year":"2001","unstructured":"Freed CR, Greene PE, Breeze RE, et al.: Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 2001, 344:710\u2013719. First randomized, double-blind study of fetal cell transplantation using sham surgery as control. This study has generated considerable controversy, which is alluded to in accompanying editorials.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"84_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.7.1380","volume":"123","author":"P Brundin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brundin P, Pogarell O, Hagell P, et al.: Bilateral caudate and putamen grafts of embryonic mesencephalic tissue treated with lazaroids in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 2000, 123(Pt 7):1380\u20131390.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"84_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2000.00796.x","volume":"52","author":"LC Larsson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Larsson LC, Widner H: Neural tissue xenografting. Scand J Immunol 2000, 52:249\u2013256.","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"84_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.5.1042","volume":"54","author":"JM Schumacher","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schumacher JM, Ellias SA, Palmer EP, et al.: Transplantation of embryonic porcine mesencephalic tissue in patients with PD. Neurology 2000, 54:1042\u20131050.","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0084-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0084-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0084-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T04:03:55Z","timestamp":1683864235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0084-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]}},"alternative-id":["84"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-001-0084-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-4042","1534-6293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-4042","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]}}}