{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:26:45Z","timestamp":1790400405148,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-008-0073-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,21]],"date-time":"2008-11-21T12:53:34Z","timestamp":1227272014000},"page":"455-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and the impact of combination antiretroviral therapies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Beau M.","family":"Ances","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"73_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380170081023","volume":"256","author":"S. Gartner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gartner S, Markovits P, Markovitz DM, et al.: Virus isolation from and identification of HTLV-III\/LAV-producing cells in brain tissue from a patient with AIDS. JAMA 1986, 256:2365\u20132371.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"73_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190603","volume":"19","author":"B.A. Navia","year":"1986","unstructured":"Navia BA, Cho ES, Petito CK, Price RW: The AIDS dementia complex: II. Neuropathology. Ann Neurol 1986, 19:525\u2013535.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190602","volume":"19","author":"B.A. Navia","year":"1986","unstructured":"Navia BA, Jordan BD, Price RW: The AIDS dementia complex: I. Clinical features. Ann Neurol 1986, 19:517\u2013524.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30999-X","volume":"4","author":"R.W. Price","year":"1986","unstructured":"Price RW, Navia BA, Cho ES: AIDS encephalopathy. Neurol Clin 1986, 4:285\u2013301.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"73_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nomenclature and research case definitions for neurologic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Report of a Working Group of the American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force. Neurology 1991, 41:778\u2013785.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.6.778"},{"key":"73_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289609146906","volume":"2","author":"N.C. Sacktor","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sacktor NC, Bacellar H, Hoover DR, et al.: Psychomotor slowing in HIV infection: a predictor of dementia, AIDS and death. J Neurovirol 1996, 2:404\u2013410.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"73_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.2.125","volume":"10","author":"F.L. Wilkie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wilkie FL, Goodkin K, Eisdorfer C, et al.: Mild cognitive impairment and risk of mortality in HIV-1 infection. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998, 10:125\u2013132.","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"73_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200401001-00012","volume":"18","author":"V.G. Valcour","year":"2004","unstructured":"Valcour VG, Shikuma CM, Watters MR, Sacktor NC: Cognitive impairment in older HIV-1-seropositive individuals: prevalence and potential mechanisms. AIDS 2004, 18(Suppl 1):S79\u2013S86.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"73_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.2.257","volume":"56","author":"N. Sacktor","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sacktor N, Lyles RH, Skolasky R, et al.: HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990-1998. Neurology 2001, 56:257\u2013260.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"73_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F65","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199808000-00002","volume":"12","author":"S. Ferrando","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferrando S, van Gorp W, McElhiney M, et al.: Highly active antiretroviral treatment in HIV infection: benefits for neuropsychological function. AIDS 1998, 12:F65\u2013F70.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"73_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.02289.x","volume":"106","author":"F. Starace","year":"2002","unstructured":"Starace F, Bartoli L, Aloisi MS, et al.: Cognitive and affective disorders associated to HIV infection in the HAART era: findings from the NeuroICONA study. Cognitive impairment and depression in HIV\/AIDS. The NeuroICONA study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002, 106:20\u201326.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"73_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2040","volume":"8","author":"R. Ellis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ellis R, Langford D, Masliah E: HIV and antiretroviral therapy in the brain: neuronal injury and repair. Nat Rev Neurosci 2007, 8:33\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"73_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b","volume":"69","author":"A. Antinori","year":"2007","unstructured":"Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, et al.: Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology 2007, 69:1789\u20131799.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"73_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200012220-00005","volume":"14","author":"R.G. Gonzalez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gonzalez RG, Cheng LL, Westmoreland SV, et al.: Early brain injury in the SIV-macaque model of AIDS. AIDS 2000, 14:2841\u20132849.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"73_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199203000-00007","volume":"51","author":"F. Gray","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gray F, Lescs MC, Keohane C, et al.: Early brain changes in HIV infection: neuropathological study of 11 HIV seropositive, non-AIDS cases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1992, 51:177\u2013185.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1038\/35073667","volume":"410","author":"M. Kaul","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaul M, Garden GA, Lipton SA: Pathways to neuronal injury and apoptosis in HIV-associated dementia. Nature 2001, 410:988\u2013994.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"73_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.01.004","volume":"185","author":"M. Ricardo-Dukelow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ricardo-Dukelow M, Kadiu I, Rozek W, et al.: HIV-1 infected monocyte-derived macrophages affect the human brain microvascular endothelial cell proteome: new insights into blood-brain barrier dysfunction for HIV-1-associated dementia. J Neuroimmunol 2007, 185:37\u201346.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"73_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1527","volume":"5","author":"F. Gonzalez-Scarano","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Scarano F, Martin-Garcia J: The neuropathogenesis of AIDS. Nat Rev Immunol 2005, 5:69\u201381.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"73_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01821-7","volume":"8","author":"R.W. Price","year":"2000","unstructured":"Price RW: The two faces of HIV infection of cerebrospinal fluid. Trends Microbiol 2000, 8:387\u2013391.","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"73_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1772-1788.2005","volume":"79","author":"M.C. Strain","year":"2005","unstructured":"Strain MC, Letendre S, Pillai SK, et al.: Genetic composition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid and blood without treatment and during failing antiretroviral therapy. J Virol 2005, 79:1772\u20131788.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"73_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-199606000-00013","volume":"9","author":"C.L. Achim","year":"1996","unstructured":"Achim CL, Wiley CA: inflammation in AIDS and the role of the macrophage in brain pathology. Curr Opin Neurol 1996, 9:221\u2013225.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5294.1917","volume":"274","author":"D.C. Adamson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Adamson DC, Wildemann B, Sasaki M, et al.: Immunologic NO synthase: elevation in severe AIDS dementia and induction by HIV-1 gp41. Science 1996, 274:1917\u20131921.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"73_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80022-0","volume":"16","author":"H.S. Nottet","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nottet HS, Gendelman HE: Unraveling the neuroimmune mechanisms for the HIV-1-associated cognitive\/motor complex. Immunol Today 1995, 16:441\u2013448.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"73_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199201000-00002","volume":"51","author":"L.R. Sharer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sharer LR: Pathology of HIV-1 infection of the central nervous system. A review. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1992, 51:3\u201311.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420618","volume":"42","author":"E. Masliah","year":"1997","unstructured":"Masliah E, Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, et al.: Dendritic injury is a pathological substrate for human immunodeficiency virus-related cognitive disorders. HNRC Group. The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Ann Neurol 1997, 42:963\u2013972.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280600713932","volume":"12","author":"D. Langford","year":"2006","unstructured":"Langford D, Marquie-Beck J, de Almeida S, et al.: Relationship of antiretroviral treatment to postmortem brain tissue viral load in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. J Neurovirol 2006, 12:100\u2013107.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"73_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-956759","volume":"27","author":"B.M. Ances","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ances BM, Ellis RJ: Dementia and neurocognitive disorders due to HIV-1 infection. Semin Neurol 2007, 27:86\u201392.","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.10.3.320","volume":"10","author":"S.A. Castellon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Castellon SA, Hinkin CH, Wood S, Yarema KT: Apathy, depression, and cognitive performance in HIV-1 infection. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998, 10:320\u2013329.","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"73_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199503010-00008","volume":"8","author":"C. Power","year":"1995","unstructured":"Power C, Selnes OA, Grim JA, McArthur JC: HIV Dementia Scale: a rapid screening test. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1995, 8:273\u2013278.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol"},{"key":"73_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200305010-00018","volume":"33","author":"C.A. Smith","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smith CA, van Gorp WG, Ryan ER, et al.: Screening subtle HIV-related cognitive dysfunction: the clinical utility of the HIV dementia scale. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2003, 33:116\u2013118.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"73_CR31","first-page":"615","volume":"16","author":"V. Wojna","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wojna V, Nath A: Challenges to the diagnosis and management of HIV dementia. AIDS Read 2006, 16:615\u2013616, 621\u2013614, 626, 629\u2013632.","journal-title":"AIDS Read"},{"issue":"Suppl3","key":"73_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280500513762","volume":"11","author":"D.B. Clifford","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clifford DB, Yang Y, Evans S: Neurologic consequences of hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. J Neurovirol 2005, 11(Suppl 3):67\u201371.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"73_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00008","volume":"143","author":"D.B. Clifford","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clifford DB, Evans S, Yang Y, et al.: Impact of efavirenz on neuropsychological performance and symptoms in HIV-infected individuals. Ann Intern Med 2005, 143:714\u2013721.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"73_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04201.x","volume":"88","author":"K. Hestad","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hestad K, McArthur JH, Dal Pan GJ, et al.: Regional brain atrophy in HIV-1 infection: association with specific neuropsychological test performance. Acta Neurol Scand 1993, 88:112\u2013118.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"73_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00232-5","volume":"19","author":"T. Ernst","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ernst T, Chang L, Arnold S: Increased glial metabolites predict increased working memory network activation in HIV brain injury. Neuroimage 2003, 19:1686\u20131693.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"73_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.5.995","volume":"52","author":"D.J. Meyerhoff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Meyerhoff DJ, Bloomer C, Cardenas V, et al.: Elevated subcortical choline metabolites in cognitively and clinically asymptomatic HIV+ patients. Neurology 1999, 52:995\u20131003.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"73_CR37","first-page":"195","volume":"25","author":"A.B. Ragin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ragin AB, Storey P, Cohen BA, et al.: Whole brain diffusion tensor imaging in HIV-associated cognitive impairment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004, 25:195\u2013200.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"73_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20190","volume":"56","author":"L. Chang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chang L, Tomasi D, Yakupov R, et al.: Adaptation of the attention network in human immunodeficiency virus brain injury. Ann Neurol 2004, 56:259\u2013272.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203524.57993.e2","volume":"66","author":"B.M. Ances","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ances BM, Roc AC, Wang J, et al.: Caudate blood flow and volume are reduced in HIV+ neurocognitively impaired patients. Neurology 2006, 66:862\u2013866.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"73_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000165799.59322.f5","volume":"39","author":"L.A. Cysique","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cysique LA, Brew BJ, Halman M, et al.: Undetectable cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA and beta-2 microglobulin do not indicate inactive AIDS dementia complex in highly active antiretroviral therapy-treated patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2005, 39:426\u2013429.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"73_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410420503","volume":"42","author":"R.J. Ellis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ellis RJ, Hsia K, Spector SA, et al.: Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA levels are elevated in neurocognitively impaired individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center Group. Ann Neurol 1997, 42:679\u2013688.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278457.55877.eb","volume":"69","author":"R.W. Price","year":"2007","unstructured":"Price RW, Epstein LG, Becker JT, et al.: Biomarkers of HIV-1 CNS infection and injury. Neurology 2007, 69:1781\u20131788.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"73_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1086\/518043","volume":"195","author":"M. Gisslen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gisslen M, Hagberg L, Brew BJ, et al.: Elevated cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light protein concentrations predict the development of AIDS dementia complex. J Infect Dis 2007, 195:1774\u20131778.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"73_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183293.95787.b7","volume":"65","author":"B.J. Brew","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brew BJ, Pemberton L, Blennow K, et al.: CSF amyloid beta42 and tau levels correlate with AIDS dementia complex. Neurology 2005, 65:1490\u20131492.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"73_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000038347.48137.67","volume":"59","author":"C.H. Hinkin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hinkin CH, Castellon SA, Durvasula RS, et al.: Medication adherence among HIV+ adults: effects of cognitive dysfunction and regimen complexity. Neurology 2002, 59:1944\u20131950.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"73_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000227922.22293.93","volume":"67","author":"A. Venkataramana","year":"2006","unstructured":"Venkataramana A, Pardo CA, McArthur JC, et al.: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in the CNS of HIV-infected patients. Neurology 2006, 67:383\u2013388.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"73_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2007.31","volume":"65","author":"S. Letendre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Letendre S, Marquie-Beck J, Capparelli E, et al.: Validation of the CNS penetration-effectiveness rank for quantifying antiretroviral penetration into the central nervous system. Arch Neurol 2008, 65:65\u201370.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"73_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ances BM, Roc AC, Korczykowski M, et al.: Combination anti-retroviral therapy modulates the blood oxygen level dependent amplitude in HIV+ patients. J Neurovirol 2008 (in press).","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280802298112"},{"key":"73_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.1.233","volume":"54","author":"N. Sacktor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sacktor N, Schifitto G, McDermott MP, et al.: Transdermal selegiline in HIV-associated cognitive impairment: pilot, placebo-controlled study. Neurology 2000, 54:233\u2013235.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"73_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.16.2003","volume":"293","author":"M.C. Zink","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zink MC, Uhrlaub J, DeWitt J, et al.: Neuroprotective and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of minocycline. JAMA 2005, 293:2003\u20132011.","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-008-0073-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11910-008-0073-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-008-0073-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T00:24:41Z","timestamp":1559435081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11910-008-0073-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["73"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-008-0073-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-4042","1534-6293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-4042","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}