{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T21:56:07Z","timestamp":1774994167853,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1249084800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-009-0056-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,31]],"date-time":"2009-07-31T11:54:31Z","timestamp":1249041271000},"page":"384-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Current pharmacologic testing for horner syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mansoor","family":"Mughal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reid","family":"Longmuir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"56_CR1","unstructured":"du Petit FP: M\u00e9moire dans lequel il est d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les nerfs intercostaux fournissent des rameaux que portent des esprits dans les yeux. Paris, M\u00e9m: Hist Acad Roy Sci; 1727:1\u201319."},{"key":"56_CR2","first-page":"381","volume":"55","author":"C. Bernard","year":"1852","unstructured":"Bernard C: Des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes oculo-pupillaires produits par la section du nerf sympathique cervical: ils sont ind\u00e9pendants des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes vasculaires calorifiques de la t\u00eate. Comptes rendus de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences, Paris 1852, 55:381\u2013388.","journal-title":"Comptes rendus de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences, Paris"},{"key":"56_CR3","volume-title":"Gunshot Wounds and Other Injuries of Nerves","author":"S. Weir Mitchell","year":"1864","unstructured":"Weir Mitchell S, Keen W Jr, Morehouse GR: Gunshot Wounds and Other Injuries of Nerves. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1864. (Reprinted; San Francisco: Norman Publishing; 1989.)"},{"key":"56_CR4","first-page":"193","volume":"7","author":"J.F. Horner","year":"1869","unstructured":"Horner JF: On a form of ptosis. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 1869, 7:193\u2013198.","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"56_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2353(1999)12:5<345::AID-CA5>3.0.CO;2-L","volume":"12","author":"H.S. Amonoo-Kuofi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amonoo-Kuofi HS: Horner\u2019s syndrome revisited: with an update of the central pathway. Clin Anat 1999, 12:345\u2013361.","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"56_CR6","first-page":"412","volume-title":"In Adler\u2019s Physiology of the Eye","author":"H.S. Thompson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Thompson HS. The pupil. In Adler\u2019s Physiology of the Eye, edn 9. Edited by Hart WM Jr. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1992:412\u2013441.","edition":"9"},{"key":"56_CR7","first-page":"321","volume-title":"In Clinical Decisions in Neuroophthalmology","author":"R.M. Burde","year":"1992","unstructured":"Burde RM, Savino PJ, Trobe JD: Anisocoria and abnormal papillary light reactions. In Clinical Decisions in Neuroophthalmology, edn 2. Edited by Kist KM. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1992:321\u2013346.","edition":"2"},{"key":"56_CR8","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Clinical Anatomy of the Eye","author":"R.S. Snell","year":"1989","unstructured":"Snell RS, Lemp MA: Clinical Anatomy of the Eye. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1989:297\u2013317."},{"key":"56_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.59.12.731","volume":"59","author":"S.F.J. Pilley","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pilley SFJ, Thompson HS: Pupillary \u201cdilation lag\u201d in Horner\u2019s syndrome. Br J Ophthalmol 1976, 59:731\u2013735.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988609400409","volume":"94","author":"G. Smith","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smith G, Dyches TJ, Burden RM: Topographical analysis of Horner syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1986, 94:451\u2013457.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"56_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1980.01020031064011","volume":"98","author":"J.M. Weinstein","year":"1980","unstructured":"Weinstein JM, Lweifel TJ, Thompson HS: Congenital Horner\u2019s Syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1980, 98:1074\u20131078.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.62.6.626","volume":"62","author":"D.A. Morrison","year":"1997","unstructured":"Morrison DA, Bibby K, Woodruff G: The \u201charlequin\u201d sign and congenital Horner syndrome. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997, 62:626\u2013628.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"56_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540060049016","volume":"50","author":"R.L. Sacco","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sacco RL, Freddo L, Bello JA, et al.: Wallenberg\u2019s lateral medullary syndrome: clinical-magnetic resonance imaging correlations. Arch Neurol 1993, 50:609\u2013614.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"56_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01340-5","volume":"133","author":"H. Pomeranz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pomeranz H: Isolated Horner syndrome and syrinx of the cervical spinal cord. Am J Ophthalmol 2002, 133:702\u2013704.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(98)00374-9","volume":"66","author":"S. Attar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Attar S, Krasna MJ, Sonett JR, et al.: Superior sulcus tumor: experience with 105 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1998, 66:193\u2013198.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"56_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200112000-00027","volume":"49","author":"M. Rosner","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rosner M, Fisher W, Mulligan L: Cervical sympathetic schwannoma: case report. Neurosurgery 2001, 49:1452\u20131454.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"56_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940010900109","volume":"109","author":"R.J. Hood","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hood RJ, Jensen ME, Reibel JF, et al.: Schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic chain. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000, 109:48\u201351.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"56_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)34835-0","volume":"32","author":"B. L\u00f3pez-Ibor","year":"1985","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ibor B, Schwartz AD: Neuroblastoma. Pediatr Clin North Am 1985, 32:755\u2013778.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"56_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990715)86:2<349::AID-CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-Y","volume":"86","author":"H. Shimada","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shimada H, Ambros I, Dehner L, et al.: Terminology and morphologic criteria of neuroblastic tumors. Cancer 1999, 86:349\u2013363.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"56_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100101677","volume":"101","author":"A.H. Al-Jassim","year":"1987","unstructured":"Al-Jassim AH: Cervical ganglioneuroblastoma. J Laryngol Otol 1987, 101:296\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"56_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-105-4-550","volume":"105","author":"R. Levin","year":"1986","unstructured":"Levin R, Newman SA, Login IS: Bilateral Horner syndrome secondary to multinodular goiter. Ann Intern Med 1986, 105:550\u2013551.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"56_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198606000-00023","volume":"11","author":"R. Kumar","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kumar R, Buckley TF: First disc protrusion. Spine 1986, 11:499\u2013501.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"56_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00822844","volume":"11","author":"S. Inci","year":"1995","unstructured":"Inci S, Bertan V, Kansu T, Cila A: Horner\u2019s syndrome due to jugular venous ectasia. Childs Nerv Syst 1995, 11:533\u2013535.","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"56_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050978","volume":"10","author":"E. Delabrousse","year":"2000","unstructured":"Delabrousse E, Kastler B, Bernard Y, et al.: MR diagnosis of a congenital abnormality of the thoracic aorta with an aneurysm of the right subclavian artery presenting as a Horner\u2019s syndrome in an adult. Eur Radiol 2000, 10:650\u2013652.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"56_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200109000-00040","volume":"95","author":"G. Ekatodramis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ekatodramis G, Macaire P, Borgeat A: Prolonged Horner syndrome due to neck hematoma after continuous interscalene block. Anesthesiology 2001, 95:801\u2013803.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"56_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1995.hed3503163.x","volume":"35","author":"D. Auer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Auer D, Karnath HO, Nagele T, et al.: Case report: noninvasive investigation of pericarotid syndrome: role of MR angiography in the diagnosis of internal carotid dissection. Headache 1995, 35:163\u2013168.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"56_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710000144X","volume":"28","author":"N. Guy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guy N, Deffond D, Gabrillargues J, et al.: Spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection with lower cranial nerve palsy. Can J Neurol Sci 2001, 28:265\u2013269.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"56_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2001.d01-24.x","volume":"29","author":"C.C. Chan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chan CC, Paine M, O\u2019Day J: Carotid dissection: a common cause of Horner syndrome. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2001, 29:411\u2013415.","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.1.289","volume":"50","author":"E.C. Leira","year":"1998","unstructured":"Leira EC, Bendixen BH, Kardon RH, et al.: Brief transient Horner syndrome can be the hallmark of a carotid artery dissection. Neurology 1998, 50:289\u2013290.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"56_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1993.hed3308449.x","volume":"33","author":"R.K. Khurana","year":"1993","unstructured":"Khurana RK: Bilateral Horner syndrome in cluster type headaches. Headache 1993, 33:449\u2013451.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"56_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100140307","volume":"112","author":"S.C. Coley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coley SC, Clifton A, Britton J: Giant aneurysm of the petrous internal carotid artery: diagnosis and treatment. J Laryngol Otol 1998, 112:196\u2013198.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"56_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00006-8","volume":"107","author":"F.H. Ryan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ryan FH, Kline LB, Gomez C: Congenital Horner syndrome resulting from agenesis of the internal carotid artery. Ophthalmology 2000, 107:185\u2013188.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"56_CR33","first-page":"4029","volume-title":"In Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology","author":"R.H. Kardon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kardon RH. The pupils and accommodation. In Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, edn 2. Edited by Albert DM, Jakobiec FA. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 2000:4029\u20134051.","edition":"2"},{"key":"56_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1990.01070050082036","volume":"108","author":"R.H. Kardon","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kardon RH, Denison CE, Brown CK, Thompson HS: Critical evaluation of the cocaine test in the diagnosis of Horner\u2019s syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1990, 108:384\u2013387.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2007.11.003","volume":"18","author":"D.L. Reede","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reede DL, Garcon E, Smoker WR, Kardon R: Horner\u2019s syndrome: clinical and radiographic evaluation. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2008, 18:369\u2013385, xi.","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"56_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70395-2","volume":"122","author":"S.P. Donahue","year":"1996","unstructured":"Donahue SP, Lavin PJ, Digre K: False negative hydroxyamphetamine test in acute Horner\u2019s syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 1996, 122:900\u2013901.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR37","first-page":"951","volume":"118","author":"J. Morales","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morales J, Brown SM, Abdul-Rahim AS, Crosson CE: Ocular effects of apraclonidine in Horner syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2000, 118:951\u2013954.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.074492","volume":"89","author":"F. Koc","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koc F, Kavuncu S, Kansu T, et al.: The sensitivity and specificity of 0.5% apraclonidine in the diagnosis of oculosympathetic paresis. Br J Ophthalmol 2005, 89:1442\u20131444.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2007.02.015","volume":"11","author":"P. Watts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Watts P, Satterfield D, Lim MK: Adverse effects of apraclonidine used in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome in infants. J AAPOS 2007, 11:282\u2013283.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"key":"56_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00083-5","volume":"128","author":"J. Carlsen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Carlsen J, Zabriskie N, Known Y, et al.: Apparent central nervous system depression in infants after the use of topical brimonidine. Am J Ophthalmol 1999, 128:255\u2013256.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR41","first-page":"281","volume":"5","author":"I. Enyedi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Enyedi I, Freedman SF: Safety and efficacy of brimonidine in children with glaucoma. J JAAPOS 2001, 5:281\u2013284.","journal-title":"J JAAPOS"},{"key":"56_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.2.276","volume":"122","author":"D.A. Bacal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bacal DA, Manche EE: The role of apraclonidine in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome in pediatric patients. Arch Ophthalmol 2004, 122:276\u2013279.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2006.22.182","volume":"22","author":"P.L. Chen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chen PL, Chen JT, Lu DW, et al.: Comparing efficacies of 0.5% apraclonidine with 4% cocaine in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome in pediatric patients. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006, 22:182\u2013187.","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"56_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.8.1201","volume":"121","author":"S.M. Brown","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brown SM, Aouchiche R, Freedman KA: The utility of 0.5% apraclonidine in the diagnosis of Horner syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 2003, 121:1201\u20131203.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"56_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-162","volume":"44","author":"M.A. Dewan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dewan MA, Harrison AR, Lee MS: False-negative apraclonidine testing in acute Horner syndrome. Can J Ophthalmol 2009, 44:109\u2013110.","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-009-0056-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11910-009-0056-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-009-0056-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T00:28:17Z","timestamp":1559435297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11910-009-0056-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["56"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-009-0056-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-4042","1534-6293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-4042","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]}}}