{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T01:12:40Z","timestamp":1792977160830,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0600-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T14:43:37Z","timestamp":1445352217000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prevention of Stroke in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Alicia M.","family":"Zha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Di Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9za","family":"Behrouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.09.009","volume":"277","author":"R Behrouz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Behrouz R. The risk of ischemic stroke in major rheumatic disorders. J Neuroimmunol. 2014;277:1\u20135. A general review of the risk and epidemiology of ischemic stroke in major rheumatic disorders including RA.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5110","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05110","volume":"4","author":"TH Liou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liou TH, Huang SW, Lin JW, et al. Risk of stroke in patients with rheumatism: a nationwide longitudinal population-based study. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5110. A large population based study or RA and lupus patients suggesting a strong association of stroke with RA.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"600_CR3","first-page":"3","volume":"69","author":"NJ Minaur","year":"2004","unstructured":"Minaur NJ, Jacoby RK, Cosh JA, et al. Outcome after 40\u00a0years with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study of function, disease activity, and mortality. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2004;69:3\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"600_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24092","volume":"59","author":"JA Avina-Zubieta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Avina-Zubieta JA, Choi HK, Sadatsafavi M, et al. Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:1690\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR5","first-page":"641","volume":"27","author":"A Sodergren","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sodergren A, Stegmayr B, Ohman ML, Wallberg-Jonsson S. Increased incidence of stroke and impaired prognosis after stroke among patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2009;27:641\u20134. A study based on a large Swedish registry reporting an increased risk of stoke and subsequent mortality in RA patients, compared to the general population.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33322","volume":"64","author":"AK Bacani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bacani AK, Gabriel SE, Crowson CS, et al. Noncardiac vascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: increase in venous thromboembolic events? Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:53\u201361.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.050377","volume":"65","author":"DH Solomon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solomon DH, Goodson NJ, Katz JN, et al. Patterns of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1608\u201312.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000054612.26458.B2","volume":"107","author":"DH Solomon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Solomon DH, Karlson EW, Rimm EB, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in women diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation. 2003;107:1303\u20137.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.122226","volume":"69","author":"DH Solomon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Solomon DH, Kremer J, Curtis JR, et al. Explaining the cardiovascular risk associated with rheumatoid arthritis: traditional risk factors versus markers of rheumatoid arthritis severity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:1920\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.07.016","volume":"78","author":"JF Boyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boyer JF, Gourraud PA, Cantagrel A, et al. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2011;78:179\u201383.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.094151","volume":"68","author":"VP Halm van","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Halm VP, Peters MJ, Voskuyl AE, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis versus diabetes as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study, the CARRE Investigation. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1395\u2013400.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR12","first-page":"937","volume":"34","author":"MC Aubry","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aubry MC, Maradit-Kremers H, Reinalda MS, et al. Differences in atherosclerotic coronary heart disease between subjects with and without rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:937\u201342.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200112)44:12<2737::AID-ART460>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"44","author":"ID Rincon del","year":"2001","unstructured":"del Rincon ID, Williams K, Stern MP, et al. High incidence of cardiovascular events in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort not explained by traditional cardiac risk factors. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44:2737\u201345. A study suggesting RA could be an independent risk factor for stroke.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR14","first-page":"1403","volume":"30","author":"PH Dessein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dessein PH, Joffe BI, Stanwix AE. Inflammation, insulin resistance, and aberrant lipid metabolism as cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:1403\u20135.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR15","first-page":"2311","volume":"32","author":"HK Choi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Choi HK, Seeger JD. Lipid profiles among US elderly with untreated rheumatoid arthritis\u2014the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:2311\u20136.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11078","volume":"48","author":"I Rincon Del","year":"2003","unstructured":"Del Rincon I, Williams K, Stern MP, et al. Association between carotid atherosclerosis and markers of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:1833\u201340. One of the earliest reports of linking RA to early atherosclerosis.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22482","volume":"57","author":"MA Gonzalez-Gay","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Lopez-Diaz MJ, et al. HLA-DRB1 and persistent chronic inflammation contribute to cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:125\u201332.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21204","volume":"52","author":"NJ Goodson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goodson NJ, Symmons DP, Scott DG, et al. Baseline levels of C-reactive protein and prediction of death from cardiovascular disease in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis: a ten-year follow up study of a primary care-based inception cohort. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2293\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR19","first-page":"2562","volume":"26","author":"S Wallberg-Jonsson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wallberg-Jonsson S, Johansson H, Ohman ML, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S. Extent of inflammation predicts cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. A retrospective cohort study from disease onset. J Rheumatol. 1999;26:2562\u201371.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22979","volume":"56","author":"A Gonzalez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonzalez A, Maradit Kremers H, Crowson CS, et al. The widening mortality gap between rheumatoid arthritis patients and the general population. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:3583\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR21","first-page":"281","volume":"71","author":"JM Hallenbeck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hallenbeck JM. Inflammatory reactions at the blood-endothelial interface in acute stroke. Adv Neurol. 1996;71:281\u201397. discussion 297-300.","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"600_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200106000-00014","volume":"14","author":"KJ Becker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Becker KJ. Targeting the central nervous system inflammatory response in ischemic stroke. Curr Opin Neurol. 2001;14:349\u201353.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"600_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000099844.31524.05","volume":"108","author":"N Sattar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sattar N, McCarey DW, Capell H, McInnes IB. Explaining how \u201chigh-grade\u201d systemic inflammation accelerates vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation. 2003;108:2957\u201363.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra043430","volume":"352","author":"GK Hansson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hansson GK. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1685\u201395.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23149","volume":"58","author":"TM Farragher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farragher TM, Goodson NJ, Naseem H, et al. Association of the HLA-DRB1 gene with premature death, particularly from cardiovascular disease, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory polyarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:359\u201369.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/1759720X13491025","volume":"5","author":"IA Oever van den","year":"2013","unstructured":"van den Oever IA, van Sijl AM, Nurmohamed MT. Management of cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: evidence and expert opinion. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2013;5:166\u201381. Closet body of literature to a guideline for manamgnent of cardiovascular risk specifically in RA patients.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis"},{"key":"600_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toussirot E, Michel F, Binda D, Dumoulin G. The role of leptin in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci. 2015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2015.05.001"},{"key":"600_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000065228.20100.F7","volume":"107","author":"JD Curb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Curb JD, Abbott RD, Rodriguez BL, et al. C-reactive protein and the future risk of thromboembolic stroke in healthy men. Circulation. 2003;107:2016\u201320.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"600_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1202-1363","volume":"8","author":"JM Hallenbeck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hallenbeck JM. The many faces of tumor necrosis factor in stroke. Nat Med. 2002;8:1363\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"600_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e78151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078151","volume":"8","author":"J Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang J, Fu L, Shi J, et al. The risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One. 2013;8:e78151.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"600_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2011.626443","volume":"41","author":"VR Cunha da","year":"2012","unstructured":"da Cunha VR, Brenol CV, Brenol JC, et al. Metabolic syndrome prevalence is increased in rheumatoid arthritis patients and is associated with disease activity. Scand J Rheumatol. 2012;41:186\u201391.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.01.004","volume":"196","author":"CP Chung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chung CP, Oeser A, Solus JF, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increased in rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2008;196:756\u201363.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"600_CR33","first-page":"2167","volume":"33","author":"C Han","year":"2006","unstructured":"Han C, Robinson Jr DW, Hackett MV, et al. Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:2167\u201372.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken090","volume":"47","author":"LS Tam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tam LS, Tomlinson B, Chu TT, et al. Cardiovascular risk profile of patients with psoriatic arthritis compared to controls\u2014the role of inflammation. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:718\u201323.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"600_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22094","volume":"55","author":"S Suissa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suissa S, Bernatsky S, Hudson M. Antirheumatic drug use and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55:531\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22809","volume":"56","author":"WG Dixon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dixon WG, Watson KD, Lunt M, et al. Reduction in the incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who respond to anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:2905\u201312.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei024","volume":"44","author":"CJ Edwards","year":"2005","unstructured":"Edwards CJ, Arden NK, Fisher D, et al. The changing use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis from the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005;44:1394\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"600_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08213-2","volume":"359","author":"HK Choi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Choi HK, Hernan MA, Seeger JD, et al. Methotrexate and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study. Lancet. 2002;359:1173\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"600_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R30","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2383","volume":"10","author":"A Naranjo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Naranjo A, Sokka T, Descalzo MA, et al. Cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the QUEST-RA study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10:R30.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"600_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.06.017","volume":"52","author":"S Prodanovich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prodanovich S, Ma F, Taylor JR, et al. Methotrexate reduces incidence of vascular diseases in veterans with psoriasis or rheumatoid arthritis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52:262\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"600_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01186-5","volume":"113","author":"YB Park","year":"2002","unstructured":"Park YB, Choi HK, Kim MY, et al. Effects of antirheumatic therapy on serum lipid levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study. Am J Med. 2002;113:188\u201393.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"600_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R82","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1952","volume":"8","author":"AN Georgiadis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Georgiadis AN, Papavasiliou EC, Lourida ES, et al. Atherogenic lipid profile is a feature characteristic of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: effect of early treatment\u2014a prospective, controlled study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8:R82.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"600_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R12","DOI":"10.1186\/ar597","volume":"4","author":"PH Dessein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dessein PH, Joffe BI, Stanwix AE. Effects of disease modifying agents and dietary intervention on insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in inflammatory arthritis: a pilot study. Arthritis Res. 2002;4:R12.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res"},{"key":"600_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken159","volume":"47","author":"VF Panoulas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Panoulas VF, Metsios GS, Pace AV, et al. Hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:1286\u201398.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"600_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10269","volume":"46","author":"Y Kumeda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kumeda Y, Inaba M, Goto H, et al. Increased thickness of the arterial intima-media detected by ultrasonography in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:1489\u201397.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740410010308","volume":"33","author":"S Wallberg-Jonsson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wallberg-Jonsson S, Ohman M, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S. Which factors are related to the presence of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis? Scand J Rheumatol. 2004;33:373\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kisiel B, Kruszewski R, Juszkiewicz A et al. Methotrexate, cyclosporine A, and biologics protect against atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. J Immunol Res. 2015; 2015:759610.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/759610"},{"key":"600_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206624","volume":"74","author":"C Roubille","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roubille C, Richer V, Starnino T, et al. The effects of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, methotrexate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids on cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:480\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes353","volume":"52","author":"JA Avina-Zubieta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Avina-Zubieta JA, Abrahamowicz M, De Vera MA, et al. Immediate and past cumulative effects of oral glucocorticoids on the risk of acute myocardial infarction in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52:68\u201375.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"600_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38210","volume":"66","author":"I Rincon del","year":"2014","unstructured":"del Rincon I, Battafarano DF, Restrepo JF, et al. Glucocorticoid dose thresholds associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66:264\u201372.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.05.035","volume":"689","author":"M Hashizume","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hashizume M, Mihara M. Blockade of IL-6 and TNF-alpha inhibited oxLDL-induced production of MCP-1 via scavenger receptor induction. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;689:249\u201354.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"600_CR52","first-page":"225","volume":"31","author":"SK Heathfield","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heathfield SK, Parker B, Zeef LA, et al. Certolizumab pegol attenuates the pro-inflammatory state in endothelial cells in a manner that is atheroprotective. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31:225\u201333.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000143933.20616.1b","volume":"24","author":"L Branen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Branen L, Hovgaard L, Nitulescu M, et al. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:2137\u201342.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"600_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.129916","volume":"70","author":"JD Greenberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greenberg JD, Kremer JM, Curtis JR, et al. Tumour necrosis factor antagonist use and associated risk reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:576\u201382.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.91","volume":"9","author":"J Robertson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robertson J, Peters MJ, McInnes IB, Sattar N. Changes in lipid levels with inflammation and therapy in RA: a maturing paradigm. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9:513\u201323.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR56","first-page":"2440","volume":"33","author":"E Spanakis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spanakis E, Sidiropoulos P, Papadakis J, et al. Modest but sustained increase of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with inflammatory arthritides treated with infliximab. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:2440\u20136.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.023119","volume":"64","author":"C Popa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Popa C, Netea MG, Radstake T, et al. Influence of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:303\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201148","volume":"71","author":"CI Daien","year":"2012","unstructured":"Daien CI, Duny Y, Barnetche T, et al. Effect of TNF inhibitors on lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71:862\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1095-1","volume":"28","author":"G Kerekes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kerekes G, Soltesz P, Der H, et al. Effects of rituximab treatment on endothelial dysfunction, carotid atherosclerosis, and lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2009;28:705\u201310.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38894","volume":"67","author":"A Souto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Souto A, Salgado E, Maneiro JR, et al. Lipid profile changes in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis treated with biologic agents and tofacitinib in randomized clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:117\u201327.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38920","volume":"67","author":"VU Rao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rao VU, Pavlov A, Klearman M, et al. An evaluation of risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events during tocilizumab therapy. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:372\u201380.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110340","volume":"38","author":"K Kume","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kume K, Amano K, Yamada S, et al. Tocilizumab monotherapy reduces arterial stiffness as effectively as etanercept or adalimumab monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label randomized controlled trial. J Rheumatol. 2011;38:2169\u201371.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120541","volume":"39","author":"LS Tam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tam LS, Shang Q, Li EK, et al. Infliximab is associated with improvement in arterial stiffness in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis\u2014a randomized trial. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:2267\u201375.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740802363768","volume":"38","author":"PI Sidiropoulos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sidiropoulos PI, Siakka P, Pagonidis K, et al. Sustained improvement of vascular endothelial function during anti-TNFalpha treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Scand J Rheumatol. 2009;38:6\u201310.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674265","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/674265","volume":"2012","author":"C Gonzalez-Juanatey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Miranda-Filloy JA, et al. Anti-TNF-alpha-adalimumab therapy is associated with persistent improvement of endothelial function without progression of carotid intima-media wall thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to conventional therapy. Mediat Inflamm. 2012;2012:674265.","journal-title":"Mediat Inflamm"},{"key":"600_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem089","volume":"46","author":"F Porto Del","year":"2007","unstructured":"Del Porto F, Lagana B, Lai S, et al. Response to anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade is associated with reduction of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46:1111\u20135.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"600_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-0935-2","volume":"30","author":"A Ferrante","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferrante A, Giardina AR, Ciccia F, et al. Long-term anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy reverses the progression of carotid intima-media thickness in female patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2009;30:193\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"600_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.131359","volume":"70","author":"LS Tam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tam LS, Li EK, Shang Q, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade is associated with sustained regression of carotid intima-media thickness for patients with active psoriatic arthritis: a 2-year pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:705\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2012.12","volume":"25","author":"K Angel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Angel K, Provan SA, Fagerhol MK, et al. Effect of 1-year anti-TNF-alpha therapy on aortic stiffness, carotid atherosclerosis, and calprotectin in inflammatory arthropathies: a controlled study. Am J Hypertens. 2012;25:644\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"600_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.086157","volume":"68","author":"M Wong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wong M, Oakley SP, Young L, et al. Infliximab improves vascular stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1277\u201384.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR71","first-page":"147","volume":"13","author":"G Kerekes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kerekes G, Soltesz P, Szucs G, et al. Effects of adalimumab treatment on vascular disease associated with early rheumatoid arthritis. Isr Med Assoc J. 2011;13:147\u201352.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"600_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202089","volume":"73","author":"BW Kirkham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kirkham BW, Wasko MC, Hsia EC, et al. Effects of golimumab, an anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha human monoclonal antibody, on lipids and markers of inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:161\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR73","first-page":"69","volume":"7","author":"M Benucci","year":"2013","unstructured":"Benucci M, Saviola G, Manfredi M, et al. Factors correlated with improvement of endothelial dysfunction during rituximab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biologics. 2013;7:69\u201375.","journal-title":"Biologics"},{"key":"600_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24836","volume":"61","author":"MJ Peters","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peters MJ, van Halm VP, Voskuyl AE, et al. Does rheumatoid arthritis equal diabetes mellitus as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease? A prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:1571\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.135871","volume":"70","author":"E Myasoedova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Myasoedova E, Crowson CS, Kremers HM, et al. Lipid paradox in rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of serum lipid measures and systemic inflammation on the risk of cardiovascular disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:482\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-9-199411010-00002","volume":"121","author":"B Kinosian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kinosian B, Glick H, Garland G. Cholesterol and coronary heart disease: predicting risks by levels and ratios. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121:641\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"600_CR77","first-page":"1746","volume":"31","author":"WH Yoo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoo WH. Dyslipoproteinemia in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: effects of disease activity, sex, and menopausal status on lipid profiles. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:1746\u201353.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16449-0","volume":"363","author":"DW McCarey","year":"2004","unstructured":"McCarey DW, McInnes IB, Madhok R, et al. Trial of Atorvastatin in Rheumatoid Arthritis (TARA): double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363:2015\u201321.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"600_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39114","volume":"67","author":"S Rollefstad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rollefstad S, Ikdahl E, Hisdal J, et al. Rosuvastatin-induced carotid plaque regression in patients with inflammatory joint diseases: the rosuvastatin in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and other inflammatory joint diseases study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:1718\u201328.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-015-0356-3","volume":"17","author":"N Dhillon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dhillon N, Liang K. Prevention of stroke in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2015;17:356.","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"600_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646","volume":"359","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2195\u2013207.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"600_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000024","volume":"45","author":"WN Kernan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kernan WN, Ovbiagele B, Black HR, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014;45:2160\u2013236.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"600_CR83","first-page":"2095","volume":"32","author":"C Tikiz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tikiz C, Utuk O, Pirildar T, et al. Effects of Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and statin treatment on inflammatory markers and endothelial functions in patients with longterm rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32:2095\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.734384","volume":"117","author":"AJ Flammer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Flammer AJ, Sudano I, Hermann F, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves vascular function in rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation. 2008;117:2262\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"600_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.2005.25.9.1213","volume":"25","author":"NJ Dagenais","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dagenais NJ, Jamali F. Protective effects of angiotensin II interruption: evidence for antiinflammatory actions. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25:1213\u201329.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"600_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.113696","volume":"69","author":"MJ Peters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peters MJ, Symmons DP, McCarey D, et al. EULAR evidence-based recommendations for cardiovascular risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:325\u201331.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.076760","volume":"68","author":"NJ Goodson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goodson NJ, Brookhart AM, Symmons DP, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use does not appear to be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis: results from a primary care based inception cohort of patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:367\u201372.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR88","first-page":"1403","volume":"33","author":"LJ Crofford","year":"2006","unstructured":"Crofford LJ, Breyer MD, Strand CV, et al. Cardiovascular effects of selective COX-2 inhibition: is there a class effect? The International COX-2 Study Group. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:1403\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20905","volume":"53","author":"JD Greenberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Greenberg JD, Bingham 3rd CO, Abramson SB, et al. Effect of cardiovascular comorbidities and concomitant aspirin use on selection of cyclooxygenase inhibitor among rheumatologists. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;53:12\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"600_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203380","volume":"73","author":"WS Chung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chung WS, Peng CL, Lin CL, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism: a nationwide cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1774\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1038\/ncprheum0740","volume":"4","author":"B Laat de","year":"2008","unstructured":"de Laat B, Mertens K, de Groot PG. Mechanisms of disease: antiphospholipid antibodies-from clinical association to pathologic mechanism. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2008;4:192\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-003-0206-4","volume":"18","author":"Y Mukubo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mukubo Y, Kawamata M. Perioperative hypercoagulability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Sonoclot study. J Anesth. 2004;18:62\u20134.","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"600_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-006-0049-8","volume":"8","author":"E Olech","year":"2006","unstructured":"Olech E, Merrill JT. The prevalence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2006;8:100\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"600_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-009-0007-3","volume":"11","author":"DA Gladd","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gladd DA, Olech E. Antiphospholipid antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: identifying the dominoes. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2009;11:43\u201351.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"600_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bor.0000218943.89365.13","volume":"18","author":"D Erkan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Erkan D, Lockshin MD. Antiphospholipid syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006;18:242\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.5.576","volume":"291","author":"SR Levine","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levine SR, Brey RL, Tilley BC, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies and subsequent thrombo-occlusive events in patients with ischemic stroke. JAMA. 2004;291:576\u201384.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"600_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.019828","volume":"64","author":"M Hoekstra","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hoekstra M, Haagsma CJ, Doelman CJ, van de Laar MA. Intermittent rises in plasma homocysteine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with higher dose methotrexate. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:141\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi350","volume":"26","author":"MD Engelmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Engelmann MD, Svendsen JH. Inflammation in the genesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:2083\u201392.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"600_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.12.042","volume":"49","author":"T Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu T, Li G, Li L, Korantzopoulos P. Association between C-reactive protein and recurrence of atrial fibrillation after successful electrical cardioversion: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:1642\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"600_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.04.063","volume":"60","author":"Y Guo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guo Y, Lip GY, Apostolakis S. Inflammation in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:2263\u201370.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"600_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.05.057","volume":"167","author":"S Corrao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Corrao S, Messina S, Pistone G, et al. Heart involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167:2031\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"600_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203343","volume":"73","author":"SC Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim SC, Liu J, Solomon DH. The risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1091\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1257","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e1257","volume":"344","author":"J Lindhardsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lindhardsen J, Ahlehoff O, Gislason GH, et al. Risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke in rheumatoid arthritis: Danish nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2012;344:e1257.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"600_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bacani AK, Crowson CS, Roger VL et al. Increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:809514.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/809514"},{"key":"600_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.188","volume":"34","author":"Y Ando","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ando Y, Kai S, Uyama E, et al. Involvement of the central nervous system in rheumatoid arthritis: its clinical manifestations and analysis by magnetic resonance imaging. Intern Med. 1995;34:188\u201391.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"600_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh210","volume":"43","author":"RA Watts","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watts RA, Mooney J, Lane SE, Scott DG. Rheumatoid vasculitis: becoming extinct? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004;43:920\u20133.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"600_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.02.030","volume":"77","author":"N Caballol Pons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caballol Pons N, Montala N, Valverde J, et al. Isolated cerebral vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2010;77:361\u20133.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"730","key":"600_CR108","first-page":"e739","volume":"126","author":"DH Solomon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Solomon DH, Curtis JR, Saag KG, et al. Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: comparing TNF-alpha blockade with nonbiologic DMARDs. Am J Med. 2013;126(730):e739\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"600_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90654-5","volume":"76","author":"DG Scott","year":"1984","unstructured":"Scott DG, Bacon PA. Intravenous cyclophosphamide plus methylprednisolone in treatment of systemic rheumatoid vasculitis. Am J Med. 1984;76:377\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"600_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000126","volume":"27","author":"A Makol","year":"2015","unstructured":"Makol A, Matteson EL, Warrington KJ. Rheumatoid vasculitis: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2015;27:63\u201370.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909905","volume":"363","author":"JH Stone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, et al. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:221\u201332.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"600_CR112","first-page":"2287","volume":"30","author":"SJ Jarrett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jarrett SJ, Cunnane G, Conaghan PG, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy-induced vasculitis: case series. J Rheumatol. 2003;30:2287\u201391.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.04.011","volume":"87","author":"O Sokumbi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sokumbi O, Wetter DA, Makol A, Warrington KJ. Vasculitis associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87:739\u201345.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"600_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6870.79","volume":"306","author":"AK Agarwal","year":"1993","unstructured":"Agarwal AK, Peppelman Jr WC, Kraus DR, Eisenbeis Jr CH. The cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. BMJ. 1993;306:79\u201380.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"600_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2012.747625","volume":"42","author":"M Blom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blom M, Creemers MC, Kievit W, et al. Long-term follow-up of the cervical spine with conventional radiographs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2013;42:281\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31826def1c","volume":"37","author":"T Yurube","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yurube T, Sumi M, Nishida K, et al. Incidence and aggravation of cervical spine instabilities in rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective minimum 5-year follow-up study of patients initially without cervical involvement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;37:2136\u201344.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"600_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1437-y","volume":"31","author":"JK Ahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ahn JK, Hwang JW, Oh JM, et al. Risk factors for development and progression of atlantoaxial subluxation in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31:1363\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"600_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E321","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000106487.89648.88","volume":"29","author":"A Garg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garg A, Gaikwad SB, Kanodia A, et al. Positional occlusion\/stasis of vertebral arteries in a case of cervical rheumatoid arthritis presenting with multiple posterior circulation infarcts: a case report with angiographic demonstration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29:E321\u2013325.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"600_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.39.2.122","volume":"39","author":"MW Jones","year":"1976","unstructured":"Jones MW, Kaufmann JC. Vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency in rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1976;39:122\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"600_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5604.537","volume":"2","author":"FW Webb","year":"1968","unstructured":"Webb FW, Hickman JA, Brew DS. Death from vertebral artery thrombosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J. 1968;2:537\u20138.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"600_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199708000-00019","volume":"41","author":"TA Kuether","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kuether TA, Nesbit GM, Clark WM, Barnwell SL. Rotational vertebral artery occlusion: a mechanism of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Neurosurgery. 1997;41:427\u201332. discussion 432-423.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"600_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E186","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000701","volume":"40","author":"Y Takeshima","year":"2015","unstructured":"Takeshima Y, Matsuda R, Hironaka Y, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis-induced lateral atlantoaxial subluxation with multiple vertebrobasilar infarctions. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015;40:E186\u2013189.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"600_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080429","volume":"36","author":"MJ Kauppi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kauppi MJ, Neva MH, Laiho K, et al. Rheumatoid atlantoaxial subluxation can be prevented by intensive use of traditional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. J Rheumatol. 2009;36:273\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"600_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.4.0574","volume":"85","author":"AT Casey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Casey AT, Crockard HA, Bland JM, et al. Predictors of outcome in the quadriparetic nonambulatory myelopathic patient with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study of 55 surgically treated Ranawat class IIIb patients. J Neurosurg. 1996;85:574\u201381.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"600_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163030-00003","volume":"63","author":"PM Pellicci","year":"1981","unstructured":"Pellicci PM, Ranawat CS, Tsairis P, Bryan WJ. A prospective study of the progression of rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63:342\u201350.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"600_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.05.023","volume":"13","author":"H Miyamoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miyamoto H, Sumi M, Uno K. Outcome of surgery for rheumatoid cervical spine at one institute over three decades. Spine J. 2013;13:1477\u201384.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"600_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2013.873413","volume":"47","author":"A Alghasham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alghasham A, Rasheed Z. Therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis: progress and promises. Autoimmunity. 2014;47:77\u201394.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"600_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/41.4.367","volume":"41","author":"D Pyne","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pyne D, Ehrenstein M, Morris V. The therapeutic uses of intravenous immunoglobulins in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41:367\u201374.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"600_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211798157540","volume":"17","author":"U Katz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Katz U, Shoenfeld Y, Zandman-Goddard G. Update on intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) mechanisms of action and off-label use in autoimmune diseases. Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17:3166\u201375.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"600_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.04.003","volume":"14","author":"N Katz-Agranov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Katz-Agranov N, Khattri S, Zandman-Goddard G. The role of intravenous immunoglobulins in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2015;14:651\u20138.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"600_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2012.09.004","volume":"12","author":"C Tani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tani C, D'Aniello D, Delle Sedie A, et al. Rhupus syndrome: assessment of its prevalence and its clinical and instrumental characteristics in a prospective cohort of 103 SLE patients. Autoimmun Rev. 2013;12:537\u201341.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"600_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.024182","volume":"64","author":"C Eriksson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eriksson C, Engstrand S, Sundqvist KG, Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S. Autoantibody formation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF alpha. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:403\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"600_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.08.003","volume":"37","author":"MF Costa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Costa MF, Said NR, Zimmermann B. Drug-induced lupus due to anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008;37:381\u20137.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-015-0600-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11910-015-0600-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-015-0600-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T19:01:32Z","timestamp":1653332492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11910-015-0600-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-015-0600-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-4042","1534-6293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-4042","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]]},"article-number":"77"}}