{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:38:20Z","timestamp":1792298300994,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505865600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0796-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T04:25:33Z","timestamp":1505881533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Tuberculous Meningitis in Children and Adults: New Insights for an Ancient Foe"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Alyssa","family":"Mezochow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Vinnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR1","first-page":"73","volume":"1","author":"H Ramdani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramdani H, Hajjioui A, Fourtassi M. Brain lesions in Ibn Sina\u2019s \u201cCanon of Medicine\u201d: ancient theories and current medical concepts. J Med Surg Res. 2014;1(2):73\u20136.","journal-title":"J Med Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(02)00164-9","volume":"10","author":"MJ Eadie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eadie MJ. A pathology of the animal spirits\u2014the clinical neurology of Thomas Willis (1621-1675). Part II\u2014disorders of intrinsically abnormal animal spirits. J Clin Neurosci. 2003;10(2):146\u201357.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"796_CR3","unstructured":"Whytt R. Observations on the dropsy in the brain. In: The Works of Robert Whytt. 1768."},{"key":"796_CR4","first-page":"5","volume":"52","author":"AR Rich","year":"1933","unstructured":"Rich AR, McCordock HA. Pathogenesis of tubercular meningitis. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp. 1933;52:5\u201313.","journal-title":"Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp"},{"key":"796_CR5","unstructured":"STREPTOMYCIN treatment of tuberculous meningitis. Lancet. 1948; 1(6503): 582\u201396."},{"issue":"10 Suppl 2","key":"796_CR6","first-page":"S231","volume":"3","author":"W Fox","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fox W, Ellard GA, Mitchison DA. Studies on the treatment of tuberculosis undertaken by the British Medical Research Council tuberculosis units, 1946-1986, with relevant subsequent publications. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999;3(10 Suppl 2):S231\u201379.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"796_CR7","unstructured":"Organization, W.H. Global tuberculosis report. 2016."},{"issue":"9","key":"796_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163036","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163036","volume":"11","author":"E Britz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Britz E, et al. The epidemiology of meningitis among adults in a South African Province with a high HIV prevalence, 2009-2012. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0163036.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"796_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.7.499","volume":"89","author":"A Bergemann","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bergemann A, Karstaedt AS. The spectrum of meningitis in a population with high prevalence of HIV disease. QJM. 1996;89(7):499\u2013504.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70168-6","volume":"12","author":"GE Thwaites","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thwaites GE, van Toorn R, Schoeman J. Tuberculous meningitis: more questions, still too few answers. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(10):999\u20131010.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00042-07","volume":"21","author":"RB Rock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rock RB, et al. Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2008;21(2):243\u201361. table of contents","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"796_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700450312","volume":"45","author":"G MacGregor","year":"1937","unstructured":"MacGregor G. Tuberculosis of the central nervous system, with special reference to tuberculous meningitis. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1937;45:613\u201345.","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"issue":"5","key":"796_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364405","volume":"8","author":"NT Thuong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thuong NT, et al. A polymorphism in human TLR2 is associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculous meningitis. Genes Immun. 2007;8(5):422\u20138.","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR14","first-page":"865","volume":"6","author":"GE Thwaites","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thwaites GE, et al. Isoniazid resistance, mycobacterial genotype and outcome in Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002;6(10):865\u201371.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"796_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leonard JM. Central nervous system tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr. 2017;5(2).","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0044-2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"796_CR16","first-page":"703","volume":"135","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sharma SK, Mohan A, Sharma A. Challenges in the diagnosis & treatment of miliary tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res. 2012;135(5):703\u201330.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR17","first-page":"193","volume":"50","author":"PR Donald","year":"2005","unstructured":"Donald PR, Schaaf HS, Schoeman JF. Tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis: the rich focus revisited. J Inf Secur. 2005;50(3):193\u20135.","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"796_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.12.015","volume":"303","author":"UK Misra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Misra UK, Kalita J, Maurya PK. Stroke in tuberculous meningitis. J Neurol Sci. 2011;303(1\u20132):22\u201330.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"796_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1159\/000085568","volume":"19","author":"KH Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan KH, et al. Cerebral infarcts complicating tuberculous meningitis. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;19(6):391\u20135.","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5657","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5657","volume":"96","author":"L Tsenova","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tsenova L, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a determinant of pathogenesis and disease progression in mycobacterial infection in the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(10):5657\u201362.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"796_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.55572","volume":"57","author":"V Rajshekhar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rajshekhar V. Management of hydrocephalus in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Neurol India. 2009;57(4):368\u201374.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"796_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c4451","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4451","volume":"341","author":"C Vinnard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vinnard C, et al. Isoniazid resistance and death in patients with tuberculous meningitis: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2010;341:c4451.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"796_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.6.987","volume":"17","author":"SJ Kent","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kent SJ, et al. Tuberculous meningitis: a 30-year review. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;17(6):987\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290290032021","volume":"241","author":"DH Kennedy","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kennedy DH, Fallon RJ. Tuberculous meningitis. JAMA. 1979;241(3):264\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.01.007","volume":"22","author":"P Sharma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharma P, et al. Incidence, predictors and prognostic value of cranial nerve involvement in patients with tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective evaluation. Eur J Intern Med. 2011;22(3):289\u201395.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"796_CR26","first-page":"330","volume":"66","author":"T Raut","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raut T, et al. Hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis: incidence, its predictive factors and impact on the prognosis. J Inf Secur. 2013;66(4):330\u20137.","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"issue":"17","key":"796_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040573","volume":"351","author":"GE Thwaites","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thwaites GE, et al. Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(17):1741\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70852-7","volume":"14","author":"SS Chiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chiang SS, et al. Treatment outcomes of childhood tuberculous meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(10):947\u201357.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"796_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.6.982","volume":"22","author":"R Verdon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Verdon R, et al. Tuberculous meningitis in adults: review of 48 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22(6):982\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR30","first-page":"305","volume":"120","author":"G Delage","year":"1979","unstructured":"Delage G, Dusseault M. Tuberculous meningitis in children: a retrospective study of 79 patients, with an analysis of prognostic factors. Can Med Assoc J. 1979;120(3):305\u20139.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"9342","key":"796_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11318-3","volume":"360","author":"GE Thwaites","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thwaites GE, et al. Diagnosis of adult tuberculous meningitis by use of clinical and laboratory features. Lancet. 2002;360(9342):1287\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"796_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.06.003","volume":"17","author":"L Solari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Solari L, et al. The validity of cerebrospinal fluid parameters for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17(12):e1111\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"796_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.01.027","volume":"55","author":"FG Youssef","year":"2006","unstructured":"Youssef FG, et al. Differentiation of tuberculous meningitis from acute bacterial meningitis using simple clinical and laboratory parameters. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;55(4):275\u20138.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2017.v107i2.11162","volume":"107","author":"JE Vidal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vidal JE, et al. Is it possible to differentiate tuberculous and cryptococcal meningitis in HIV-infected patients using only clinical and basic cerebrospinal fluid characteristics? S Afr Med J. 2017;107(2):156\u20139.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"796_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02109.x","volume":"13","author":"AM Checkley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Checkley AM, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of an index for the diagnosis of TB meningitis in patients in an urban teaching hospital in Malawi. Tropical Med Int Health. 2008;13(8):1042\u20136.","journal-title":"Tropical Med Int Health"},{"key":"796_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.09.007","volume":"370","author":"JS Saavedra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saavedra JS, et al. Validation of Thwaites Index for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis in a Colombian population. J Neurol Sci. 2016;370:112\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.555","volume":"77","author":"ME Torok","year":"2007","unstructured":"Torok ME, et al. Validation of a diagnostic algorithm for adult tuberculous meningitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77(3):555\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2013.47","volume":"28","author":"R Kurien","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kurien R, et al. Tuberculous meningitis: a comparison of scoring systems for diagnosis. Oman Med J. 2013;28(3):163\u20136.","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000084631","volume":"14","author":"M Sunbul","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sunbul M, et al. Thwaites\u2019 diagnostic scoring and the prediction of tuberculous meningitis. Med Princ Pract. 2005;14(3):151\u20134.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"796_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bomanji JB, et al. Imaging in tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015:5(6).","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a017814"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.177608","volume":"64","author":"RK Garg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Jain A. Neuroimaging in tuberculous meningitis. Neurol India. 2016;64(2):219\u201327.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e301","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001236","volume":"35","author":"UK Rohlwink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rohlwink UK, et al. Imaging features of the brain, cerebral vessels and spine in pediatric tuberculous meningitis with associated hydrocephalus. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35(10):e301\u201310.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-001-2014-9","volume":"29","author":"G Uysal","year":"2001","unstructured":"Uysal G, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of childhood central nervous system tuberculosis. Infection. 2001;29(3):148\u201353.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"11","key":"796_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1237-1","volume":"34","author":"S Andronikou","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andronikou S, et al. Definitive neuroradiological diagnostic features of tuberculous meningitis in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2004;34(11):876\u201385.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmacta.41.1.13","volume":"41","author":"M Ozates","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ozates M, et al. CT of the brain in tuberculous meningitis. A review of 289 patients. Acta Radiol. 2000;41(1):13\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"796_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.275065176","volume":"27","author":"J Burrill","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burrill J, et al. Tuberculosis: a radiologic review. Radiographics. 2007;27(5):1255\u201373.","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"12","key":"796_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0113","volume":"19","author":"TT Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu TT, et al. Magnetic resonance angiography manifestations and prognostic significance in HIV-negative tuberculosis meningitis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19(12):1448\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2012.110712","volume":"53","author":"J Kalita","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalita J, et al. MR angiography in tuberculous meningitis. Acta Radiol. 2012;53(3):324\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"796_CR49","first-page":"202806","volume":"2015","author":"M Sanei Taheri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanei Taheri M, et al. Central nervous system tuberculosis: an imaging-focused review of a reemerging disease. Radiol Res Pract. 2015;2015:202806.","journal-title":"Radiol Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1745.181268","volume":"11","author":"GM Kasundra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kasundra GM, et al. Distal cord-predominant longitudinally extensive myelitis with diffuse spinal meningitis and dural abscesses due to occult tuberculosis: a rare occurrence. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2016;11(1):77\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.378-379.2004","volume":"42","author":"GE Thwaites","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thwaites GE, Chau TT, Farrar JJ. Improving the bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(1):378\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"796_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05756-11","volume":"50","author":"P Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen P, et al. A highly efficient Ziehl-Neelsen stain: identifying de novo intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis and improving detection of extracellular M. tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(4):1166\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01834-13","volume":"52","author":"NT Nhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nhu NT, et al. Evaluation of GeneXpert MTB\/RIF for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(1):226\u201333.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0253","volume":"19","author":"NC Bahr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bahr NC, et al. Improved diagnostic sensitivity for tuberculous meningitis with Xpert((R)) MTB\/RIF of centrifuged CSF. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015;19(10):1209\u201315.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000331","volume":"30","author":"NT Mai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mai NT, Thwaites GE. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of tuberculous meningitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2017;30(1):123\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"796_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e147","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw376","volume":"63","author":"P Nahid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nahid P, et al. Official American Thoracic Society\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(7):e147\u201395.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.2.247","volume":"89","author":"PR Donald","year":"1992","unstructured":"Donald PR, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid isoniazid concentrations in children with tuberculous meningitis: the influence of dosage and acetylation status. Pediatrics. 1992;89(2):247\u201350.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.3.650","volume":"148","author":"GA Ellard","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ellard GA, Humphries MJ, Allen BW. Cerebrospinal fluid drug concentrations and the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993;148(3):650\u20135.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"796_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.07.003","volume":"90","author":"PR Donald","year":"2010","unstructured":"Donald PR. The chemotherapy of tuberculous meningitis in children and adults. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2010;90(6):375\u201392.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(71)90017-1","volume":"52","author":"JA Pilheu","year":"1971","unstructured":"Pilheu JA, et al. Concentrations of ethambutol in the cerebrospinal fluid after oral administration. Tubercle. 1971;52(2):117\u201322.","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00562440","volume":"6","author":"U Gundert-Remy","year":"1973","unstructured":"Gundert-Remy U, Klett M, Weber E. Concentration of ethambutol in cerebrospinal fluid in man as a function of the non-protein-bound drug fraction in serum. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1973;6(2):133\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(02)00172-2","volume":"55","author":"H Sun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sun H, et al. Drug efflux transporters in the CNS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2003;55(1):83\u2013105.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.10.2626","volume":"42","author":"T Mindermann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mindermann T, Zimmerli W, Gratzl O. Rifampin concentrations in various compartments of the human brain: a novel method for determining drug levels in the cerebral extracellular space. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998;42(10):2626\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1972.106.3.432","volume":"106","author":"JJ D\u2019Oliveira","year":"1972","unstructured":"D\u2019Oliveira JJ. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of rifampin in meningeal tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1972;106(3):432\u20137.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"796_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1264OC","volume":"191","author":"MJ Boeree","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boeree MJ, et al. A dose-ranging trial to optimize the dose of rifampin in the treatment of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(9):1058\u201365.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.10.3104-3108.2003","volume":"47","author":"F Pea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pea F, et al. Levofloxacin disposition in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with external ventriculostomy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47(10):3104\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"796_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00064-11","volume":"55","author":"GE Thwaites","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thwaites GE, et al. Randomized pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of fluoroquinolones for tuberculous meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(7):3244\u201353.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70264-5","volume":"13","author":"R Ruslami","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u2022 Ruslami R, et al. Intensified regimen containing rifampicin and moxifloxacin for tuberculous meningitis: an open-label, randomised controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(1):27\u201335. This study reports the results of a randomized, non-blinded, clinical trial of high-dose intravenous rifampin and levofloxacin, in combination with the other first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, for the intensified treatment of tuberculosis meningitis in Indonesia, reporting a significant survival benefit in the intensified treatment arm.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"796_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.027","volume":"45","author":"L Brake Te","year":"2015","unstructured":"Te Brake L, et al. Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic analysis of an intensified regimen containing rifampicin and moxifloxacin for tuberculous meningitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015;45(5):496\u2013503.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507062","volume":"374","author":"AD Heemskerk","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u2022 Heemskerk AD, et al. Intensified antituberculosis therapy in adults with tuberculous meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(2):124\u201334. This study reports the results of a randomized, blinded, clinical trial of high-dose rifampin and levofloxacin, in combination with the other first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, for the intensified treatment of tuberculosis meningitis in Vietnam, with no overall survival benefit observed for the intensified treatment arm.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"796_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27821","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027821","volume":"6","author":"ME Torok","year":"2011","unstructured":"Torok ME, et al. Dexamethasone and long-term outcome of tuberculous meningitis in Vietnamese adults and adolescents. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e27821.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"796_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.013","volume":"140","author":"DM Tobin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tobin DM, et al. The lta4h locus modulates susceptibility to mycobacterial infection in zebrafish and humans. Cell. 2010;140(5):717\u201330.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.12.023","volume":"148","author":"DM Tobin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tobin DM, et al. Host genotype-specific therapies can optimize the inflammatory response to mycobacterial infections. Cell. 2012;148(3):434\u201346.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"796_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix050","volume":"215","author":"NTT Thuong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thuong NTT, et al. Leukotriene A4 hydrolase genotype and HIV infection influence intracerebral inflammation and survival from tuberculous meningitis. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(7):1020\u20138.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"796_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix051","volume":"215","author":"A Laarhoven van","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Laarhoven A, et al. Clinical parameters, routine inflammatory markers, and LTA4H genotype as predictors of mortality among 608 patients with tuberculous meningitis in Indonesia. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(7):1029\u201339.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"796_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073811398132","volume":"26","author":"JF Schoeman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schoeman JF, et al. The role of aspirin in childhood tuberculous meningitis. J Child Neurol. 2011;26(8):956\u201362.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"796_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.03.025","volume":"293","author":"UK Misra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Misra UK, Kalita J, Nair PP. Role of aspirin in tuberculous meningitis: a randomized open label placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Sci. 2010;293(1\u20132):12\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2014.01.006","volume":"21","author":"R Toorn van","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Toorn R, Solomons R. Update on the diagnosis and management of tuberculous meningitis in children. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2014;21(1):12\u20138.","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1353","volume":"123","author":"GT Well van","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Well GT, et al. Twenty years of pediatric tuberculous meningitis: a retrospective cohort study in the western cape of South Africa. Pediatrics. 2009;123(1):e1\u20138.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"796_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0133477","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133477","volume":"10","author":"EG Miftode","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miftode EG, et al. Tuberculous meningitis in children and adults: a 10-year retrospective comparative analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0133477.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"796_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-20010701-10","volume":"38","author":"AK Amitava","year":"2001","unstructured":"Amitava AK, Alarm S, Hussain R. Neuro-ophthalmic features in pediatric tubercular meningoencephalitis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2001;38(4):229\u201334.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"key":"796_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.01.031","volume":"375","author":"RK Garg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garg RK, et al. Vision loss in tuberculous meningitis. J Neurol Sci. 2017;375:27\u201334.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"796_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinnard C, Blumberg EA. Endocrine and metabolic aspects of tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr. 2017:5(1).","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0035-2016"},{"issue":"12","key":"796_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922813493833","volume":"52","author":"S Vadivelu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vadivelu S, et al. A review of the neurological and neurosurgical implications of tuberculosis in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2013;52(12):1135\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"796_CR85","unstructured":"Organization, W.H. Guidance for national tuberculosis programmes on the management of tuberculosis in children. 2014."},{"issue":"12","key":"796_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5560","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05429-11","volume":"55","author":"S Thee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thee S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide in children younger than two years of age with tuberculosis: evidence for implementation of revised World Health Organization recommendations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(12):5560\u20137.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2011.02.004","volume":"91","author":"PR Donald","year":"2011","unstructured":"Donald PR, Maritz JS, Diacon AH. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rifampicin in adults and children in relation to the dosage recommended for children. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2011;91(3):196\u2013207.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"issue":"11","key":"796_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1086\/598192","volume":"48","author":"H McIlleron","year":"2009","unstructured":"McIlleron H, et al. Isoniazid plasma concentrations in a cohort of South African children with tuberculosis: implications for international pediatric dosing guidelines. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(11):1547\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"796_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1470-x","volume":"16","author":"T Pouplin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pouplin T, et al. Naive-pooled pharmacokinetic analysis of pyrazinamide, isoniazid and rifampicin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of Vietnamese children with tuberculous meningitis. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:144.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1511990","volume":"374","author":"PR Donald","year":"2016","unstructured":"Donald PR. Chemotherapy for tuberculous meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(2):179\u201381.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"796_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.9.1009","volume":"163","author":"EL Corbett","year":"2003","unstructured":"Corbett EL, et al. The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(9):1009\u201321.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"796_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490120095035","volume":"268","author":"KM Cock De","year":"1992","unstructured":"De Cock KM, et al. Tuberculosis and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. JAMA. 1992;268(12):1581\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199203053261004","volume":"326","author":"J Berenguer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Berenguer J, et al. Tuberculous meningitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(10):668\u201372.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"796_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440140144014","volume":"156","author":"VK Yechoor","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yechoor VK, et al. Tuberculous meningitis among adults with and without HIV infection. Experience in an urban public hospital. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(15):1710\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"796_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00440-8","volume":"181","author":"SM Katrak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Katrak SM, et al. The clinical, radiological and pathological profile of tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Neurol Sci. 2000;181(1\u20132):118\u201326.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"796_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-001-1198-3","volume":"29","author":"CM Schutte","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schutte CM. Clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and pathological findings and outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with tuberculous meningitis. Infection. 2001;29(4):213\u20137.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"11","key":"796_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/91.11.743","volume":"91","author":"AS Karstaedt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Karstaedt AS, et al. Tuberculous meningitis in South African urban adults. QJM. 1998;91(11):743\u20137.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"5","key":"796_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90579-Z","volume":"93","author":"MP Dube","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dube MP, Holtom PD, Larsen RA. Tuberculous meningitis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Med. 1992;93(5):520\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"796_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02734147","volume":"72","author":"S Karande","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karande S, et al. Tuberculous meningitis and HIV. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72(9):755\u201360.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"796_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000183751.75880.f8","volume":"25","author":"EM Weert van der","year":"2006","unstructured":"van der Weert EM, et al. Comparison of diagnostic criteria of tuberculous meningitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25(1):65\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"6","key":"796_CR101","first-page":"502","volume":"55","author":"HM Sahly El","year":"2007","unstructured":"El Sahly HM, et al. Mortality associated with central nervous system tuberculosis. J Inf Secur. 2007;55(6):502\u20139.","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"issue":"18","key":"796_CR102","first-page":"844","volume":"26","author":"P Bossi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bossi P, et al. Tuberculous meningitis: clinical, biological and x-ray computed tomographic comparison between patients with or without HIV infection. Presse Med. 1997;26(18):844\u20137.","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"796_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1086\/498220","volume":"192","author":"GE Thwaites","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thwaites GE, et al. The influence of HIV infection on clinical presentation, response to treatment, and outcome in adults with tuberculous meningitis. J Infect Dis. 2005;192(12):2134\u201341.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"16","key":"796_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1013607","volume":"365","author":"DV Havlir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Havlir DV, et al. Timing of antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection and tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(16):1482\u201391.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"796_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014181","volume":"365","author":"SS Abdool Karim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abdool Karim SS, et al. Integration of antiretroviral therapy with tuberculosis treatment. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(16):1492\u2013501.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"796_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir230","volume":"52","author":"ME Torok","year":"2011","unstructured":"Torok ME, et al. Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2014associated tuberculous meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(11):1374\u201383.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"26","key":"796_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1312884","volume":"370","author":"DR Boulware","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boulware DR, et al. Timing of antiretroviral therapy after diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(26):2487\u201398.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"796_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.21","volume":"9","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lawn SD, Meintjes G. Pathogenesis and prevention of immune reconstitution disease during antiretroviral therapy. Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther. 2011;9(4):415\u201330.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti-Infect Ther"},{"key":"796_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peloquin C. The role of therapeutic drug monitoring in mycobacterial infections. Microbiol Spectr. 2017;5(1).","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TNMI7-0029-2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-015-0267-y","volume":"38","author":"G Ramachandran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramachandran G, Swaminathan S. Safety and tolerability profile of second-line anti-tuberculosis medications. Drug Saf. 2015;38(3):253\u201369.","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"issue":"2","key":"796_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.16.0716","volume":"21","author":"HR Stagg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stagg HR, et al. Isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis: a cause for concern? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2017;21(2):129\u201339.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"796_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00319-12","volume":"56","author":"DQ Tho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tho DQ, et al. Influence of antituberculosis drug resistance and Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage on outcome in HIV-associated tuberculous meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56(6):3074\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"796_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw763","volume":"64","author":"C Vinnard","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Vinnard C, et al. Long-term mortality of patients with tuberculous meningitis in New York City: a cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(4):401\u20137. This study examined 10-year survival of tuberculo us meningitis patients in New York City, with a focus on the role of initial drug resistance. The impact of isoniazid resistance on mortality was not apparent until after the first 60\u00a0days of treatment.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"796_CR114","unstructured":"\u2022 Heemskerk AD, et al. Clinical outcomes of patients with drug-resistant tuberculous meningitis treated with an intensified antituberculosis regimen. Clin Infect Dis. 2017. This study was a subanalysis of patients in the Vietnamese intensified treatment trial, demonstrating a survival benefit of intensified treatment in the subset of patients with initial isoniazid resistance."},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.101715","volume":"17","author":"C Vinnard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vinnard C, et al. Isoniazid-resistant tuberculous meningitis, United States, 1993-2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(3):539\u201342.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"796_CR116","first-page":"240","volume":"63","author":"C Vinnard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vinnard C, et al. Multidrug resistant tuberculous meningitis in the United States, 1993-2005. J Inf Secur. 2011;63(3):240\u20132.","journal-title":"J Inf Secur"},{"key":"796_CR117","first-page":"1841529","volume":"2016","author":"RP Sullivan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sullivan RP, et al. Successful treatment of multiple multidrug resistant intracranial tuberculomata. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2016;2016:1841529.","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"796_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1086\/318698","volume":"32","author":"SE Berning","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berning SE, Cherry TA, Iseman MD. Novel treatment of meningitis caused by multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis with intrathecal levofloxacin and amikacin: case report. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32(4):643\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"796_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001114","volume":"35","author":"H Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li H, et al. Linezolid is associated with improved early outcomes of childhood tuberculous meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35(6):607\u201310.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"10","key":"796_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6297","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02784-14","volume":"58","author":"F Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun F, et al. Linezolid manifests a rapid and dramatic therapeutic effect for patients with life-threatening tuberculous meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(10):6297\u2013301.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"796_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.02.051","volume":"375","author":"AE Merkler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merkler AE, et al. Neurological complications after tuberculous meningitis in a multi-state cohort in the United States. J Neurol Sci. 2017;375:460\u20133.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"}],"container-title":["Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11910-017-0796-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-017-0796-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-017-0796-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T20:32:25Z","timestamp":1750883545000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11910-017-0796-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]]},"references-count":121,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-017-0796-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1528-4042","1534-6293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1528-4042","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-6293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]]},"article-number":"85"}}