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The rise of FTLBs during the Covid-19 pandemic heightened our understanding of this phenomenon and led to the identification of social media\u2019s influence on tics. New studies have identified sex-related difference in TS and common psychiatric co-morbidities. Tic treatment is evolving away from traditional anti-psychotics toward newer compounds including VMAT-2 inhibitors, Ecopipam, and cannabinoid formulations, as well as novel transcranial stimulation approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our understanding of tic etiology and pathophysiology as well tics\u2019 functional counterpart FTLBs and social media impact is expanding along with our ability to manage tics with novel treatments in development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-026-01480-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T09:36:04Z","timestamp":1772616964000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Update on the Pathophysiology and Management of Tics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Casaletto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Deliz-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1480_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-98817-9.00002-8","volume":"196","author":"C Nilles","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nilles C, Hartmann A, Roze E, Martino D, Pringsheim T. 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