{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:55:05Z","timestamp":1790168105178,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide a concise, clinically oriented update on advanced therapies for Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subcutaneous infusion of foscarbidopa\/foslevodopa and apomorphine reduce OFF time and improve \u201cgood ON time\u201d, though infusion site reactions remain of some concern. Image-guided programming may shorten programming time while matching motor outcomes; while adaptive\/closed-loop deep brain stimulation using local field potential signals may improve symptoms and quality of life with a lower energy use. Remote programming accelerates clinical benefit and expands access. Approved magnetic resonance guided high intensity focused ultrasound targets now include the ventralis intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, the globus pallidus pars interna and, recently, the pallidothalamic tract; while research investigates the subthalamic nucleus, each target with distinct benefits and adverse event profiles. Early studies using magnetic resonance guided low intensity focused ultrasound show safe, transient blood brain barrier opening. First-in-human stem cells-derived dopaminergic grafts show safety and graft functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The advanced therapeutic landscape for Parkinson\u2019s disease has evolved through innovations in established and novel therapies. Future priorities for the field include standardized biomarkers and protocols for adaptive deep brain stimulation, long-term evaluation of high intensity focused ultrasound outcomes, and rigorously controlled trials of low intensity focused ultrasound and cell-based therapies designed to assess disease-modifying potential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-026-01483-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T07:44:14Z","timestamp":1771400654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Advanced Therapeutics in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: What\u2019s New?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0730-4061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana H.G.","family":"Monje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Karl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa S.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Yomtoob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Deliz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy A.","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Verhagen Metman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1483_CR1","first-page":"2413","volume":"20","author":"C Zulli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zulli C, Sica M, De Micco R, Del Petre A, Amato MR, Tessitore A, et al. Continuous intra jejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel by jejunal extension tube placement through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy for patients with advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: a preliminary study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016;20(11):2413\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1483_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26123","volume":"30","author":"HH Fernandez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fernandez HH, Standaert DG, Hauser RA, Lang AE, Fung VSC, Klostermann F, et al. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced parkinson\u2019s disease: final 12\u2010month, open\u2010label results. Mov Disord. 2015;30(4):500\u20139.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70293-X","volume":"13","author":"CW Olanow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olanow CW, Kieburtz K, Odin P, Espay AJ, Standaert DG, Fernandez HH, et al. Continuous intrajejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel for patients with advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(2):141\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR4","first-page":"165","volume":"5","author":"JT Slevin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slevin JT, Fernandez HH, Zadikoff C, Hall C, Eaton S, Dubow J, et al. Long-Term safety and maintenance of efficacy of Levodopa-Carbidopa intestinal gel: an Open-Label extension of the Double-Blind pivotal study in advanced parkinson\u2019s disease patients. J Park Dis. 2015;5(1):165\u201374.","journal-title":"J Park Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1483_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12526","volume":"4","author":"DG Standaert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Standaert DG, Rodriguez RL, Slevin JT, Lobatz M, Eaton S, Chatamra K, et al. Effect of Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel on Non\u2010motor symptoms in patients with advanced parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2017;4(6):829\u201337.","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"1483_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2017.09.018","volume":"45","author":"A Antonini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antonini A, Poewe W, Chaudhuri KR, Jech R, Pickut B, Pirto\u0161ek Z, et al. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced parkinson\u2019s: final results of the GLORIA registry. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2017;45:13\u201320.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"1483_CR7","first-page":"769","volume":"13","author":"KR Chaudhuri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chaudhuri KR, Kov\u00e1cs N, Pontieri FE, Aldred J, Bourgeois P, Davis TL, et al. Levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel in advanced parkinson\u2019s disease: DUOGLOBE final 3-Year results. J Park Dis. 2023;13(5):769\u201383.","journal-title":"J Park Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2023.2176222","volume":"23","author":"WH Jost","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jost WH. A novel treatment option for intrajejunal Levodopa administration. Expert Rev Neurother. 2023;23(1):9\u201313.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1483_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.14240","volume":"11","author":"M \u00d6thman","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6thman M, Nyholm D. A 4-year follow\u2010up of levodopa\u2010entacapone\u2010carbidopa intestinal gel treatment in parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2024;11(12):1609\u201312.","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"1483_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiss D, Jost WH, Sz\u00e1sz JA, Pirto\u0161ek Z, Milanov I, Tomantschger V et al. Levodopa\u2013entacapone\u2013carbidopa intrajejunal infusion in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease \u2013 interim analysis of the ELEGANCE study. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2025;12(8):1075\u20131085.","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.70046"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26073","volume":"90","author":"M Rosebraugh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosebraugh M, Voight EA, Moussa EM, Jameel F, Lou X, Zhang GGZ, et al. Foslevodopa\/Foscarbidopa: A new subcutaneous treatment for parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(1):52\u201361.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1483_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212813","volume":"11","author":"M Rosebraugh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosebraugh M, Liu W, Neenan M, Facheris MF. Foslevodopa\/Foscarbidopa is well tolerated and maintains stable levodopa and carbidopa exposure following subcutaneous infusion. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(4):1695\u2013702.","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"1483_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00400-8","volume":"21","author":"MJ Soileau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Soileau MJ, Aldred J, Budur K, Fisseha N, Fung VS, Jeong A, et al. Safety and efficacy of continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa-foscarbidopa in patients with advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(12):1099\u2013109.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1483_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-023-00554-w","volume":"12","author":"J Aldred","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aldred J, Freire-Alvarez E, Amelin AV, Antonini A, Bergmans B, Bergquist F, et al. Correction: Continuous subcutaneous Foslevodopa\/Foscarbidopa in parkinson\u2019s disease: safety and efficacy results from a 12-Month, Single-Arm, Open-Label, phase 3 study. Neurol Ther. 2023;12(6):1959\u201360.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"1483_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koeglsperger T, Berberovic E, Dresel C, Haferkamp S, Kassubek J, M\u00fcller R et al. Real-world experience with continuous subcutaneous foslevodopa\/foscarbidopa infusion: insights and recommendations. J Neural Transm. 2025;133(2):347\u2013359.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-025-02911-5"},{"issue":"9","key":"1483_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13810","volume":"10","author":"PL Kukkle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kukkle PL, Garg D, Merello M. Continuous subcutaneous infusion delivery of apomorphine in parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2023;10(9):1253\u201367.","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"1483_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30239-4","volume":"17","author":"R Katzenschlager","year":"2018","unstructured":"Katzenschlager R, Poewe W, Rascol O, Trenkwalder C, Deuschl G, Chaudhuri KR, et al. Apomorphine subcutaneous infusion in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease with persistent motor fluctuations (TOLEDO): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(9):749\u201359.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1483_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.12.024","volume":"83","author":"R Katzenschlager","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katzenschlager R, Poewe W, Rascol O, Trenkwalder C, Deuschl G, Chaudhuri KR, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of apomorphine infusion in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with persistent motor fluctuations: results of the open-label phase of the TOLEDO study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021;83:79\u201385.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR19","first-page":"361","volume":"15","author":"SH Isaacson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Isaacson SH, Espay AJ, Pahwa R, Agarwal P, Shill HA, Hui J, et al. Continuous, subcutaneous apomorphine infusion for Parkinson disease motor fluctuations: results from the phase 3, long-term, open-label united States infuson study. J Park Dis. 2025;15(2):361\u201373.","journal-title":"J Park Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1483_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00085-0","volume":"21","author":"VC De Cock","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Cock VC, Dodet P, Leu-Semenescu S, Aerts C, Castelnovo G, Abril B, et al. Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous night-time only apomorphine infusion to treat insomnia in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease (APOMORPHEE): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, double-blind crossover study. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(5):428\u201337.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.84.2.0203","volume":"84","author":"AL Benabid","year":"1996","unstructured":"Benabid AL, Pollak P, Gao D, Hoffmann D, Limousin P, Gay E, et al. Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders. J Neurosurg. 1996;84(2):203\u201314.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"16","key":"1483_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199810153391603","volume":"339","author":"P Limousin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Limousin P, Krack P, Pollak P, Benazzouz A, Ardouin C, Hoffmann D, et al. Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in advanced parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(16):1105\u201311.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1483_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa060281","volume":"355","author":"G Deuschl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deuschl G, Schade-Brittinger C, Krack P, Volkmann J, Sch\u00e4fer H, B\u00f6tzel K, et al. A randomized trial of Deep-Brain stimulation for parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(9):896\u2013908.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1483_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh571","volume":"128","author":"MC Rodriguez-Oroz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Obeso JA, Lang AE, Houeto JL, Pollak P, Rehncrona S, et al. Bilateral deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a multicentre study with 4 years follow-up. Brain. 2005;128(10):2240\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1483_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Isaias IU, Caffi L, Borellini L, Ampollini AM, Locatelli M, Pezzoli G et al. Case report: improvement of gait with adaptive deep brain stimulation in a patient with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024;12:1428189.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1428189"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30076","volume":"40","author":"S Cernera","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cernera S, Oehrn CR, Hammer LH, Shcherbakova M, Yao J, Hahn A, et al. Sustained clinical benefit of adaptive deep brain stimulation in parkinson\u2019s disease using gamma oscillations: A case report. Mov Disord. 2025;40(2):345\u201350.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"1483_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11100990","volume":"11","author":"L Caffi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caffi L, Romito LM, Palmisano C, Aloia V, Arlotti M, Rossi L, et al. Adaptive vs. Conventional deep brain stimulation: One-Year subthalamic recordings and clinical monitoring in a patient with parkinson\u2019s disease. Bioengineering. 2024;11(10):990.","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"11","key":"1483_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx252","volume":"140","author":"G Tinkhauser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tinkhauser G, Pogosyan A, Tan H, Herz DM, K\u00fchn AA, Brown P. Beta burst dynamics in Parkinson\u2019s disease OFF and ON dopaminergic medication. Brain. 2017;140(11):2968\u201381.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00301-2","volume":"8","author":"LK Feldmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feldmann LK, Lofredi R, Neumann W-J, Al-Fatly B, Roediger J, Bahners BH, et al. Toward therapeutic electrophysiology: beta-band suppression as a biomarker in chronic local field potential recordings. Npj Park Dis. 2022;8(1):44.","journal-title":"Npj Park Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00772-5","volume":"10","author":"S Stanslaski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stanslaski S, Summers RLS, Tonder L, Tan Y, Case M, Raike RS, et al. Sensing data and methodology from the adaptive DBS algorithm for personalized therapy in parkinson\u2019s disease (ADAPT-PD) clinical trial. Npj Park Dis. 2024;10(1):174.","journal-title":"Npj Park Dis"},{"key":"1483_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.04.013","volume":"152","author":"L Alva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alva L, Bernasconi E, Torrecillos F, Fischer P, Averna A, Bange M, et al. Clinical neurophysiological interrogation of motor slowing: A critical step towards tuning adaptive deep brain stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 2023;152:43\u201356.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.01.007","volume":"17","author":"JL Busch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Busch JL, Kaplan J, Habets JGV, Feldmann LK, Roediger J, K\u00f6hler RM, et al. Single threshold adaptive deep brain stimulation in parkinson\u2019s disease depends on parameter selection, movement state and controllability of subthalamic beta activity. Brain Stimul. 2024;17(1):125\u201333.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"5","key":"1483_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29381","volume":"38","author":"A Averna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Averna A, Debove I, Nowacki A, Peterman K, Duchet B, Sousa M, et al. Spectral topography of the subthalamic nucleus to inform Next-Generation deep brain stimulation. Mov Disord. 2023;38(5):818\u201330.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1483_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bond AE, Shah BB, Huss DS, Dallapiazza RF, Warren A, Harrison MB et al. Safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for patients with medication-refractory, tremor-dominant parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol [Internet]. 2017;74(12):1412. Available from: http:\/\/archneur.jamanetwork.com\/article.aspx?doi=10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3098","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3098"},{"issue":"8","key":"1483_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202721","volume":"388","author":"V Krishna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krishna V, Fishman PS, Eisenberg HM, Kaplitt M, Baltuch G, Chang JW, et al. Trial of globus pallidus focused ultrasound ablation in parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(8):683\u201393.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1483_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallay MN, Moser D, Rossi F, Magara AE, Strasser M, B\u00fchler R et al. MRgFUS pallidothalamic tractotomy for chronic therapy-resistant Parkinson\u2019s disease in 51 consecutive patients: single center experience. Front Surg. 2020;6:76.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2019.00076"},{"key":"1483_CR37","unstructured":"Insightec Announces FDA, Approval of Staged. Bilateral focused ultrasound treatment for Parkinson\u2019s disease."},{"issue":"26","key":"1483_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2016311","volume":"383","author":"R Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez R, M\u00e1\u00f1ez-Mir\u00f3 JU, Rodr\u00edguez-Rojas R, del \u00c1lamo M, Shah BB, Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez F, et al. Randomized trial of focused ultrasound subthalamotomy for parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(26):2501\u201313.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1483_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.1220","volume":"81","author":"R Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez R, Natera-Villalba E, Rodr\u00edguez-Rojas R, del \u00c1lamo M, Pineda-Pardo JA, Obeso I, et al. Staged bilateral MRI-Guided focused ultrasound subthalamotomy for Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol. 2024;81(6):638.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21022-9","volume":"12","author":"C Gasca-Salas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gasca-Salas C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez B, Pineda-Pardo JA, Rodr\u00edguez-Rojas R, Obeso I, Hern\u00e1ndez-Fern\u00e1ndez F, et al. Blood-brain barrier opening with focused ultrasound in parkinson\u2019s disease dementia. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):779.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"1483_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29134","volume":"37","author":"JA Pineda-Pardo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pineda-Pardo JA, Gasca\u2010Salas C, Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Rodr\u00edguez B, Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Rojas R, del \u00c1lamo M, Obeso I, et al. Striatal Blood\u2013Brain barrier opening in parkinson\u2019s disease dementia: A pilot exploratory study. Mov Disord. 2022;37(10):2057\u201365.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"1483_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29190","volume":"37","author":"Y Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng Y, Pople CB, Huang Y, Jones RM, Ottoy J, Goubran M, et al. Putaminal Recombinant glucocerebrosidase delivery with magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound in parkinson\u2019s disease: A phase I study. Mov Disord. 2022;37(10):2134\u20139.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1483_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2025.115525","volume":"218","author":"M Izrael","year":"2025","unstructured":"Izrael M, Chebath J, Molakandov K, Revel M. Clinical perspective on pluripotent stem cells derived cell therapies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2025;218:115525.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"8064","key":"1483_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08845-y","volume":"641","author":"V Tabar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tabar V, Sarva H, Lozano AM, Fasano A, Kalia SK, Yu KKH, et al. Phase I trial of hES cell-derived dopaminergic neurons for parkinson\u2019s disease. Nature. 2025;641(8064):978\u201383.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8064","key":"1483_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08700-0","volume":"641","author":"N Sawamoto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sawamoto N, Doi D, Nakanishi E, Sawamura M, Kikuchi T, Yamakado H, et al. Phase I\/II trial of iPS-cell-derived dopaminergic cells for parkinson\u2019s disease. Nature. 2025;641(8064):971\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1483_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2025.107630","volume":"134","author":"A Fraint","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fraint A, Larson PS, Christine CW, Phielipp NM, Houser M, Sherman SJ, et al. Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of intracranial delivery of autologous iPSC-derived dopaminergic precursors in moderate to advanced parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2025;134:107630.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"1483_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00052-8","volume":"23","author":"AJ Espay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Espay AJ, Stocchi F, Pahwa R, Albanese A, Ellenbogen A, Ferreira JJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of continuous subcutaneous levodopa\u2013carbidopa infusion (ND0612) for parkinson\u2019s disease with motor fluctuations (BouNDless): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(5):465\u201376.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1483_CR48","unstructured":"Verhagen Metman L, Maral Mouradian M et al. 2.2 Continous dopaminergic stimulation: concept and evidence. In: Odin P, Chaudhuri K, Aquilonious S, editors. Where are we? Continuous dopaminergic stimulation for Parkinson\u2019s disease [Internet]. Berkshire (UK): Empowering Strategic Performance Ltd; 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK604718\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR49","first-page":"409","volume":"15","author":"L Rigon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rigon L, Bove F, Izzo A, Montano N, Brusa L, Cerroni R, et al. Concordance between imaging and clinical based STN-DBS programming improves motor outcomes of directional stimulation in parkinson\u2019s disease. J Park Dis. 2025;15(2):409\u201320.","journal-title":"J Park Dis"},{"key":"1483_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aubignat M, Berro A, Tir M, Lefranc M. Imaging-guided subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation programming for Parkinson disease. Neurol Clin Pract. 2024;14(6):e200326.","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000200326"},{"key":"1483_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lange F, Steigerwald F, Malzacher T, Brandt GA, Odorfer TM, Roothans J et al. Reduced programming time and strong symptom control even in chronic course through imaging-based DBS programming. Front Neurol. 2021;12:785529.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.785529"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR52","first-page":"111","volume":"14","author":"A-S Rolland","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rolland A-S, Touzet G, Carriere N, Mutez E, Kreisler A, Simonin C, et al. The use of image guided programming to improve deep brain stimulation workflows with directional leads in parkinson\u2019s disease. J Park Dis. 2024;14(1):111\u20139.","journal-title":"J Park Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1483_CR53","first-page":"575","volume":"14","author":"GA Brandt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brandt GA, Stopic V, van der Linden C, Strelow JN, Petry-Schmelzer JN, Baldermann JC, et al. A retrospective comparison of multiple approaches to anatomically informed contact selection in subthalamic deep brain stimulation for parkinson\u2019s disease. J Park Dis. 2024;14(3):575\u201387.","journal-title":"J Park Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00639-9","volume":"10","author":"V Torres","year":"2024","unstructured":"Torres V, Del Giudice K, Rold\u00e1n P, Rumi\u00e0 J, Mu\u00f1oz E, C\u00e1mara A, et al. Image-guided programming deep brain stimulation improves clinical outcomes in patients with parkinson\u2019s disease. Npj Park Dis. 2024;10(1):29.","journal-title":"Npj Park Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1483_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.07.064","volume":"14","author":"J Waldthaler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Waldthaler J, Bopp M, K\u00fchn N, Bacara B, Keuler M, Gjorgjevski M, et al. Imaging-based programming of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Stimul. 2021;14(5):1109\u201317.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1483_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkins KB, Melbourne JA, Akella P, Bronte-Stewart HM. Unraveling the complexities of programming neural adaptive deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Hum Neurosci. 2023;17:1310393.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1310393"},{"issue":"5","key":"1483_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.07.047","volume":"15","author":"D Escobar Sanabria","year":"2022","unstructured":"Escobar Sanabria D, Aman JE, Zapata Amaya V, Johnson LA, Farooqi H, Wang J, et al. Controlling pallidal oscillations in real-time in parkinson\u2019s disease using evoked interference deep brain stimulation (eiDBS): proof of concept in the human. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(5):1111\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"11","key":"1483_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03196-z","volume":"30","author":"CR Oehrn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oehrn CR, Cernera S, Hammer LH, Shcherbakova M, Yao J, Hahn A, et al. Chronic adaptive deep brain stimulation versus conventional stimulation in parkinson\u2019s disease: a blinded randomized feasibility trial. Nat Med. 2024;30(11):3345\u201356.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1483_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awae004","volume":"147","author":"M Olaru","year":"2024","unstructured":"Olaru M, Cernera S, Hahn A, Wozny TA, Anso J, de Hemptinne C, et al. Motor network gamma oscillations in chronic home recordings predict dyskinesia in parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain. 2024;147(6):2038\u201352.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"5","key":"1483_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.08.006","volume":"16","author":"C Smyth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Smyth C, Anjum MF, Ravi S, Denison T, Starr P, Little S. Adaptive deep brain stimulation for sleep stage targeting in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Stimul. 2023;16(5):1292\u20136.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1483_CR61","unstructured":"Medtronic earns U.S. FDA approval for the world\u2019s first Adaptive deep brain stimulation system for people with Parkinson\u2019s. Medtronic; 2025. [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/news.medtronic.com\/2025-02-24-Medtronic-earns-U-S-FDA-approval-for-the-worlds-first-Adaptive-deep-brain-stimulation-system-for-people-with-Parkinsons#:~:text=Feb24%2C."},{"issue":"5","key":"1483_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"056029","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/acfbfa","volume":"20","author":"JE Fleming","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fleming JE, Senneff S, Lowery MM. Multivariable closed-loop control of deep brain stimulation for parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neural Eng. 2023;20(5):056029.","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"1483_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"046042","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac86a2","volume":"19","author":"P Sarikhani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarikhani P, Ferleger B, Mitchell K, Ostrem J, Herron J, Mahmoudi B, et al. Automated deep brain stimulation programming with safety constraints for tremor suppression in patients with parkinson\u2019s disease and essential tremor. J Neural Eng. 2022;19(4):046042.","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"1483_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2021.01.023","volume":"84","author":"F Sasaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sasaki F, Oyama G, Sekimoto S, Nuermaimaiti M, Iwamuro H, Shimo Y, et al. Closed-loop programming using external responses for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021;84:47\u201351.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1483_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.01.017","volume":"96","author":"CD Esper","year":"2022","unstructured":"Esper CD, Merola A, Himes L, Patel N, Bezchlibnyk YB, Falconer D, et al. Necessity and feasibility of remote tele-programming of deep brain stimulation systems in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2022;96:38\u201342.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06098-7","volume":"12","author":"P Silburn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silburn P, DeBates S, Tomlinson T, Schwark J, Creek G, Patel H, et al. Rapid development of an integrated remote programming platform for neuromodulation systems through the biodesign process. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):2269.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00744-7","volume":"5","author":"A Gharabaghi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gharabaghi A, Groppa S, Navas-Garcia M, Schnitzler A, Mu\u00f1oz-Delgado L, Marshall VL, et al. Accelerated symptom improvement in parkinson\u2019s disease via remote internet-based optimization of deep brain stimulation therapy: a randomized controlled multicenter trial. Commun Med. 2025;5(1):31.","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-024-00821-2","volume":"14","author":"E Oliviero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oliviero E, Schmitz-Luhn B, Mestre TA, Chandler JA. Telemedicine and implanted brain stimulation devices: a review of legal issues. Health Technol (Berl). 2024;14(2):329\u201338.","journal-title":"Health Technol (Berl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27535","volume":"34","author":"DL Fischer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fischer DL, Sortwell CE. BDNF provides many routes toward STN DBS-mediated disease modification. Mov Disord. 2019;34(1):22\u201334.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"1483_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29052","volume":"37","author":"P Mahlknecht","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahlknecht P, Foltynie T, Limousin P, Poewe W. How does deep brain stimulation change the course of parkinson\u2019s disease? Mov Disord. 2022;37(8):1581\u201392.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1483_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hacker ML, Turchan M, Heusinkveld LE, Currie AD, Millan SH, Molinari AL et al. Deep brain stimulation in early-stage Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2020;95(4):e393\u2013e401.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009946"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurom.2022.10.051","volume":"26","author":"ML Hacker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hacker ML, Meystedt JC, Turchan M, Cannard KR, Harper K, Fan R, et al. Eleven-year outcomes of deep brain stimulation in early-stage Parkinson disease. Neuromodulation Technol Neural Interface. 2023;26(2):451\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuromodulation Technol Neural Interface"},{"key":"1483_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong W, Qiu C, Lu Y, Luo B, Jiang X, Chang L et al. Effect of deep brain stimulation compared with drug therapy alone on the progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Neurosci. 2024;17:1330752.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1330752"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26674","volume":"94","author":"ML Hacker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hacker ML, Rajamani N, Neudorfer C, Hollunder B, Oxenford S, Li N, et al. Connectivity profile for subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in early stage Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2023;94(2):271\u201384.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1094-7159.2005.05214.x","volume":"8","author":"P Mazzone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mazzone P, Brown P, DiLazzaro V, Stanzione P, Oliviero A, Peppe A, et al. Bilateral implantation in globus pallidus internus and in subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuromodulation Technol Neural Interface. 2005;8(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Neuromodulation Technol Neural Interface"},{"key":"1483_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostofi A, Evans JM, Partington-Smith L, Yu K, Chen C, Silverdale MA. Outcomes from deep brain stimulation targeting subthalamic nucleus and caudal zona incerta for Parkinson\u2019s disease. npj Park Dis [Internet]. 2019;5(1):17. Available from: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-019-0089-1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-019-0089-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000001957","volume":"91","author":"KT Mitchell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mitchell KT, Schmidt SL, Cooney JW, Grill WM, Peters J, Rahimpour S, et al. Initial clinical outcome with bilateral, dual-target deep brain stimulation trial in Parkinson disease using Summit RC\u2009+\u2009S. Neurosurgery. 2022;91(1):132\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1483_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2024.106089","volume":"122","author":"DD Cummins","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cummins DD, Sandoval-Pistorius SS, Cernera S, Fernandez-Gajardo R, Hammer LH, Starr PA. Physiological effects of dual target DBS in an individual with Parkinson\u2019s disease and a sensing-enabled pulse generator. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2024;122:106089.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1483_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad429","volume":"147","author":"SL Schmidt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schmidt SL, Chowdhury AH, Mitchell KT, Peters JJ, Gao Q, Lee H-J, et al. At home adaptive dual target deep brain stimulation in parkinson\u2019s disease with proportional control. Brain. 2024;147(3):911\u201322.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1483_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elias WJ, Lipsman N, Ondo WG, Ghanouni P, Kim YG, Lee W et al. A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2016;375(8):730\u20139. Available from: http:\/\/www.nejm.orghttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1600159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1600159"},{"issue":"10","key":"1483_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29569","volume":"38","author":"MMJ Chua","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chua MMJ, Blitz SE, Ng PR, Segar DJ, McDannold NJ, White PJ, et al. Focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor in parkinson\u2019s disease: outcomes in a Large, prospective cohort. Mov Disord. 2023;38(10):1962\u20137.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212810","volume":"12","author":"A Sinai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sinai A, Nassar M, Sprecher E, Constantinescu M, Zaaroor M, Schlesinger I. Focused ultrasound thalamotomy in tremor dominant Parkinson\u2019s disease: long-term results. J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(1):199\u2013206.","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29658","volume":"39","author":"J Peters","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peters J, Maamary J, Kyle K, Olsen N, Jones L, Bolitho S, et al. Outcomes of focused ultrasound thalamotomy in tremor syndromes. Mov Disord. 2024;39(1):173\u201382.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1483_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-023-05510-z","volume":"165","author":"F Bruno","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bruno F, Tommasino E, Pertici L, Pagliei V, Gagliardi A, Catalucci A, et al. MRgFUS thalamotomy for the treatment of tremor: evaluation of learning curve and operator\u2019s experience impact on the procedural and clinical outcome. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2023;165(3):727\u201333.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"1483_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2022.105230","volume":"106","author":"G Saporito","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saporito G, Sucapane P, Ornello R, Cerone D, Bruno F, Splendiani A, et al. Cognitive outcomes after focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor: results from the COGNIFUS (COGNitive in Focused UltraSound) study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2023;106:105230.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"1483_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12469-z","volume":"271","author":"V Purrer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Purrer V, Pohl E, Borger V, Weiland H, Boecker H, Schmeel FC, et al. Motor and non-motor outcome in tremor dominant parkinson\u2019s disease after MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy. J Neurol. 2024;271(7):3731\u201342.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1483_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30093","volume":"40","author":"A Braccia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Braccia A, Golfr\u00e8 Andreasi N, Ghielmetti F, Aquino D, Savoldi AP, Cilia R, et al. Magnetic Resonance\u2013Guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy in a prospective cohort of 52 patients with parkinson\u2019s disease: A possible critical role of age and lesion volume for predicting tremor relapse. Mov Disord. 2025;40(3):478\u201389.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1483_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gallay MN, Moser D, Magara AE, Haufler F, Jeanmonod D. Bilateral MR-guided focused ultrasound pallidothalamic tractotomy for Parkinson\u2019s disease with 1-year follow-up. Front Neurol. 2021;12:601153.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.601153"},{"key":"1483_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalvi A, Zucker L, Chang WC, Wu P, Kaplitt M, Sarva H et al. Staged, bilateral MR-guided focused ultrasound pallidothalamic tractotomy as a treatment for movement disorders: rationale and design of a Parkinson\u2019s disease study (P11-5.026). Neurology. 2025;104(7_Supplement_1).","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000211364"},{"key":"1483_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen J, Chen C, Aoh Y, Lu M, Tsai C. Stepwise dual-target magnetic resonance\u2010guided focused ultrasound in tremor\u2010dominant Parkinson disease: one\u2010year follow\u2010up. Eur J Neurol. 2024;31(12):e16468.","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16468"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00843-7","volume":"10","author":"M Campins-Romeu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Campins-Romeu M, Conde-Sard\u00f3n R, Sastre-Bataller I, Morata-Mart\u00ednez C, Losada-L\u00f3pez M, Le\u00f3n-Guijarro JL, et al. MRgFUS subthalamotomy in parkinson\u2019s disease: an approach aimed at minimizing lesion volume. Npj Park Dis. 2024;10(1):230.","journal-title":"Npj Park Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"1483_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30020","volume":"39","author":"L Armengou-Garcia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Armengou-Garcia L, Sanchez\u2010Catasus CA, Aviles\u2010Olmos I, Jim\u00e9nez\u2010Huete A, Montoya\u2010Murillo G, Gorospe A, et al. Unilateral magnetic Resonance\u2013Guided focused ultrasound lesion of the subthalamic nucleus in parkinson\u2019s disease: A prospective study. Mov Disord. 2024;39(12):2230\u201341.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"13","key":"1483_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1395","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000206771","volume":"100","author":"R Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez R, Natera-Villalba E, M\u00e1\u00f1ez Mir\u00f3 JU, Rodriguez-Rojas R, Marta del \u00c1lamo M, Pineda-Pardo J\u00c1, et al. Prospective long-term follow-up of focused ultrasound unilateral subthalamotomy for Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2023;100(13):e1395\u2013405.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1483_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30159","volume":"40","author":"S Paschen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Paschen S, Natera-Villalba E, Pineda\u2010Pardo JA, del \u00c1lamo M, Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Rojas R, Hensler J, et al. Comparative study of focused ultrasound unilateral thalamotomy and subthalamotomy for Medication\u2010Refractory parkinson\u2019s disease tremor. Mov Disord. 2025;40(5):823\u201333.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30090","volume":"40","author":"MC Rodriguez-Oroz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Mart\u00ednez\u2010Fern\u00e1ndez R, Lipsman N, Horisawa S, Moro E. Bilateral lesions in parkinson\u2019s disease: gaps and controversies. Mov Disord. 2025;40(2):231\u201340.","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1483_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Golfr\u00e8 Andreasi N, Cilia R, Romito LM, Bonvegna S, Straccia G, Elia AE et al. Magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy may spare dopaminergic therapy in early-stage tremor\u2010dominant Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot study. Mov Disord [Internet]. 2022;37(11):2289\u201395. Available from: https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.29200","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29200"},{"issue":"3","key":"1483_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2023-331211","volume":"95","author":"R Mart\u00ednez Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez Fern\u00e1ndez R, Natera Villalba E, Rodriguez-Rojas R, del \u00c1lamo M, Pineda-Pardo JA, Obeso I, et al. Unilateral focused ultrasound subthalamotomy in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2024;95(3):206\u201313.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1483_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902093200601","volume":"320","author":"CG Goetz","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Olanow CW, Koller WC, Penn RD, Cahill D, Morantz R, et al. Multicenter study of autologous adrenal medullary transplantation to the corpus striatum in patients with advanced parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 1989;320(6):337\u201341.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1483_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530120030006","volume":"47","author":"CW Olanow","year":"1990","unstructured":"Olanow CW, Koller W, Goetz CG, Stebbins GT, Cahill DW, Gauger LL, et al. Autologous transplantation of adrenal medulla in parkinson\u2019s disease. 18-month results. Arch Neurol. 1990;47(12):1286\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"17","key":"1483_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504273321702","volume":"332","author":"JH Kordower","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kordower JH, Freeman TB, Snow BJ, Vingerhoets FJG, Mufson EJ, Sanberg PR, et al. Neuropathological evidence of graft survival and striatal reinnervation after the transplantation of fetal mesencephalic tissue in a patient with parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(17):1118\u201324.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1483_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1038\/16060","volume":"2","author":"P Piccini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Piccini P, Brooks DJ, Bj\u00f6rklund A, Gunn RN, Grasby PM, Rimoldi O, et al. Dopamine release from nigral transplants visualized in vivo in a Parkinson\u2019s patient. Nat Neurosci. 1999;2(12):1137\u201340.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1483_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103083441002","volume":"344","author":"CR Freed","year":"2001","unstructured":"Freed CR, Greene PE, Breeze RE, Tsai W-Y, DuMouchel W, Kao R, et al. Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe parkinson\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(10):710\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1483_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10720","volume":"54","author":"CW Olanow","year":"2003","unstructured":"Olanow CW, Goetz CG, Kordower JH, Stoessl AJ, Sossi V, Brin MF, et al. A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol. 2003;54(3):403\u201314.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70295-8","volume":"12","author":"RA Barker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barker RA, Barrett J, Mason SL, Bj\u00f6rklund A. Fetal dopaminergic transplantation trials and the future of neural grafting in parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(1):84\u201391.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1483_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker RA, Lao-Kaim NP, Guzman NV, Athauda D, Bjartmarz H, Bj\u00f6rklund A et al. The TransEuro open-label trial of human fetal ventral mesencephalic transplantation in patients with moderate Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Biotechnol. 2026;44(1):70\u201378.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-025-02567-2"},{"key":"1483_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paul G, Morizane A, Kirkeby A, Takahashi J, Henchcliffe C. The future: Stem cells? Current clinical trials using stem cells for dopaminergic cell replacement. In Elsevier; 2024. pp. 191\u2013220. Available from: https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666787824000097","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irmvd.2024.08.004"},{"key":"1483_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kern R, Garitaonandia I, Gonzalez R, Sherman G, Semechkin A, Braine E et al. Results of an open label, dose escalating, phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety of a human neural stem cell based therapy in Parkinson\u2019s disease (P1.8-016). Neurology [Internet]. 2019;92(15_supplement). Available from: https:\/\/www.neurology.org\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.92.15_supplement.P1.8-016","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.92.15_supplement.P1.8-016"},{"issue":"2","key":"1483_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202348","volume":"11","author":"K Smilowska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smilowska K, van Wamelen DJ, Pietrzykowski T, Calvano A, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Martinez-Martin P, et al. Cost-effectiveness of device-aided therapies in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: a structured review. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(2):475\u201389.","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"1483_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2078","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207858","volume":"101","author":"D P\u00fcrner","year":"2023","unstructured":"P\u00fcrner D, Hormozi M, Wei\u00df D, Barbe MT, Jergas H, Prell T, et al. Nationwide retrospective analysis of combinations of advanced therapies in patients with Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2023;101(21):e2078\u201393.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1483_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-025-00730-0","volume":"14","author":"D Nyholm","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nyholm D, Eggington S, Holm A. Therapies for advanced parkinson\u2019s disease in sweden: a cost-effectiveness analysis using Real-World data. Neurol Ther. 2025;14(3):801\u201312.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1483_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.5.JNS20692","volume":"135","author":"Y Meng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng Y, Pople CB, Kalia SK, Kalia LV, Davidson B, Bigioni L, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of MR-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for tremor-dominant parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosurg. 2021;135(1):273\u20138.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1483_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.10.042","volume":"83","author":"L Marsili","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marsili L, Bologna M, Miyasaki JM, Colosimo C. Parkinson\u2019s disease advanced therapies - a systematic review: more unanswered questions than guidance. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021;83:132\u20139.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1483_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212735","volume":"11","author":"MS Zaman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zaman MS, Ghahari S, McColl MA. Barriers to accessing healthcare services for people with parkinson\u2019s disease: a scoping review. J Parkinsons Dis. 2021;11(4):1537\u201353.","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1483_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02668-9","volume":"130","author":"M Auffret","year":"2023","unstructured":"Auffret M, Weiss D, Stocchi F, V\u00e9rin M, Jost WH. Access to device-aided therapies in advanced parkinson\u2019s disease: navigating clinician biases, patient preference, and prognostic uncertainty. J Neural Transm. 2023;130(11):1411\u201332.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"1483_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2025.107322","volume":"133","author":"J Jimenez-Shahed","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jimenez-Shahed J, Malaty IA, Soileau M, Yan CH, Kandukuri L, Schinkel J, et al. Association of patient characteristics, social drivers of health, and geographic location on access to device-aided therapies among medicare beneficiaries with advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2025;133:107322.","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-026-01483-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11910-026-01483-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11910-026-01483-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:24:40Z","timestamp":1781634280000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11910-026-01483-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11910-026-01483-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-6293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-6293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights"}}],"article-number":"11"}}