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The three main subtypes have different pathogeneses, biological behaviours and clinical characteristics, so\u00a0they require different management strategies. This article will provide an overview of g-NENs and highlight recent advances in the field.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Molecular profiling has revealed differences between indolent and aggressive g-NENs, as well as a new somatic mutation responsible for some familial type I g-NENs. Novel biomarkers have been developed which will hopefully improve diagnosis, treatment, risk stratification and follow-up. Patient treatment is also changing, as evidence supports the use of less aggressive options (e.g. endoscopic surveillance or resection) in some patients with more indolent tumours.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>g-NEN heterogeneity poses challenges in understanding and managing this rare disease. More basic science research is needed to investigate molecular pathogenesis, and future larger clinical studies will hopefully also further improve treatment and patient outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-021-01175-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T18:03:08Z","timestamp":1642701788000},"page":"77-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["New Developments in Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Klaire","family":"Exarchou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan A.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan R.","family":"Howes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. 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Nathan A. Stephens declares that he has no conflict of interest. Andrew R. Moore has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH, and has received reimbursement for travel accommodations\/expenses from Ipsen. Nathan R. Howes is supported, in part, by a research grant from the UK and Ireland Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (UKINETS)\/Neuroendocrine Cancer UK. D. Mark Pritchard is supported, in part, by a research grant from UKINETS\/Neuroendocrine Cancer UK, and has received research funding to investigate the role of netazepide in gastric NETs from Trio Medicines Ltd.; has served as a consultant for Ipsen, Advanced Accelerator Applications, and Laboratoires Mayoly-Spindler, with all compensation going directly to his institution; has served as a guest lecturer\/speaker\/presenter for Ipsen, Advanced Accelerator Applications, and Laboratoires Mayoly-Spindler, with all compensation going directly to his institution; has received reimbursement for travel accommodations\/expenses from Ipsen; has participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Ipsen and Advanced Accelerator Applications, with all compensation going directly to his institution; and was a member of the British Society of Gastroenterology Council from 2018 to 2020.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}