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Immunotherapy and targeted therapy have limited benefit,\u00a0but novel therapies are rapidly expanding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MM is aggressive cancer occurring in gastrointestinal, respiratory, or urogenital mucosa; whose incidence is greater in the\u00a0Asian population. The etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear since UV exposure is not a proven risk factor as in cutaneous\u00a0melanoma. In contrast to CM, lesions on the mucosal surface are less likely to be recognized early; therefore, the disease\u00a0is diagnosed in an advanced stage. Clinical manifestations, such as bleeding or pain, can help to detect this tumor, although\u00a0the prognosis remains unfavorable with an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 20%.\u00a0The mutational landscape of MM includes mutations of BRAF and NRAS, as well as mutations in the c-KIT\/CD117 gene (in 50% of patients), thus limiting therapeutic interventions to immunotherapy. However, clinical studies show\u00a0less responsiveness to immunotherapy compared to CM, therefore novel therapeutic strategies targeting new molecules are\u00a0needed to improve the survival of patients with MM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-023-01453-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T04:02:02Z","timestamp":1695960122000},"page":"1247-1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Mucosal Melanoma: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3093-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Sergi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Filoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Triggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Cazzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Intern\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camillo","family":"Porta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1453_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-018-0675-0","volume":"20","author":"SS Yde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yde SS, Sjoegren P, Heje M, Stolle LB. 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