{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:51:08Z","timestamp":1791557468781,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002332","name":"Semmelweis University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Oncol Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose of the Review<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>As cancer survival rates are increasing, alternative treatments to improve quality of life, such as cannabinoids, are gaining attention. Although cannabinoids are widely used to manage cancer-related symptoms, clear guidelines are lacking. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the safety and efficacy of cannabinoids in the management of symptoms among cancer patients. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023479375). A systematic search was conducted using three main databases (PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL) on 4 November 2023. We included interventional and observational studies that evaluated cannabinoids for symptom management in cancer patients compared to standard care, placebo, or baseline values. Pooled mean differences (MD), proportions and odds ratios (OR), and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with a random-effects model.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Overall, 98 articles were eligible. Cannabinoids reduced pain (MRAW: -1.22, CI: -1.92; -0.52) and anxiety (MRAW: -1.30, CI: -2.22; -0.39) as compared to baseline values. Appetite (MRAW: -1.88, CI: -6.23; 2.46), chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (OR: 2.18, CI: 0.79; 6.00), as well as insomnia (MD: -1.08, CI: -2.48; 0.33) presented with a tendency toward improvement. Cannabinoids do not influence constipation, depression, fatigue, mobility or overall quality of life. In terms of safety issues, THC-predominant formulations increase the risks of psychiatric (OR: 10.62, CI: 1.35; 83.57), neurological (OR:2.24, CI: 1.15; 4.35), and gastrointestinal (OR:2.69, CI:0.73;9.90) side effects. The risk of bias of articles included varied from some concerns to high.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cannabinoids may be beneficial for the treatment of cancer-related pain and anxiety; however, their use carries a significant risk of adverse effects, particularly psychiatric complications. Careful patient selection is essential when considering cannabinoid-based treatments.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-025-01695-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T09:31:11Z","timestamp":1754040671000},"page":"1080-1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Indications of Cannabinoids for the Palliation of Cancer-Associated Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ioana","family":"Creang\u0103-Murariu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana-Irina","family":"Rezu\u0219","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshanak","family":"Karami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anett","family":"Rancz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1d\u00e1m","family":"Zolcs\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie Anne","family":"Engh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Obeidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan-Ionel","family":"Tamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Hegyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Bunduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1695_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgo.2022.10.008","volume":"14","author":"WB Garner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garner WB, Smith BD, Ludmir EB, et al. Predicting future cancer incidence by age, race, ethnicity, and sex. J Geriatr Oncol. 2023;14:101393.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e076962","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076962","volume":"384","author":"J Shelton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shelton J, Zotow E, Smith L, et al. 25 year trends in cancer incidence and mortality among adults aged 35\u201369 years in the UK, 1993\u20132018: retrospective secondary analysis. BMJ. 2024;384:e076962.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1695_CR3","first-page":"117822182311825","volume":"17","author":"KM Hasan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hasan KM. Cannabis unveiled: an exploration of marijuana\u2019s history, active compounds, effects, benefits, and risks on human health. Subst Abuse. 2023;17:11782218231182552.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"key":"1695_CR4","first-page":"180","volume":"42","author":"MB Bridgeman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bridgeman MB, Abazia DT. Medicinal cannabis: history, pharmacology, and implications for the acute care setting. P T. 2017;42:180\u20138.","journal-title":"P T"},{"key":"1695_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211506","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1211506","volume":"14","author":"I Creanga-Murariu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Creanga-Murariu I, Filipiuc LE, Cuciureanu M, Tamba B-I, Alexa-Stratulat T. Should oncologists trust cannabinoids? Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1211506.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34922","volume":"129","author":"DR Azizoddin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Azizoddin DR, Cohn AM, Ulahannan SV, et al. Cannabis use among adults undergoing cancer treatment. Cancer. 2023;129:3498\u2013508.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4488","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30879","volume":"123","author":"SA Pergam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pergam SA, Woodfield MC, Lee CM, et al. Cannabis use among patients at a comprehensive cancer center in a state with legalized medicinal and recreational use. Cancer. 2017;123:4488\u201397.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR8","first-page":"545","volume":"31","author":"T Salz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salz T, Meza AM, Chino F, et al. Cannabis use among recently treated cancer patients: perceptions and experiences. Support Care Cancer. 2023;31:545.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2019.1669626","volume":"45","author":"R Smart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smart R, Pacula RL. Early evidence of the impact of cannabis legalization on cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and the use of other substances: Findings from state policy evaluations. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2019;45:644\u201363.","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"1695_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv166","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy152","volume":"29","author":"M Fallon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fallon M, Giusti R, Aielli F, et al. Management of cancer pain in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:iv166-91.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2021.100092","volume":"6","author":"J Arends","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arends J, Strasser F, Gonella S, et al. Cancer cachexia in adult patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines\u2606. ESMO Open. 2021;6:100092.","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"key":"1695_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02596","volume":"42","author":"IM Braun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Braun IM, Bohlke K, Abrams DI, et al. Cannabis and cannabinoids in adults with cancer: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2024;42:1575\u201393.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"M Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page M, McKenzie J, Bossuyt P, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1695_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;10: 000142.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.ED000142"},{"key":"1695_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-4","volume":"2","author":"A Booth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Booth A, Clarke M, Dooley G, et al. PROSPERO at one year: an evaluation of its utility. Syst Rev. 2013;2:4.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"1695_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1563","volume":"13","author":"NR Haddaway","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haddaway NR, Grainger MJ, Gray CT. Citationchaser: A tool for transparent and efficient forward and backward citation chasing in systematic searching. Res Synth Methods. 2022;13:533\u201345.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"1695_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","volume":"5","author":"M Ouzzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5:210.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"1695_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1695_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1695_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","volume":"64","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64:383\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1695_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539\u201358.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"1695_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1332","volume":"10","author":"JE Pustejovsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pustejovsky JE, Rodgers MA. Testing for funnel plot asymmetry of standardized mean differences. Res Synth Methods. 2019;10:57\u201371.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"key":"1695_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harrer M, Cuijpers P, Furukawa TA, Ebert DD. Doing meta-analysis with R: A hands-on guide. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall\/CRC, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781003107347","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003107347"},{"key":"1695_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1983.247","volume":"48","author":"S Ahmedzai","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ahmedzai S, Carlyle DL, Calder IT, Moran F. Anti-emetic efficacy and toxicity of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, in lung cancer chemotherapy. Br J Cancer. 1983;48:657\u201363.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdq727","volume":"22","author":"TD Brisbois","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brisbois TD, de Kock IH, Watanabe SM, et al. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol may palliate altered chemosensory perception in cancer patients: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:2086\u201393.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR26","first-page":"946","volume":"79","author":"HS Chan","year":"1987","unstructured":"Chan HS, Correia JA, MacLeod SM. Nabilone versus prochlorperazine for control of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis in children: a double-blind, crossover trial. Pediatrics. 1987;79:946\u201352.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1695_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19810401)47:7<1746::AID-CNCR2820470704>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"47","author":"AE Chang","year":"1981","unstructured":"Chang AE, Shiling DJ, Stillman RC, et al. A prospective evaluation of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in patients receiving adriamycin and cytoxan chemotherapy. Cancer. 1981;47:1746\u201351.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-91-6-819","volume":"91","author":"AE Chang","year":"1979","unstructured":"Chang AE, Shiling DJ, Stillman RC, et al. Delata-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic in cancer patients receiving high-dose methotrexate. A prospective, randomized evaluation. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:819\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1695_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489415612801","volume":"125","author":"M C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2016","unstructured":"C\u00f4t\u00e9 M, Trudel M, Wang C, Fortin A. Improving quality of life with nabilone during radiotherapy treatments for head and neck cancers: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016;125:317\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"1695_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02934575","volume":"3","author":"SM Crawford","year":"1986","unstructured":"Crawford SM, Buckman R. Nabilone and metoclopramide in the treatment of nausea and vomiting due to cisplatinum: a double blind study. Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1986;3:39\u201342.","journal-title":"Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother"},{"key":"1695_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(88)90300-8","volume":"24","author":"D Cunningham","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cunningham D, Bradley CJ, Forrest GJ, et al. A randomized trial of oral nabilone and prochlorperazine compared to intravenous metoclopramide and dexamethasone in the treatment of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy regimens containing cisplatin or cisplatin analogues. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1988;24:685\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.61.5.502","volume":"61","author":"AM Dalzell","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dalzell AM, Bartlett H, Lilleyman JS. Nabilone: an alternative antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy. Arch Dis Child. 1986;61:502\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1695_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1974.tb00257.x","volume":"1","author":"BH Davies","year":"1974","unstructured":"Davies BH, Weatherstone RM, Graham JD, Griffiths RD. A pilot study of orally administered \u0394(1)-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in the management of patients undergoing radiotherapy for carcinoma of the bronchus. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1974;1:301\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03743.x","volume":"70","author":"M Duran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duran M, P\u00e9rez E, Abanades S, et al. Preliminary efficacy and safety of an oromucosal standardized cannabis extract in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;70:656\u201363.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02576.x","volume":"21","author":"LH Einhorn","year":"1981","unstructured":"Einhorn LH, Nagy C, Furnas B, Williams SD. Nabilone: an effective antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21:64S-69S.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(82)80037-6","volume":"9","author":"L Einhorn","year":"1982","unstructured":"Einhorn L. Nabilone: an effective antiemetic agent in patients receiving cancer chemotherap. Cancer Treat Rev. 1982;9:55\u201361.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"1695_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463717710042","volume":"11","author":"MT Fallon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fallon MT, Albert Lux E, McQuade R, et al. Sativex oromucosal spray as adjunctive therapy in advanced cancer patients with chronic pain unalleviated by optimized opioid therapy: two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 studies. Br J Pain. 2017;11:119\u201333.","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"key":"1695_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-91-6-825","volume":"91","author":"S Frytak","year":"1979","unstructured":"Frytak S, Moertel CG, O\u2019Fallon JR, et al. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic for patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. A comparison with prochlorperazine and a placebo. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:825\u201330.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1695_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01487619","volume":"61","author":"HH Gerhartz","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gerhartz HH, Binsack T, Hiller E. Levonantradol for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Klin Wochenschr. 1983;61:719\u201321.","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"1695_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.07.020","volume":"31","author":"P Grimison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grimison P, Mersiades A, Kirby A, et al. Oral THC:CBD cannabis extract for refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase II crossover trial. Ann Oncol. 2020;31:1553\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01632","volume":"41","author":"J Hardy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hardy J, Greer R, Huggett G, Kearney A, Gurgenci T, Good P. Phase IIb randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating, double-blind study of cannabidiol oil for the relief of symptoms in advanced cancer (MedCan1-CBD). J Clin Oncol. 2023;41:1444\u201352.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00257128","volume":"13","author":"ME Heim","year":"1984","unstructured":"Heim ME, Queisser W, Altenburg HP. Randomized crossover study of the antiemetic activity of levonantradol and metoclopramide in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1984;13:123\u20135.","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197906073002302","volume":"300","author":"TS Herman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Herman TS, Einhorn LH, Jones SE, et al. Superiority of nabilone over prochlorperazine as an antiemetic in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:1295\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1695_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-5379(83)90032-9","volume":"19","author":"AW Hutcheon","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hutcheon AW, Palmer JB, Soukop M, et al. A randomised multicentre single blind comparison of a cannabinoid anti-emetic (levonantradol) with chlorpromazine in patients receiving their first cytotoxic chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1983;19:1087\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.20.2.567","volume":"20","author":"A Jatoi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jatoi A, Windschitl HE, Loprinzi CL, et al. Dronabinol versus megestrol acetate versus combination therapy for cancer-associated anorexia: A north central cancer treatment group study. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:567\u201373.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(82)80032-7","volume":"9","author":"R Johansson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Johansson R, Kilkku P, Groenroos M. A double-blind, controlled trial of nabilone vs. prochlorperazine for refractory emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 1982;9:25\u201333.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"1695_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.06.008","volume":"39","author":"JR Johnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson JR, Burnell-Nugent M, Lossignol D, Ganae-Motan ED, Potts R, Fallon MT. Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of THC:CBD extract and THC extract in patients with intractable cancer-related pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2010;39:167\u201379.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"1695_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2012.07.014","volume":"46","author":"JR Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson JR, Lossignol D, Burnell-Nugent M, Fallon MT. An open-label extension study to investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of THC\/CBD oromucosal spray and oromucosal THC spray in patients with terminal cancer-related pain refractory to strong opioid analgesics. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2013;46:207\u201318.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"1695_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(82)80035-2","volume":"9","author":"SE Jones","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jones SE, Durant JR, Greco FA, Robertone A. A multi-institutional Phase III study of nabilone vs. placebo in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Cancer Treat Rev. 1982;9:45\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"1695_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(91)90026-Z","volume":"6","author":"M Lane","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lane M, Vogel CL, Ferguson J, et al. Dronabinol and prochlorperazine in combination for treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1991;6:352\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"1695_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(82)80036-4","volume":"9","author":"M Levitt","year":"1982","unstructured":"Levitt M. Nabilone vs. placebo in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. Cancer Treat Rev. 1982;9:49\u201353.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"1695_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2017.09.001","volume":"55","author":"AH Lichtman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lichtman AH, Lux EA, McQuade R, et al. Results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of nabiximols oromucosal spray as an adjunctive therapy in advanced cancer patients with chronic uncontrolled pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2018;55:179-188.e1.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"1695_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(82)80383-8","volume":"33","author":"HH Lucraft","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lucraft HH, Palmer MK. Randomised clinical trial of levonantradol and chlorpromazine in the prevention of radiotherapy-induced vomiting. Clin Radiol. 1982;33:621\u20132.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"1695_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2013.02.018","volume":"47","author":"ME Lynch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lynch ME, Cesar-Rittenberg P, Hohmann AG. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot trial with extension using an oral mucosal cannabinoid extract for treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014;47:166\u201373.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"1695_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00175407","volume":"6","author":"M McCabe","year":"1988","unstructured":"McCabe M, Smith FP, Macdonald JS, Woolley PV, Goldberg D, Schein PS. Efficacy of tetrahydrocannabinol in patients refractory to standard antiemetic therapy. Invest New Drugs. 1988;6:243\u20136.","journal-title":"Invest New Drugs"},{"key":"1695_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1185\/030079907X167525","volume":"23","author":"E Meiri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Meiri E, Jhangiani H, Vredenburgh JJ, et al. Efficacy of dronabinol alone and in combination with ondansetron versus ondansetron alone for delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23:533\u201343.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"1695_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01728184","volume":"64","author":"N Niederle","year":"1986","unstructured":"Niederle N, Sch\u00fctte J, Schmidt CG. Crossover comparison of the antiemetic efficacy of nabilone and alizapride in patients with nonseminomatous testicular cancer receiving cisplatin therapy. Klin Wochenschr. 1986;64:362\u20135.","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"1695_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02571.x","volume":"21","author":"JA Neidhart","year":"1981","unstructured":"Neidhart JA, Gagen MM, Wilson HE, Young DC. Comparative trial of the antiemetic effects of THC and haloperidol. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21:38S-42S.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/082585979401000105","volume":"10","author":"K Nelson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nelson K, Walsh D, Deeter P, Sheehan F. A phase II study of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol for appetite stimulation in cancer-associated anorexia. J Palliat Care. 1994;10:14\u20138.","journal-title":"J Palliat Care"},{"key":"1695_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198508000-00013","volume":"8","author":"A Niiranen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Niiranen A, Mattson K. A cross-over comparison of nabilone and prochlorperazine for emesis induced by cancer chemotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol. 1985;8:336\u201340.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198708000-00014","volume":"10","author":"A Niiranen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Niiranen A, Mattson K. Antiemetic efficacy of nabilone and dexamethasone: a randomized study of patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy. Am J Clin Oncol. 1987;10:325\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2190\/UEY1-LK8P-H5D0-1GT8","volume":"14","author":"PL Nelson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nelson PL. Cannabis amotivational syndrome and personality trait absorption: A review and reconceptualization. Imagin Cogn Pers. 1994;14:43\u201358.","journal-title":"Imagin Cogn Pers"},{"key":"1695_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330220019010","volume":"140","author":"LE Orr","year":"1980","unstructured":"Orr LE, McKernan JF, Bloome B. Antiemetic effect of tetrahydrocannabinol. Compared with placebo and prochlorperazine in chemotherapy-associated nausea and emesis. Arch Intern Med. 1980;140:1431\u20133.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1695_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00256701","volume":"17","author":"M Pomeroy","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pomeroy M, Fennelly JJ, Towers M. Prospective randomized double-blind trial of nabilone versus domperidone in the treatment of cytotoxic-induced emesis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1986;17:285\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2012.01.003","volume":"13","author":"RK Portenoy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Portenoy RK, Ganae-Motan ED, Allende S, et al. Nabiximols for opioid-treated cancer patients with poorly-controlled chronic pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, graded-dose trial. J Pain. 2012;13:438\u201349.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"1695_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197510162931603","volume":"293","author":"SE Sallan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sallan SE, Zinberg NE, Frei E. Antiemetic effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:795\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1695_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1984.tb01824.x","volume":"24","author":"VR Sheidler","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sheidler VR, Ettinger DS, Diasio RB, Enterline JP, Brown MD. Double-blind multiple-dose crossover study of the antiemetic effect of intramuscular levonantradol compared to prochlorperazine. J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;24:155\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2018.01.023","volume":"49","author":"L Bar-Lev Schleider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bar-Lev Schleider L, Mechoulam R, Lederman V, et al. Prospective analysis of safety and efficacy of medical cannabis in large unselected population of patients with cancer. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;49:37\u201343.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"1695_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649555","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.649555","volume":"11","author":"J Schloss","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schloss J, Lacey J, Sinclair J, et al. A phase 2 randomised clinical trial assessing the tolerability of two different ratios of medicinal cannabis in patients with high grade gliomas. Front Oncol. 2021;11:649555.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1984.tb02756.x","volume":"24","author":"JE Stambaugh","year":"1984","unstructured":"Stambaugh JE, McAdams J, Vreeland F. Dose ranging evaluation of the antiemetic efficacy and toxicity of intramuscular levonantradol in cancer subjects with chemotherapy-induced emesis. J Clin Pharmacol. 1984;24:480\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3394","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.1847","volume":"24","author":"F Strasser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group, Strasser F, Luftner D, et al. Comparison of orally administered cannabis extract and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in treating patients with cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome: a multicenter, phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from the Cannabis-In-Cachexia-Study-Group. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:3394\u2013400.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S401938","volume":"15","author":"A Sukpiriyagul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sukpiriyagul A, Chartchaiyarerk R, Tabtipwon P, et al. Oral Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): Cannabinoid (CBD) Cannabis extract adjuvant for reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV): A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled. Crossover Trial Int J Womens Health. 2023;15:1345\u201352.","journal-title":"Crossover Trial Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"1695_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turcott JG, Del Roc\u00edo Guillen N\u00fa\u00f1ez M, Flores-Estrada D, et al. The effect of nabilone on appetite, nutritional status, and quality of life in lung cancer patients: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Support Care Cancer 2018;26:3029\u201338.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4154-9"},{"key":"1695_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820815)50:4<636::AID-CNCR2820500404>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"50","author":"JT Ungerleider","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ungerleider JT, Andrysiak T, Fairbanks L, Goodnight J, Sarna G, Jamison K. Cannabis and cancer chemotherapy: a comparison of oral delta-9-THC and prochlorperazine. Cancer. 1982;50:636\u201345.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198504000-00006","volume":"8","author":"JT Ungerleider","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ungerleider JT, Sarna G, Fairbanks LA, Goodnight J, Andrysiak T, Jamison K. THC or Compazine for the cancer chemotherapy patient\u2013the UCLA study. Part II: Patient drug preference. Am J Clin Oncol. 1985;8:142\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(82)80034-0","volume":"9","author":"JK Wada","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wada JK, Bogdon DL, Gunnell JC, Hum GJ, Gota CH, Rieth TE. Double-blind, randomized, crossover trial of nabilone vs. placebo in cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 1982;9:39\u201344.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"1695_CR77","first-page":"7471","volume":"29","author":"DM Zylla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zylla DM, Eklund J, Gilmore G, et al. A randomized trial of medical cannabis in patients with stage IV cancers to assess feasibility, dose requirements, impact on pain and opioid use, safety, and overall patient satisfaction. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29:7471\u20138.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(95)00194-B","volume":"56","author":"A Abrahamov","year":"1995","unstructured":"Abrahamov A, Abrahamov A, Mechoulam R. An efficient new cannabinoid antiemetic in pediatric oncology. Life Sci. 1995;56:2097\u2013102.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1695_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0270543","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270543","volume":"17","author":"S Clarke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clarke S, Butcher BE, McLachlan AJ, et al. Pilot clinical and pharmacokinetic study of \u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)\/Cannabidiol (CBD) nanoparticle oro-buccal spray in patients with advanced cancer experiencing uncontrolled pain. PLoS ONE. 2022;17:e0270543.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1695_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-7372(82)80038-8","volume":"9","author":"LA Cone","year":"1982","unstructured":"Cone LA, Greene DS, Helm NA. Use of nabilone in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced vomiting in an outpatient settin. Cancer Treat Rev. 1982;9:63\u201370.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"1695_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02572.x","volume":"21","author":"CM Cronin","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cronin CM, Sallan SE, Gelber R, Lucas VS, Laszlo J. Antiemetic effect of intramuscular levonantradol in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21:43S-50S.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1695_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15133014","volume":"15","author":"HSH Dominiak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dominiak HSH, Hasselsteen SD, Nielsen SW, Andersen JR, Herrstedt J. Prevention of taste alterations in patients with cancer receiving paclitaxel- or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy-a pilot trial of Cannabidio. Nutrients. 2023;15(13):3014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15133014.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1695_CR83","first-page":"3517","volume":"24","author":"DA Elliott","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elliott DA, Nabavizadeh N, Romer JL, Chen Y, Holland JM. Medical marijuana use in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24:3517\u201324.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12904-019-0494-6","volume":"18","author":"P Good","year":"2019","unstructured":"Good P, Haywood A, Gogna G, et al. Oral medicinal cannabinoids to relieve symptom burden in the palliative care of patients with advanced cancer: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety of cannabidiol (CBD). BMC Palliat Care. 2019;18:110.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"key":"1695_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296765","volume":"9","author":"RA Joss","year":"1982","unstructured":"Joss RA, Galeazzi RL, Bischoff A, Do DD, Goldhirsch A, Brunner KW. Levonantradol, a new antiemetic with a high rate of side-effects for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1982;9:61\u20134.","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02573.x","volume":"21","author":"J Laszlo","year":"1981","unstructured":"Laszlo J, Lucas VS, Hanson DC, Cronin CM, Sallan SE. Levonantradol for chemotherapy-induced emesis: phase I-II oral administration. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21:51S-56S.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13710","volume":"84","author":"CJ Lucas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lucas CJ, Galettis P, Schneider J. The pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of cannabinoids. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84:2477\u201382.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1981.tb02577.x","volume":"21","author":"DL Sweet","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sweet DL, Miller NJ, Weddington W, Senay E, Sushelsky L. delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol as an antiemetic for patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. A pilot study. J Clin Pharmacol. 1981;21:70S-75S.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00257422","volume":"11","author":"J Welsh","year":"1983","unstructured":"Welsh J, Stuart F, Sangster G, et al. Oral levonantradol in the control of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1983;11:66\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00105-005-1063-x","volume":"57","author":"M Zutt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zutt M, H\u00e4nssle H, Emmert S, Neumann C. Kretschmer L [Dronabinol for supportive therapy in patients with malignant melanoma and liver metastases]. Hautarzt. 2006;57:423\u20137.","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"1695_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e338","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.18.00562","volume":"15","author":"SP Anderson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anderson SP, Zylla DM, McGriff DM, Arneson TJ. Impact of medical cannabis on patient-reported symptoms for patients with cancer enrolled in Minnesota\u2019s medical cannabis program. J Oncol Pract. 2019;15:e338\u201345.","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"1695_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1285","DOI":"10.1136\/spcare-2022-004003","volume":"13","author":"S Aprikian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aprikian S, Kasvis P, Vigano M, Hachem Y, Canac-Marquis M, Vigano A. Medical cannabis is effective for cancer-related pain: Quebec Cannabis registry results. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2024;13:e1285\u201391.","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"1695_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1675","volume":"25","author":"J Aviram","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aviram J, Pud D, Gershoni T, et al. Medical cannabis treatment for chronic pain: Outcomes and prediction of response. Eur J Pain. 2021;25:359\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"1695_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.51847\/OTYDE20itm","volume":"11","author":"SO Awofisayo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Awofisayo SO, Eyen N, Awofisayo J, Arhewoh MI. Clinical impact: Safety and Efficacy of Cannabidiol \u201cCBD\u201d predicated on users\u2019 quality-of-life assessments in Southern Nigeria. Int J Pharm Phytopharmacol Res. 2021;11:21\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Phytopharmacol Res"},{"key":"1695_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510392","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/510392","volume":"2013","author":"G Bar-Sela","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bar-Sela G, Vorobeichik M, Drawsheh S, Omer A, Goldberg V, Muller E. The medical necessity for medicinal cannabis: prospective, observational study evaluating the treatment in cancer patients on supportive or palliative care. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:510392.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"1695_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/CAD.0000000000000685","volume":"30","author":"G Bar-Sela","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bar-Sela G, Tauber D, Mitnik I, Sheinman-Yuffe H, Bishara-Frolova T, Aharon-Peretz J. Cannabis-related cognitive impairment: a prospective evaluation of possible influences on patients with cancer during chemotherapy treatment as a pilot study. Anticancer Drugs. 2019;30:91\u20137.","journal-title":"Anticancer Drugs"},{"key":"1695_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.7301","volume":"17","author":"YD Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang YD, Jung J-W, Oberoi-Jassal R, et al. Edmonton symptom assessment scale and clinical characteristics associated with cannabinoid use in oncology supportive care outpatients. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2019;17:1059\u201364.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"1695_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2018.0533","volume":"22","author":"KA Donovan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Donovan KA, Chang YD, Oberoi-Jassal R, et al. Relationship of cannabis use to patient-reported symptoms in cancer patients seeking supportive\/palliative care. J Palliat Med. 2019;22:1191\u20135.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"1695_CR99","first-page":"462","volume":"20","author":"JJ Elder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elder JJ, Knoderer HM. Characterization of dronabinol usage in a pediatric oncology population. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2015;20:462\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1695_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gulbransen G, Xu W, Arroll B. Cannabidiol prescription in clinical practice: an audit on the first 400 patients in New Zealand. Br J Gen Pract Open 2020; 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgpopen20X101010.","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgpopen20X101010"},{"key":"1695_CR101","first-page":"7863","volume":"30","author":"P Kasvis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kasvis P, Canac-Marquis M, Aprikian S, Vigano M, Vigano A. Sex differences exist in the perceived relief of cancer symptoms with medical cannabis: results from the Quebec Cannabis Registry. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30:7863\u201371.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.09.017","volume":"154","author":"MC Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee MC, Ploner M, Wiech K, et al. Amygdala activity contributes to the dissociative effect of cannabis on pain perception. Pain. 2013;154:124\u201334.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1695_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/COC.0000000000000718","volume":"43","author":"DM Macari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Macari DM, Gbadamosi B, Jaiyesimi I, Gaikazian S. Medical cannabis in cancer patients: A survey of a community hematology oncology population. Am J Clin Oncol. 2020;43:636\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR104","first-page":"119","volume":"6","author":"V Maida","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maida V, Ennis M, Irani S, Corbo M, Dolzhykov M. Adjunctive nabilone in cancer pain and symptom management: a prospective observational study using propensity scoring. J Support Oncol. 2008;6:119\u201324.","journal-title":"J Support Oncol"},{"key":"1695_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107621","volume":"140","author":"EA McClure","year":"2023","unstructured":"McClure EA, Hamilton L, Schauer GL, Matson TE, Lapham GT. Cannabis and nicotine co-use among primary care patients in a state with legal cannabis access. Addict Behav. 2023;140:107621.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"1695_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S332447","volume":"14","author":"SH Meghani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meghani SH, Quinn R, Ashare R, et al. Impact of Cannabis use on least pain scores among African American and white patients with cancer pain: A moderation analysis. J Pain Res. 2021;14:3493\u2013502.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"1695_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/10499091221110217","volume":"40","author":"R Nathan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nathan R, Mupamombe CT, Elibol J, et al. Assessing efficacy and use patterns of medical cannabis for symptom management in elderly cancer patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2023;40:368\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Palliat Care"},{"key":"1695_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2019.0374","volume":"23","author":"IM Pawasarat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pawasarat IM, Schultz EM, Frisby JC, et al. The efficacy of medical marijuana in the treatment of cancer-related pain. J Palliat Med. 2020;23:809\u201316.","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"1695_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27374","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27374","volume":"65","author":"S Polito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Polito S, MacDonald T, Romanick M, et al. Safety and efficacy of nabilone for acute chemotherapy-induced vomiting prophylaxis in pediatric patients: A multicenter, retrospective review. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018;65:e27374.","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e566","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.18.00057","volume":"14","author":"CE Saadeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saadeh CE, Rustem DR. Medical marijuana use in a community cancer center. J Oncol Pract. 2018;14:e566\u201378.","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"1695_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2014.05.018","volume":"49","author":"B Waissengrin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Waissengrin B, Urban D, Leshem Y, Garty M, Wolf I. Patterns of use of medical cannabis among Israeli cancer patients: a single institution experience. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2015;49:223\u201330.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"1695_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2022.11.022","volume":"180","author":"B Waissengrin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Waissengrin B, Leshem Y, Taya M, et al. The use of medical cannabis concomitantly with immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: A sigh of relief? Eur J Cancer. 2023;180:52\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR113","first-page":"450","volume":"295","author":"R Wongkongdech","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wongkongdech R, Pansila N, Nonetoom P, Turnbull N, Wongkongdech A. Symptom management and quality of life of palliative cancer patients after being administered with Thai medicinal cannabis. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2022;295:450\u20133.","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"1695_CR114","unstructured":"Zaki P, Blake A, Wolt A, Chan S, O\u2019Hearn S. The use of medical cannabis in cancer patients. 2017; published online Jan 1."},{"key":"1695_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2018.0486","volume":"144","author":"H Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang H, Xie M, Archibald SD, Jackson BS, Gupta MK. Association of marijuana use with psychosocial and quality of life outcomes among patients with head and neck cancer. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;144:1017\u201322.","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"1695_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2019-002032","volume":"10","author":"EG Boland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boland EG, Bennett MI, Allgar V, Boland JW. Cannabinoids for adult cancer-related pain: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2020;10:14\u201324.","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"1695_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6358","volume":"313","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2015","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for medical use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015;313:2456\u201373.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1695_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12273","volume":"9","author":"M M\u00fccke","year":"2018","unstructured":"M\u00fccke M, Weier M, Carter C, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabinoids in palliative medicine. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018;9:220\u201334.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"4","key":"1695_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040510","volume":"11","author":"A Caraceni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caraceni A, Shkodra M. Cancer pain assessment and classification. Cancers. 2019;11(4):510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers11040510.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1695_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-6181-4","volume":"19","author":"CL Niedzwiedz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niedzwiedz CL, Knifton L, Robb KA, Katikireddi SV, Smith DJ. Depression and anxiety among people living with and beyond cancer: a growing clinical and research priority. BMC Cancer. 2019;19:943.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR121","first-page":"176","volume":"31","author":"G De Feo","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Feo G, Case AA, Crawford GB, et al. Multinational Association of Supportive Care in cancer (MASCC) guidelines: Cannabis for psychological symptoms including insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Support Care Cancer. 2023;31:176.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"1695_CR122","first-page":"2864384","volume":"2019","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Wang Y, Tong M, Pan H, Li D. Medical Cannabinoids for Cancer Cachexia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:2864384.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"1695_CR123","first-page":"CD009464","volume":"2015","author":"LA Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith LA, Azariah F, Lavender VTC, Stoner NS, Bettiol S. Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherap. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015:CD009464.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1695_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsab234","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab234","volume":"45","author":"M AminiLari","year":"2022","unstructured":"AminiLari M, Wang L, Neumark S, et al. Medical cannabis and cannabinoids for impaired sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial. Sleep. 2022;45:zsab234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsab234.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"1695_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30074-2","volume":"7","author":"G Hindley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hindley G, Beck K, Borgan F, et al. Psychiatric symptoms caused by cannabis constituents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:344\u201353.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"1695_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00130","volume":"4","author":"RJM Niesink","year":"2013","unstructured":"Niesink RJM, van Laar MW. Does cannabidiol protect against adverse psychological effects of THC? Front Psychiatry. 2013;4:130.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1695_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030833","volume":"19","author":"S Zou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zou S, Kumar U. Cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoid system: signaling and function in the central nervous syste. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(3):833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19030833.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1695_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000286986.92475.b7","volume":"107","author":"M Wallace","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wallace M, Schulteis G, Atkinson JH, et al. Dose-dependent effects of smoked cannabis on capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2007;107:785\u201396.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1695_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00392-6","volume":"353","author":"S Ben-Shabat","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ben-Shabat S, Fride E, Sheskin T, et al. An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998;353:23\u201331.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1695_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.02.002","volume":"127","author":"ME Tavel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tavel ME. The placebo effect: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Am J Med. 2014;127:484\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1695_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03315-w","volume":"30","author":"P Hegyi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hegyi P, Varr\u00f3 A. Systems education can train the next generation of scientists and clinicians. Nat Med. 2024;30:3399\u2013400.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1695_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01458-8","volume":"27","author":"P Hegyi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hegyi P, Er\u0151ss B, Izb\u00e9ki F, P\u00e1rniczky A, Szentesi A. Accelerating the translational medicine cycle: the Academia Europaea pilot. Nat Med. 2021;27:1317\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Current Oncology Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11912-025-01695-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11912-025-01695-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11912-025-01695-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T17:02:47Z","timestamp":1758387767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11912-025-01695-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11912-025-01695-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1534-6269"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1534-6269","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 May 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No ethical approval was required for this systematic review with meta-analysis, as all data were already published in peer-reviewed journals. No patients were involved in the design, conduct or interpretation of our study.The datasets used in this study can be found in the full-text articles included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}