{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:54:13Z","timestamp":1780671253395,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]],"date-time":"2018-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527206400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Osteoporos Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0452-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]],"date-time":"2018-05-25T07:22:13Z","timestamp":1527232933000},"page":"458-465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modeling Rare Bone Diseases in Animals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Charles A.","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Morello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"452_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109554","volume":"72","author":"JL Guenet","year":"1981","unstructured":"Guenet JL, Stanescu R, Maroteaux P, Stanescu V. Fragilitas ossium: a new autosomal recessive mutation in the mouse. J Hered. 1981;72(6):440\u20131.","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"issue":"9","key":"452_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3507","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222878110","volume":"110","author":"J Seok","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seok J, Warren HS, Cuenca AG, Mindrinos MN, Baker HV, Xu W, et al. Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(9):3507\u201312.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"452_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401965111","volume":"112","author":"K Takao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Takao K, Miyakawa T. Genomic responses in mouse models greatly mimic human inflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015;112(4):1167\u201372.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.08.039","volume":"127","author":"R Morello","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morello R, Bertin TK, Chen Y, Hicks J, Tonachini L, Monticone M, et al. CRTAP is required for prolyl 3- hydroxylation and mutations cause recessive osteogenesis imperfecta. Cell. 2006;127(2):291\u2013304.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"452_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00790-1","volume":"31","author":"LM Ward","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ward LM, Rauch F, Travers R, Chabot G, Azouz EM, Lalic L, et al. Osteogenesis imperfecta type VII: an autosomal recessive form of brittle bone disease. Bone. 2002;31(1):12\u20138.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"452_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(02)00808-6","volume":"31","author":"M Labuda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Labuda M, Morissette J, Ward LM, Rauch F, Lalic L, Roughley PJ, et al. Osteogenesis imperfecta type VII maps to the short arm of chromosome 3. Bone. 2002;31(1):19\u201325.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"452_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1159\/000015463","volume":"87","author":"L Tonachini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tonachini L, Morello R, Monticone M, Skaug J, Scherer SW, Cancedda R, et al. cDNA cloning, characterization and chromosome mapping of the gene encoding human cartilage associated protein (CRTAP). Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1999;87(3\u20134):191\u20134.","journal-title":"Cytogenet Cell Genet"},{"issue":"10028","key":"452_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00728-X","volume":"387","author":"A Forlino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forlino A, Marini JC. Osteogenesis imperfecta. Lancet. 2016;387(10028):1657\u201371.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"452_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morello R and Esposito PW. Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Osteogenesis, Edited by Yunfeng Lin. Published by InTech. 2012;223\u201352.","DOI":"10.5772\/34775"},{"issue":"4","key":"452_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00571-2","volume":"107","author":"Y Gong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gong Y, Slee RB, Fukai N, Rawadi G, Roman-Roman S, Reginato AM, et al. LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) affects bone accrual and eye development. Cell. 2001;107(4):513\u201323.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"452_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1086\/338450","volume":"70","author":"RD Little","year":"2002","unstructured":"Little RD, Carulli JP, Del Mastro RG, Dupuis J, Osborne M, Folz C, et al. A mutation in the LDL receptor-related protein 5 gene results in the autosomal dominant high-bone-mass trait. Am J Hum Genet. 2002;70(1):11\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"20","key":"452_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013444","volume":"346","author":"LM Boyden","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boyden LM, Mao J, Belsky J, Mitzner L, Farhi A, Mitnick MA, et al. High bone density due to a mutation in LDL-receptor-related protein 5. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(20):1513\u201321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"452_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4946","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.12.4946-4955.2005","volume":"25","author":"M Ai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ai M, Holmen SL, Van HW, Williams BO, Warman ML. Reduced affinity to and inhibition by DKK1 form a common mechanism by which high bone mass-associated missense mutations in LRP5 affect canonical Wnt signaling. Mol Cell Biol. 2005;25(12):4946\u201355.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"50","key":"452_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38276","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M609509200","volume":"281","author":"MV Semenov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Semenov MV, He X. LRP5 mutations linked to high bone mass diseases cause reduced LRP5 binding and inhibition by SOST. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(50):38276\u201384.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"452_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1086\/368277","volume":"72","author":"L Wesenbeeck Van","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Wesenbeeck L, Cleiren E, Gram J, Beals RK, Benichou O, Scopelliti D, et al. Six novel missense mutations in the LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene in different conditions with an increased bone density. Am J Hum Genet. 2003;72(3):763\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"452_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1086\/425080","volume":"75","author":"X Jiao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jiao X, Ventruto V, Trese MT, Shastry BS, Hejtmancik JF. Autosomal recessive familial exudative vitreoretinopathy is associated with mutations in LRP5. Am J Hum Genet. 2004;75(5):878\u201384.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"452_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1086\/383202","volume":"74","author":"C Toomes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Toomes C, Bottomley HM, Jackson RM, Towns KV, Scott S, Mackey DA, et al. Mutations in LRP5 or FZD4 underlie the common familial exudative vitreoretinopathy locus on chromosome 11q. Am J Hum Genet. 2004;74(4):721\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2014.21.2.85","volume":"21","author":"DL Galson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galson DL, Roodman GD. Pathobiology of Paget\u2019s disease of bone. J Bone Metab. 2014;21(2):85\u201398.","journal-title":"J Bone Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"452_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.051108","volume":"21","author":"N Kurihara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kurihara N, Zhou H, Reddy SV, Garcia PV, Subler MA, Dempster DW, et al. Expression of measles virus nucleocapsid protein in osteoclasts induces Paget's disease-like bone lesions in mice. J Bone Miner Res. 2006;21(3):446\u201355.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3121\/cmr.3.2.65","volume":"3","author":"DV Patel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patel DV. Gorham\u2019s disease or massive osteolysis. Clin Med Res. 2005;3(2):65\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"452_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3077","volume":"32","author":"W Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Wang W, Wang H, Zhou X, Li X, Sun W, Dellinger M, et al. Lymphatic endothelial cells produce M-CSF, causing massive bone loss in mice. J Bone Miner Res. 2017;32(5):939\u201350. This paper reports a novel mouse model that is quite useful for the study of Ghoram-Stout disease.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"452_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7380","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7380","volume":"77","author":"JW Gordon","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gordon JW, Scangos GA, Plotkin DJ, Barbosa JA, Ruddle FH. Genetic transformation of mouse embryos by microinjection of purified DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980;77(12):7380\u20134.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"452_CR23","volume-title":"Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual","author":"A Nagy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nagy A, Gertsenstein M, Vintersten K, Behringer RR. Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual. Third ed. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 2003.","edition":"Third"},{"issue":"25","key":"452_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13689","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.25.13689","volume":"94","author":"E Schipani","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schipani E, Lanske B, Hunzelman J, Luz A, Kovacs CS, Lee K, et al. Targeted expression of constitutively active receptors for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays endochondral bone formation and rescues mice that lack parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(25):13689\u201394.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0655","volume":"145","author":"LB Sher","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sher LB, Woitge HW, Adams DJ, Gronowicz GA, Krozowski Z, Harrison JR, et al. Transgenic expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in osteoblasts reveals an anabolic role for endogenous glucocorticoids in bone. Endocrinology. 2004;145(2):922\u20139.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"452_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.7.1228","volume":"16","author":"S Dacic","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dacic S, Kalajzic I, Visnjic D, Lichtler AC, Rowe DW. Col1a1-driven transgenic markers of osteoblast lineage progression. J Bone Miner Res. 2001;16(7):1228\u201336.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"452_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5168","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.13.9.5168","volume":"13","author":"PH Krebsbach","year":"1993","unstructured":"Krebsbach PH, Harrison JR, Lichtler AC, Woody CO, Rowe DW, Kream BE. Transgenic expression of COL1A1-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion genes in bone: differential utilization of promoter elements in vivo and in cultured cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1993;13(9):5168\u201374.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650090218","volume":"9","author":"Z Bogdanovic","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bogdanovic Z, Bedalov A, Krebsbach PH, Pavlin D, Woody CO, Clark SH, et al. Upstream regulatory elements necessary for expression of the rat COL1A1 promoter in transgenic mice. J Bone Miner Res. 1994;9(2):285\u201392.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"452_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.129.5.1421","volume":"129","author":"J Rossert","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rossert J, Eberspaecher H, de Crombrugghe B. Separate cis-acting DNA elements of the mouse pro-alpha 1(I) collagen promoter direct expression of reporter genes to different type I collagen-producing cells in transgenic mice. J Cell Biol. 1995;129(5):1421\u201332.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.10100","volume":"224","author":"R Dacquin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dacquin R, Starbuck M, Schinke T, Karsenty G. Mouse alpha1(I)-collagen promoter is the best known promoter to drive efficient Cre recombinase expression in osteoblast. Dev Dyn. 2002;224(2):245\u201351.","journal-title":"Dev Dyn"},{"issue":"6","key":"452_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.6.960","volume":"18","author":"P Babij","year":"2003","unstructured":"Babij P, Zhao W, Small C, Kharode Y, Yaworsky PJ, Bouxsein ML, et al. High bone mass in mice expressing a mutant LRP5 gene. J Bone Miner Res. 2003;18(6):960\u201374.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"452_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2807","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39366","volume":"119","author":"T Yoshizawa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshizawa T, Hinoi E, Jung DY, Kajimura D, Ferron M, Seo J, et al. The transcription factor ATF4 regulates glucose metabolism in mice through its expression in osteoblasts. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(9):2807\u201317.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"16","key":"452_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.02480","volume":"133","author":"SJ Rodda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rodda SJ, McMahon AP. Distinct roles for hedgehog and canonical Wnt signaling in specification, differentiation and maintenance of osteoblast progenitors. Development. 2006;133(16):3231\u201344.","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"452_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90646-5","volume":"51","author":"KR Thomas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Thomas KR, Capecchi MR. Site-directed mutagenesis by gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells. Cell. 1987;51(3):503\u201312.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6148","key":"452_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/330576a0","volume":"330","author":"T Doetschman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Doetschman T, Gregg RG, Maeda N, Hooper ML, Melton DW, Thompson S, et al. Targetted correction of a mutant HPRT gene in mouse embryonic stem cells. Nature. 1987;330(6148):576\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"14","key":"452_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5166","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5166","volume":"85","author":"B Sauer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sauer B, Henderson N. Site-specific DNA recombination in mammalian cells by the Cre recombinase of bacteriophage P1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85(14):5166\u201370.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/75973","volume":"25","author":"CI Rodriguez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rodriguez CI, Buchholz F, Galloway J, Sequerra R, Kasper J, Ayala R, et al. High-efficiency deleter mice show that FLPe is an alternative to Cre-loxP. Nat Genet. 2000;25(2):139\u201340.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"452_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00399-X","volume":"6","author":"CS Branda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Branda CS, Dymecki SM. Talking about a revolution: The impact of site-specific recombinases on genetic analyses in mice. Dev Cell. 2004;6(1):7\u201328.","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090720","volume":"25","author":"E Daley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Daley E, Streeten EA, Sorkin JD, Kuznetsova N, Shapses SA, Carleton SM, et al. Variable bone fragility associated with an Amish COL1A2 variant and a knock-in mouse model. J Bone Miner Res. 2010;25(2):247\u201361.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"452_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E418","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1714313114","volume":"115","author":"SK Khan","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 Khan SK, Yadav PS, Elliott G, Hu DZ, Xu R, Yang Y. Induced Gnas(R201H) expression from the endogenous Gnas locus causes fibrous dysplasia by up-regulating Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(3):E418\u201327. This study demonstrates an effective approach for cell type-specific expression of a mutant allele.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"18","key":"452_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5978","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki912","volume":"33","author":"S Durai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Durai S, Mani M, Kandavelou K, Wu J, Porteus MH, Chandrasegaran S. Zinc finger nucleases: custom-designed molecular scissors for genome engineering of plant and mammalian cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005;33(18):5978\u201390.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"452_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2013.04.004","volume":"31","author":"T Gaj","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gaj T, Gersbach CA, Barbas CF III. ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR\/Cas-based methods for genome engineering. Trends Biotechnol. 2013;31(7):397\u2013405.","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"452_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.05.010","volume":"157","author":"PD Hsu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hsu PD, Lander ES, Zhang F. Development and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome engineering. Cell. 2014;157(6):1262\u201378.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"452_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.01.004","volume":"42","author":"S Pelletier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pelletier S, Gingras S, Green DR. Mouse genome engineering via CRISPR-Cas9 for study of immune function. Immunity. 2015;42(1):18\u201327.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"452_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.114.169771","volume":"199","author":"P Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh P, Schimenti JC, Bolcun-Filas E. A mouse geneticist\u2019s practical guide to CRISPR applications. Genetics. 2015;199(1):1\u201315.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3437","volume":"34","author":"JG Doench","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doench JG, Fusi N, Sullender M, Hegde M, Vaimberg EW, Donovan KF, et al. Optimized sgRNA design to maximize activity and minimize off-target effects of CRISPR-Cas9. Nat Biotechnol. 2016;34(2):184\u201391.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"9","key":"452_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2623","volume":"31","author":"Y Fu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fu Y, Foden JA, Khayter C, Maeder ML, Reyon D, Joung JK, et al. High-frequency off-target mutagenesis induced by CRISPR-Cas nucleases in human cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2013;31(9):822\u20136.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"7587","key":"452_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16526","volume":"529","author":"BP Kleinstiver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kleinstiver BP, Pattanayak V, Prew MS, Tsai SQ, Nguyen NT, Zheng Z, et al. High-fidelity CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases with no detectable genome-wide off-target effects. Nature. 2016;529(7587):490\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"452_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.07.004","volume":"63","author":"J Tycko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tycko J, Myer VE, Hsu PD. Methods for optimizing CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing specificity. Mol Cell. 2016;63(3):355\u201370.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"452_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2015.2","volume":"17","author":"AA Dominguez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dominguez AA, Lim WA, Qi LS. Beyond editing: repurposing CRISPR-Cas9 for precision genome regulation and interrogation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2016;17(1):5\u201315.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"452_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0138189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138189","volume":"10","author":"J Xiong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiong J, Piemontese M, Onal M, Campbell J, Goellner JJ, Dusevich V, et al. Osteocytes, not osteoblasts or lining cells, are the main source of the RANKL required for osteoclast formation in remodeling bone. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0138189.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2012.09.040","volume":"54","author":"I Kalajzic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalajzic I, Matthews BG, Torreggiani E, Harris MA, Divieti PP, Harris SE. In vitro and in vivo approaches to study osteocyte biology. Bone. 2013;54(2):296\u2013306.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"1","key":"452_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085161","volume":"9","author":"J Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen J, Shi Y, Regan J, Karuppaiah K, Ornitz DM, Long F. Osx-Cre targets multiple cell types besides osteoblast lineage in postnatal mice. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e85161.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"452_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.02.022","volume":"152","author":"LS Qi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Qi LS, Larson MH, Gilbert LA, Doudna JA, Weissman JS, Arkin AP, et al. Repurposing CRISPR as an RNA-guided platform for sequence-specific control of gene expression. Cell. 2013;152(5):1173\u201383.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"452_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.06.044","volume":"154","author":"LA Gilbert","year":"2013","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Gilbert LA, Larson MH, Morsut L, Liu Z, Brar GA, Torres SE, et al. CRISPR-mediated modular RNA-guided regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. Cell. 2013;154(2):442\u201351. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a modified Cas9 protein to either stimulate or suppress the expression of an endogenous gene. Importantly, the changes in expression are reversible, unlike recombinase-mediated changes.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"452_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170431","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.170431","volume":"4","author":"AA Felder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Felder AA, Phillips C, Cornish H, Cooke M, Hutchinson JR, Doube M. Secondary osteons scale allometrically in mammalian humerus and femur. R Soc Open Sci. 2017;4(11):170431.","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"key":"452_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Piemontese M, Almeida M, Robling AG, Kim HN, Xiong J, Thostenson JD et al. Old age causes de novo intracortical bone remodeling and porosity in mice. JCI Insight 2017; epub ahead of print \n                      https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.93771\n                      \n                    .","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93771"},{"issue":"13","key":"452_CR58","first-page":"2661","volume":"25","author":"T Sui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sui T, Yuan L, Liu H, Chen M, Deng J, Wang Y, et al. CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated mutation of PHEX in rabbit recapitulates human X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Hum Mol Genet. 2016;25(13):2661\u201371.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"452_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25161","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25161","volume":"6","author":"D Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang D, Song J, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhu T, Wang Z, et al. Identification and characterization of rabbit ROSA26 for gene knock-in and stable reporter gene expression. Sci Rep. 2016;6:25161.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Current Osteoporosis Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11914-018-0452-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11914-018-0452-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11914-018-0452-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T23:09:03Z","timestamp":1558739343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11914-018-0452-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11914-018-0452-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-1873","1544-2241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1544-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Charles O\u2019Brien reports grants from National Institutes of Health and the Veterans Administration during the conduct of the study. Roy Morello declares no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}