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Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(11):2195\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-019-05106-3Self-reported falls (and the number of self-reported falls) are associated with a higher risk of incident major osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures, independently of the FRAX score.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"590_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2017.03.011","volume":"85","author":"J Yan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan J, Liu HJ, Guo WC, Yang J. Low serum concentrations of Irisin are associated with increased risk of hip fracture in Chinese older women. 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Dietary inflammatory index, bone mineral density, and risk of fracture in postmenopausal women: results from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative. J Bone Miner Res. 2017;32(5):1136\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3070.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"590_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4091-3","volume":"28","author":"W. D. Leslie","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Leslie WD, Majumdar SR, Morin SN, Lix LM, Johansson H, Oden A, et al. FRAX for fracture prediction shorter and longer than 10 years: the Manitoba BMD Registry. 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Does bone mineral density improve the predictive accuracy of fracture risk assessment? A prospective cohort study in northern Denmark. BMJ Open. 2018;8(4):e018898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018898.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"590_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-05088-2","volume":"30","author":"KL Holloway-Kew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Holloway-Kew KL, Zhang Y, Betson AG, Anderson KB, Hans D, Hyde NK, et al. How well do the FRAX (Australia) and Garvan calculators predict incident fractures? Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int. 2019;30(10):2129\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-019-05088-2.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"590_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1846-0","volume":"23","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, McCloskey E. Pitfalls in the external validation of FRAX. Osteoporos Int. 2012;23(2):423\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-011-1846-0.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"590_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4696-z","volume":"34","author":"Carolyn J. Crandall","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 Crandall CJ, Larson J, LaCroix A, Cauley JA, LeBoff MS, Li W, et al. Predicting fracture risk in younger postmenopausal women: comparison of the Garvan and FRAX risk calculators in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-018-4696-zThe authors concluded that for postmenopausal women aged 50\u201364 years, neither FRAX nor the Garvan fracture risk calculator used without BMD provided good prediction of incident fractures during 10 years of follow-up, and that no useful threshold could be proposed for either tool.","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"590_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3717","volume":"34","author":"CJ Crandall","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Crandall CJ, Schousboe JT, Morin SN, Lix LM, Leslie W. Performance of FRAX and FRAX-based treatment thresholds in women aged 40 years and older: the Manitoba BMD Registry. J Bone Miner Res. 2019;34(8):1419\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3717For identifying women aged 40 who experience major osteoporotic fractures during 10 years of follow-up, femoral neck bone mineral density T-score and FRAX-predicted fracture risk used as a continuous measures each predicted fracture risk well. However, thresholds of bone density or FRAX score recommended by treatment guidelines had low sensitivity for identifying women who experienced incident major osteoporotic fractures, suggesting that threshold-based approaches should be reassessed particularly in younger postmenopausal women.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"590_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-019-01432-y","volume":"32","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Liu E, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, et al. A decade of FRAX: how has it changed the management of osteoporosis? 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J Clin Densitom. 2011;14(3):240\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocd.2011.05.015.","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"10122","key":"590_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32640-5","volume":"391","author":"Lee Shepstone","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, Cooper C, Clarke S, Fong-Soe-Khioe R, Fordham R et al. Screening in the community to reduce fractures in older women (SCOOP): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10122):741\u2013747. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32640-5. Compared with routine care, community-based osteoporosis screening in the UK using age-specific FRAX thresholds did not reduce osteoporosis-related fractures overall, but reduced the secondary endpoint of hip fractures by 28%.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"590_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3411","volume":"33","author":"Eugene McCloskey","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 McCloskey E, Johansson H, Harvey NC, Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, Fordham R, et al. Management of patients with high baseline hip fracture risk by FRAX reduces hip fractures-a post hoc analysis of the SCOOP Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3411In the SCOOP randomized trial of FRAX-based osteoporosis screening versus usual care in older women, the efficacy of the screening intervention in reducing hip fracture risk was not observed in women with the lowest baseline FRAX-predicted hip fracture risk.","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Mineral Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"590_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3381","volume":"33","author":"DA Turner","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 Turner DA, Khioe RFS, Shepstone L, Lenaghan E, Cooper C, Gittoes N, et al. The cost-effectiveness of screening in the community to reduce osteoporotic fractures in older women in the UK: economic evaluation of the SCOOP Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(5):845\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3381In the SCOOP trial of community-based osteoporosis screening versus routine care in the women aged 70\u201385 years in the UK, the FRAX-based screening strategy was highly cost-effective.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"590_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4326-3","volume":"29","author":"K. H. Rubin","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Rubin KH, Rothmann MJ, Holmberg T, Hoiberg M, Moller S, Barkmann R, et al. Effectiveness of a two-step population-based osteoporosis screening program using FRAX: the randomized Risk-stratified Osteoporosis Strategy Evaluation (ROSE) Study. Osteoporos Int. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-017-4326-3The ROSE trial tested a community-based osteoporosis screening intervention versus usual care among women aged 65\u201380 years in Denmark. Compared with usual care, the FRAX-based screening intervention did not decrease osteoporosis-related fractures, but decreased the secondary outcomes of hip fractures and major osteoporotic fractures.","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"issue":"12","key":"590_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4205-y","volume":"28","author":"M. J. Rothmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Rothmann MJ, Moller S, Holmberg T, Hojberg M, Gram J, Bech M, et al. Non-participation in systematic screening for osteoporosis-the ROSE trial. Osteoporos Int. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-017-4205-yIn the ROSE trial of FRAX-based screening vs. usual care in older women, certain factors were associated with lower likelihood of accepting DXA screening, including higher alcohol consumption, older age, current smoking, and physical impairment.","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"issue":"11","key":"590_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3815","volume":"34","author":"T Merlijn","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Merlijn T, Swart KM, van Schoor NM, Heymans MW, van der Zwaard BC, van der Heijden AA, et al. The effect of a screening and treatment program for the prevention of fractures in older women: a randomized pragmatic trial. J Bone Miner Res. 2019;34(11):1993\u20132000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3815The SALT osteoporosis study (SOS) randomized pragmatic trial studied whether screening for fracture risk and subsequent treatment in primary care reduces fractures, compared with usual care. 11,032 women aged 65\u201390 years with \u2265\u20091 clinical risk factor for fractures were individually randomized to screening (n=\u20095,575) or usual care (n=\u20095,457). The primary outcome was negative but may have been compromised by non-participation and medication non-adherence in the screening group.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"590_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-05226-w","volume":"31","author":"T. Merlijn","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Merlijn T, KMA S, van der Horst HE, Netelenbos JC, Elders PJM. Fracture prevention by screening for high fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-019-05226-wPooling data most comparable to intention to treat from SCOOP, ROSE, and SOS showed small but significant befnefits from screening: observed relative risk reductions 5% for osteoporotic fractures, 9% for major osteoporotic fractures, and 20% for hip fractures, with a larger reduction for fractures more related to osteoporosis.","journal-title":"Osteoporosis International"},{"key":"590_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4172-3","volume":"28","author":"ST Williams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williams ST, Lawrence PT, Miller KL, Crook JL, LaFleur J, Cannon GW, et al. A comparison of electronic and manual fracture risk assessment tools in screening elderly male US veterans at risk for osteoporosis. 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