{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:32:37Z","timestamp":1790253157378,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIA-R56AG076730"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIA-R56AG076730"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Osteoporos Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this review, we describe the interaction between B cells and bone during development, aging, and disease.\u00a0<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is an increased interest in identifying the mechanisms of interaction between immune cells and the skeletal system. This knowledge is critical for understanding the pathology of autoimmune diseases and developing therapeutic interventions. Humoral immunity depends on B cells and their secreted immunoglobulin (antibodies). Earlier studies described B cell influence on the skeletal system, with a major focus on the role of plasma cells and secreted antibodies. The contribution of bone marrow developing B cells to the skeletal system was still poorly studied and represents a gap in our knowledge. This is an active area of investigation in our research group. The crosstalk between B cells and bone starts as early as the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells to the B cell lineage and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast progenitors. This crosstalk is active during different developmental stages and continues throughout the life of the individual, especially since both B cells and bone cells share the same developmental niche.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bi-directional interaction of developing B cells and osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondroblasts ensures their normal development and functional activity. During aging, this interaction is disrupted, leading to disease progression, decreased bone mass, and osteoporosis. A better understanding of B cell-bone interactions will help identify novel immune targets that might provide therapeutic benefit for the elderly and patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-025-00947-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T02:19:27Z","timestamp":1764987567000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Crosstalk Between B Cells and the Skeletal System During Development, Aging, and in Pathological Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Terhaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Duck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camden","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Sims","family":"Pride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Zineldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Khass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"947_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.037","volume":"187","author":"H Chi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chi H, Pepper M, Thomas PG. Principles and therapeutic applications of adaptive immunity. Cell. 2024;187(9):2052\u201378.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7778","key":"947_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1652-y","volume":"574","author":"DM Popescu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Popescu DM, Botting RA, Stephenson E, Green K, Webb S, Jardine L, et al. Decoding human fetal liver haematopoiesis. Nature. 2019;574(7778):365\u201371.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"947_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.2.866","volume":"156","author":"C Nunez","year":"1996","unstructured":"Nunez C, Nishimoto N, Gartland GL, Billips LG, Burrows PD, Kubagawa H, et al. B cells are generated throughout life in humans. J Immunol. 1996;156(2):866\u201372.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"43","key":"947_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17579","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1211405109","volume":"109","author":"A Roy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy A, Cowan G, Mead AJ, Filippi S, Bohn G, Chaidos A, et al. Perturbation of fetal liver hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell development by trisomy 21. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109(43):17579\u201384.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"13","key":"947_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019001289","volume":"134","author":"S O\u2019Byrne","year":"2019","unstructured":"O\u2019Byrne S, Elliott N, Rice S, Buck G, Fordham N, Garnett C, et al. Discovery of a CD10-negative B-progenitor in human fetal life identifies unique ontogeny-related developmental programs. Blood. 2019;134(13):1059\u201371.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"947_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.10.4109.bloodjournal87104109","volume":"87","author":"P Charbord","year":"1996","unstructured":"Charbord P, Tavian M, Humeau L, Peault B. Early ontogeny of the human marrow from long bones: an immunohistochemical study of hematopoiesis and its microenvironment. Blood. 1996;87(10):4109\u201319.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"947_CR7","unstructured":"Breeland G, Sinkler MA, Menezes RG, Embryology. Bone Ossification. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL)2025."},{"issue":"10","key":"947_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0178-8","volume":"19","author":"M Tsukasaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsukasaki M, Takayanagi H. Osteoimmunology: evolving concepts in bone\u2013immune interactions in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2019;19(10):626\u201342.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"947_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.05.014","volume":"123","author":"V Fischer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fischer V, Haffner-Luntzer M. Interaction between bone and immune cells: implications for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2022;123:14\u201321.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"947_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00320","volume":"9","author":"EA Fitzpatrick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick EA, Han X, Xiao Z, Quarles LD. Role of fibroblast growth factor-23 in innate immune responses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:320.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"947_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030502","author":"BT Martin-Marquez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin-Marquez BT, Sandoval-Garcia F, Corona-Meraz FI, Martinez-Garcia EA, Sanchez-Hernandez PE, Salazar-Paramo M, et al. Osteopontin: a bone-derived protein involved in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis immunopathology. Biomolecules. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom13030502.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"947_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1891","volume":"11","author":"YC Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin YC, Jhunjhunwala S, Benner C, Heinz S, Welinder E, Mansson R, et al. A global network of transcription factors, involving E2A, EBF1 and Foxo1, that orchestrates B cell fate. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(7):635\u201343.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"947_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weaver DT. V(D)J recombination and Double-Strand break repair. In: Dixon FJ, editor. Advances in immunology. Academic. 1995; 18:29\u201385.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60619-7"},{"key":"947_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1214095","author":"C Guldenpfennig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guldenpfennig C, Teixeiro E, Daniels M. NF-kB\u2019s contribution to B cell fate decisions. Front Immunol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1214095.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"947_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.185603","volume":"103","author":"M Ren\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ren\u00e9 M, Frank NL, Blanca S. The many faces of IKZF1 in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2018;103(4):565\u201374.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"947_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3716","volume":"18","author":"CDS Katerndahl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katerndahl CDS, Heltemes-Harris LM, Willette MJL, Henzler CM, Frietze S, Yang R, et al. Antagonism of B cell enhancer networks by STAT5 drives leukemia and poor patient survival. Nat Immunol. 2017;18(6):694\u2013704.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00932-0","volume":"7","author":"Y Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han Y, Yang J, Fang J, Zhou Y, Candi E, Wang J, et al. The secretion profile of mesenchymal stem cells and potential applications in treating human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):92.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"947_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/421746","volume":"2015","author":"R Florencio-Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Florencio-Silva R, Sasso GR, Sasso-Cerri E, Simoes MJ, Cerri PS. Biology of bone tissue: structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells. BioMed Res Int. 2015;2015:421746.","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"947_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062851","volume":"22","author":"DS Amarasekara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amarasekara DS, Kim S, Rho J. Regulation of osteoblast differentiation by cytokine networks. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(6):2851.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-024-00689-6","volume":"10","author":"S Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu S, Chen W, Masson A, Li Y-P. Cell signaling and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis. Cell Discov. 2024;10(1):71.","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00342-8","volume":"12","author":"L Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu L, Chen W, Qian A, Li Y-P. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and disease. Bone Res. 2024;12(1):39.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63560-2","volume":"163","author":"E Grimaud","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grimaud E, Soubigou L, Couillaud S, Coipeau P, Moreau A, Passuti N, et al. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappab ligand (RANKL)\/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio is increased in severe osteolysis. Am J Pathol. 2003;163(5):2021\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukarGeneExpr.v19.i1.10","volume":"19","author":"CS Soltanoff","year":"2009","unstructured":"Soltanoff CS, Yang S, Chen W, Li YP. Signaling networks that control the lineage commitment and differentiation of bone cells. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2009;19(1):1\u201346.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr"},{"key":"947_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14092089","author":"AM Hughes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hughes AM, Kuek V, Kotecha RS, Cheung LC. The bone marrow microenvironment in B-cell development and malignancy. Cancers (Basel). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14092089.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1553","volume":"27","author":"HL Aguila","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aguila HL, Mun SH, Kalinowski J, Adams DJ, Lorenzo JA, Lee SK. Osteoblast-specific overexpression of human interleukin-7 rescues the bone mass phenotype of interleukin-7-deficient female mice. J Bone Miner Res. 2012;27(5):1030\u201342.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"947_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00788","volume":"9","author":"D Harmer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harmer D, Falank C, Reagan MR. Interleukin-6 interweaves the bone marrow microenvironment, bone loss, and multiple myeloma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:788.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"947_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.06.011","volume":"47","author":"MC Horowitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Horowitz MC, Fretz JA, Lorenzo JA. How B cells influence bone biology in health and disease. Bone. 2010;47(3):472\u20139.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"947_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00328.x","volume":"208","author":"MC Horowitz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Horowitz MC, Bothwell AL, Hesslein DG, Pflugh DL, Schatz DG. B cells and osteoblast and osteoclast development. Immunol Rev. 2005;208:141\u201353.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reuma.2013.02.008","volume":"9","author":"L Arboleya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Arboleya L, Castaneda S. Osteoimmunology: the study of the relationship between the immune system and bone tissue. Reumatol Clin. 2013;9(5):303\u201315.","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin"},{"issue":"8041","key":"947_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08163-9","volume":"636","author":"BI Koh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koh BI, Mohanakrishnan V, Jeong H-W, Park H, Kruse K, Choi YJ, et al. Adult skull bone marrow is an expanding and resilient haematopoietic reservoir. Nature. 2024;636(8041):172\u201381.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6553","key":"947_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf9277","volume":"373","author":"S Brioschi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brioschi S, Wang W-L, Peng V, Wang M, Shchukina I, Greenberg ZJ, et al. Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders. Science. 2021;373(6553):eabf9277.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00806-z","volume":"42","author":"F Barb\u00e9-Tuana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barb\u00e9-Tuana F, Funchal G, Schmitz CRR, Maurmann RM, Bauer ME. The interplay between immunosenescence and age-related diseases. Semin Immunopathol. 2020;42(5):545\u201357.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"947_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.115176","volume":"131","author":"P Zioupos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zioupos P, Kirchner HOK, Peterlik H. Ageing bone fractures: the case of a ductile to brittle transition that shifts with age. Bone. 2020;131:115176.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"947_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.10.010","volume":"120","author":"DB Burr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Burr DB. Changes in bone matrix properties with aging. Bone. 2019;120:85\u201393.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"38, 2020","key":"947_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-092419-031130","volume":"38","author":"MP Cancro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cancro MP. Age-Associated B, cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2020;38(38, 2020):315\u201340.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2005.05.011","volume":"17","author":"RL Riley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Riley RL, Van der Put E, King AM, Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Deficient B lymphopoiesis in murine senescence: potential roles for dysregulation of E2A, Pax-5, and STAT5. Semin Immunol. 2005;17(5):330\u20136.","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12821","volume":"292","author":"E Meffre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meffre E, O\u2019Connor KC. Impaired B-cell tolerance checkpoints promote the development of autoimmune diseases and pathogenic autoantibodies. Immunol Rev. 2019;292(1):90\u2013101.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"947_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02063","volume":"10","author":"M Khass","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khass M, Rashid H, Burrows PD, Bridges SL Jr., Javed A, Schroeder HW. Jr. Disruption of the preb cell receptor complex leads to decreased bone mass. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2063.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"947_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.906649","volume":"13","author":"M Khass","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khass M, Rashid H, Burrows PD, Javed A, Schroeder HW. Loss of early B cell protein \u03bb5 decreases bone mass and accelerates skeletal aging. Front Immunol. 2022;13:906649.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90293-L","volume":"69","author":"D Kitamura","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kitamura D, Kudo A, Schaal S, Muller W, Melchers F, Rajewsky K. A critical role of lambda 5 protein in B cell development. Cell. 1992;69(5):823\u201331.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.1.71","volume":"187","author":"Y Minegishi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Minegishi Y, Coustan-Smith E, Wang Y-H, Cooper MD, Campana D, Conley ME. Mutations in the human \u03bb5\/14.1 gene result in B cell deficiency and agammaglobulinemia. J Exp Med. 1998;187(1):71\u20137.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"947_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2017.2912","volume":"39","author":"Y Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Y, Wu Q, Wang Y, Li L, Bu H, Bao J. Senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2017;39(4):775\u201382.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"947_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717721201","volume":"26","author":"P Ganguly","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ganguly P, El-Jawhari JJ, Giannoudis PV, Burska AN, Ponchel F, Jones EA. Age-related changes in bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: a potential impact on osteoporosis and osteoarthritis development. Cell Transplant. 2017;26(9):1520\u20139.","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"947_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9753-3","volume":"93","author":"C Panaroni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Panaroni C, Wu JY. Interactions between B lymphocytes and the osteoblast lineage in bone marrow. Calcif Tissue Int. 2013;93(3):261\u20138.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"6960","key":"947_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02040","volume":"425","author":"LM Calvi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Calvi LM, Adams GB, Weibrecht KW, Weber JM, Olson DP, Knight MC, et al. Osteoblastic cells regulate the haematopoietic stem cell niche. Nature. 2003;425(6960):841\u20136.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"947_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.10.003","volume":"38","author":"Y Jung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jung Y, Wang J, Schneider A, Sun YX, Koh-Paige AJ, Osman NI, et al. Regulation of SDF-1 (CXCL12) production by osteoblasts; a possible mechanism for stem cell homing. Bone. 2006;38(4):497\u2013508.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"11","key":"947_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780186","volume":"80","author":"A Marusic","year":"2000","unstructured":"Marusic A, Grcevic D, Katavic V, Kovacic N, Lukic IK, Kalajzic I, et al. Role of B lymphocytes in new bone formation. Lab Invest. 2000;80(11):1761\u201374.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2015.3","volume":"3","author":"J Tan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tan J, Xu X, Tong Z, lin J, Yu Q, Lin Y, et al. Decreased osteogenesis of adult mesenchymal stem cells by reactive oxygen species under cyclic stretch: a possible mechanism of age related osteoporosis. Bone Res. 2015;3(1):15003.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"947_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.480","volume":"26","author":"Y Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li Y, He X, Li Y, He J, Anderstam B, Andersson G, et al. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) affects the lineage fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells: a possible cause for reduced osteogenesis and increased adipogenesis in older individuals. J Bone Miner Res. 2011;26(11):2656\u201364.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2337\/dbi21-0013","volume":"71","author":"KJV Dahlquist","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dahlquist KJV, Camell CD. Aging leukocytes and the inflammatory microenvironment of the adipose tissue. Diabetes. 2022;71(1):23\u201330.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"947_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szac004","volume":"11","author":"Z Weng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weng Z, Wang Y, Ouchi T, Liu H, Qiao X, Wu C, et al. Mesenchymal stem\/stromal cell senescence: hallmarks, mechanisms, and combating strategies. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2022;11(4):356\u201371.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"947_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0038","volume":"29","author":"J Lorenzo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lorenzo J, Horowitz M, Choi Y, Osteoimmunology. Interactions of the bone and immune system. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(4):403\u201340.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"947_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.81480","author":"P Ding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding P, Gao C, Gao Y, Liu D, Li H, Xu J, et al. Osteocytes regulate senescence of bone and bone marrow. Elife. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.81480.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"7252","key":"947_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08099","volume":"460","author":"O Naveiras","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naveiras O, Nardi V, Wenzel PL, Hauschka PV, Fahey F, Daley GQ. Bone-marrow adipocytes as negative regulators of the haematopoietic microenvironment. Nature. 2009;460(7252):259\u201363.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"31","key":"947_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13812","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004185107","volume":"107","author":"QLK Lam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lam QLK, Wang S, Ko OKH, Kincade PW, Lu L. Leptin signaling maintains B-cell homeostasis via induction of Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107(31):13812\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"947_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02060","volume":"11","author":"D Frasca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Obesity accelerates age defects in mouse and human B cells. Front Immunol. 2020;11:2060.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"947_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25538","volume":"10","author":"H Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan H, Qiao Z, Li J, Shang G, Shang C, Chen S, et al. Recent advances in senescence-associated secretory phenotype and osteoporosis. Heliyon. 2024;10(4):e25538.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"947_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25052688","author":"M Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang M, Zhu L. Osteoimmunology. The crosstalk between T cells, B cells, and osteoclasts in rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25052688.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"947_CR59","first-page":"2417","volume":"15","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang L, Guan Q, Wang Z, Feng J, Zou J, Gao B. Consequences of aging on bone. Aging Dis. 2023;15(6):2417\u201352.","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"947_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2019.02.006","volume":"121","author":"VD Sherk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sherk VD, Rosen CJ. Senescent and apoptotic osteocytes and aging: exercise to the rescue? Bone. 2019;121:255\u20138.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"947_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138815","author":"H-N Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim H-N, Xiong J, MacLeod RS, Iyer S, Fujiwara Y, Cawley KM, et al. Osteocyte RANKL is required for cortical bone loss with age and is induced by senescence. JCI Insight. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.138815.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"3","key":"947_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.jmh_114_22","volume":"13","author":"M Imran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Imran M, Singh A, Bhardwaj A, Agrawal D. Prevalence of osteoporosis and associated risk factors among postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study from Northern India. J Mid-life Health. 2022;13(3):206\u201312.","journal-title":"J Mid-life Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"947_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.26571","volume":"15","author":"K-Y Chin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chin K-Y. The relationship between follicle-stimulating hormone and bone health: alternative explanation for bone loss beyond oestrogen? Int J Med Sci. 2018;15(12):1373\u201383.","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"947_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2012.03.008","volume":"23","author":"S Khosla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khosla S, Oursler MJ, Monroe DG. Estrogen and the skeleton. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2012;23(11):576\u201381.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"947_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081830","volume":"12","author":"E Umur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Umur E, Bulut SB, Yi\u011fit P, Bayrak E, Arkan Y, Arslan F, et al. Exploring the role of hormones and cytokines in osteoporosis development. Biomedicines. 2024;12(8):1830.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"8","key":"947_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200317215","volume":"111","author":"G Eghbali-Fatourechi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eghbali-Fatourechi G, Khosla S, Sanyal A, Boyle WJ, Lacey DL, Riggs BL. Role of RANK ligand in mediating increased bone resorption in early postmenopausal women. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(8):1221\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"947_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4367","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.140.9.7131","volume":"140","author":"LC Hofbauer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hofbauer LC, Khosla S, Dunstan CR, Lacey DL, Spelsberg TC, Riggs BL. Estrogen stimulates gene expression and protein production of osteoprotegerin in human osteoblastic cells*. Endocrinology. 1999;140(9):4367\u201370.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28550","volume":"116","author":"MN Weitzmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R. Estrogen deficiency and bone loss: an inflammatory tale. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(5):1186\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"24","key":"947_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13960","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251534698","volume":"98","author":"C Roggia","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roggia C, Gao Y, Cenci S, Weitzmann MN, Toraldo G, Isaia G, et al. Up-regulation of TNF-producing T cells in the bone marrow: A key mechanism by which Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss\u2009<\u2009i\u2009>\u2009in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2001;98(24):13960\u20135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"947_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2014.03.052","volume":"64","author":"I K\u00f6nnecke","year":"2014","unstructured":"K\u00f6nnecke I, Serra A, El Khassawna T, Schlundt C, Schell H, Hauser A, et al. T and B cells participate in bone repair by infiltrating the fracture callus in a two-wave fashion. Bone. 2014;64:155\u201365.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"947_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.666140","volume":"12","author":"H Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang H, Wang R, Wang G, Zhang B, Wang C, Li D, et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals B cells are important regulators in fracture healing. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:666140.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"947_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-018-0423-2","volume":"16","author":"GS Baht","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baht GS, Vi L, Alman BA. The role of the immune cells in fracture healing. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2018;16(2):138\u201345.","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"947_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22019","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101095RR","volume":"35","author":"RF S\u00eerbulescu","year":"2021","unstructured":"S\u00eerbulescu RF, Mamidi A, Chan S-YC, Jin G, Boukhali M, Sobell D, et al. B cells support the repair of injured tissues by adopting MyD88-dependent regulatory functions and phenotype. FASEB J. 2021;35(12):e22019.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24170","volume":"37","author":"CS Bahney","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bahney CS, Zondervan RL, Allison P, Theologis A, Ashley JW, Ahn J, et al. Cellular biology of fracture healing. J Orthop Res. 2019;37(1):35\u201350.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"947_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziae023","author":"KH Molitoris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Molitoris KH, Balu AR, Huang M, Baht GS. The impact of age and sex on the inflammatory response during bone fracture healing. JBMR Plus. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziae023.","journal-title":"JBMR Plus"},{"key":"947_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12131744","author":"D Frase","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frase D, Lee C, Nachiappan C, Gupta R, Akkouch A. The inflammatory contribution of B-lymphocytes and neutrophils in progression to osteoporosis. Cells. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12131744.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"11","key":"947_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12439","volume":"123","author":"S Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang S, Ding W, Feng D, Gong H, Zhu D, Chen B, et al. Loss of B cell regulatory function is associated with delayed healing in patients with tibia fracture. APMIS. 2015;123(11):975\u201385.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"4","key":"947_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12719","volume":"44","author":"G Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun G, Wang Y, Ti Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Qian H. Regulatory B cell is critical in bone union process through suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and stimulating Foxp3 in Treg cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2017;44(4):455\u201362.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"947_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3839","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-037994","volume":"109","author":"Y Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li Y, Toraldo G, Li A, Yang X, Zhang H, Qian WP, et al. B cells and T cells are critical for the preservation of bone homeostasis and attainment of peak bone mass in vivo. Blood. 2007;109(9):3839\u201348.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"947_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0144-7","volume":"32","author":"LC Cheung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheung LC, Tickner J, Hughes AM, Skut P, Howlett M, Foley B, et al. New therapeutic opportunities from dissecting the pre-B leukemia bone marrow microenvironment. Leukemia. 2018;32(11):2326\u201338.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"561","key":"947_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aba5942","volume":"12","author":"SA Rajakumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajakumar SA, Papp E, Lee KK, Grandal I, Merico D, Liu CC, et al. B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells mediate RANK-RANKL\u2013dependent bone destruction. Sci Transl Med. 2020;12(561):eaba5942.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"947_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2258","volume":"13","author":"Y Tanaka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tanaka Y, Abe M, Hiasa M, Oda A, Amou H, Nakano A, et al. Myeloma cell-osteoclast interaction enhances angiogenesis together with bone resorption: a role for vascular endothelial cell growth factor and osteopontin. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13(3):816\u201323.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"947_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-12-475483","volume":"121","author":"B Boyerinas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boyerinas B, Zafrir M, Yesilkanal AE, Price TT, Hyjek EM, Sipkins DA. Adhesion to osteopontin in the bone marrow niche regulates lymphoblastic leukemia cell dormancy. Blood. 2013;121(24):4821\u201331.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"947_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbo.2024.100597","volume":"45","author":"J Zarrer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zarrer J, Taipaleenm\u00e4ki H. The osteoblast in regulation of tumor cell dormancy and bone metastasis. J Bone Oncol. 2024;45:100597.","journal-title":"J Bone Oncol"},{"issue":"15","key":"947_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11152308","volume":"11","author":"ZS Bernstein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bernstein ZS, Kim EB, Raje N. Bone disease in multiple myeloma: biologic and clinical implications. Cells. 2022;11(15):2308.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-017-0037-4","volume":"8","author":"E Terpos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Terpos E, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Gavriatopoulou M, Dimopoulos MA. Pathogenesis of bone disease in multiple myeloma: from bench to bedside. Blood Cancer J. 2018;8(1):7.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-1703","volume":"76","author":"J Delgado-Calle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Delgado-Calle J, Anderson J, Cregor MD, Hiasa M, Chirgwin JM, Carlesso N, et al. Bidirectional Notch signaling and osteocyte-derived factors in the bone marrow microenvironment promote tumor cell proliferation and bone destruction in multiple myeloma. Cancer Res. 2016;76(5):1089\u2013100.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"947_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2741","volume":"31","author":"D Toscani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toscani D, Palumbo C, Dalla Palma B, Ferretti M, Bolzoni M, Marchica V, et al. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib maintains osteocyte viability in multiple myeloma patients by reducing both apoptosis and autophagy: a new function for proteasome inhibitors. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;31(4):815\u201327.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"947_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2003.04589.x","volume":"123","author":"Y Saeki Mima","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saeki Mima Y, Toru, Ishii T, Ogata A, Kobayashi H, Ohshima S, Ishida T, et al. Enhanced production of osteopontin in multiple myeloma: clinical and pathogenic implications. Br J Haematol. 2003;123(2):263\u201370.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12829","volume":"294","author":"M Volkov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Volkov M, van Schie KA, van der Woude D, Autoantibodies, Cells B. The ABC of rheumatoid arthritis pathophysiology. Immunol Rev. 2020;294(1):148\u201363.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"947_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01483","volume":"10","author":"U Steffen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steffen U, Schett G, Bozec A. How autoantibodies regulate osteoclast induced bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1483.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07626-8","volume":"9","author":"W Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun W, Meednu N, Rosenberg A, Rangel-Moreno J, Wang V, Glanzman J, et al. B cells inhibit bone formation in rheumatoid arthritis by suppressing osteoblast differentiation. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):5127.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"22","key":"947_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225552","volume":"20","author":"D Cici","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cici D, Corrado A, Rotondo C, Cantatore FP. Wnt signaling and biological therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(22):5552.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"947_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.09.013","volume":"24","author":"DT Felson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Felson DT, Niu J, Neogi T, Goggins J, Nevitt MC, Roemer F, et al. Synovitis and the risk of knee osteoarthritis: the MOST study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2016;24(3):458\u201364.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1078\/0344-0338-5710261","volume":"198","author":"V Krenn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Krenn V, Morawietz L, H\u00e4upl T, Neidel J, Petersen I, K\u00f6nig A. Grading of chronic Synovitis \u2014 A histopathological grading system for molecular and diagnostic Pathology1 1The present work was supported by the SFB 421 (Project Z3: protektive und pathologische folgen der Antigenverarbeitung) and by Berlinflame (Project B2), BMBF. Pathol - Res Pract. 2002;198(5):317\u201325.","journal-title":"Pathol - Res Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00749-9","volume":"18","author":"E Sanchez-Lopez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sanchez-Lopez E, Coras R, Torres A, Lane NE, Guma M. Synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis progression. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022;18(5):258\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.1.557","volume":"178","author":"R-R Da","year":"2007","unstructured":"Da R-R, Qin Y, Baeten D, Zhang Y. B cell clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation of Ig variable heavy chain genes in the synovial membrane of patients with Osteoarthritis1. J Immunol. 2007;178(1):557\u201365.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"947_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S503597","volume":"18","author":"P Lu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lu P, Li Y, Yang S, Yao H, Tu B, Ning R. B cell activation, differentiation, and their potential molecular mechanisms in osteoarthritic synovial tissue. J Inflamm Res. 2025;18:2137\u201351.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"947_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.60.8.802","volume":"60","author":"S Shiokawa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shiokawa S, Matsumoto N, Nishimura J. Clonal analysis of B cells in the osteoarthritis synovium. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(8):802\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"947_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02947-3","volume":"11","author":"S Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li S, Liu Q, Wu D, He T, Yuan J, Qiu H, et al. PKC-delta deficiency in B cells displays osteopenia accompanied with upregulation of RANKL expression and osteoclast-osteoblast uncoupling. Cell Death Dis. 2020;11(9):762.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"947_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.691081","volume":"12","author":"L Sapra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sapra L, Bhardwaj A, Mishra PK, Garg B, Verma B, Mishra GC, et al. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) inhibit osteoclastogenesis and play a potential role in ameliorating ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Front Immunol. 2021;12:691081.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"947_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00318","volume":"10","author":"S Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma S, Wang C, Mao X, Hao Y. B cell dysfunction associated with aging and autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 2019;10:318.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"947_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5367","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S330875","volume":"14","author":"W Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng W, Liu G, Luan Q, Yang C, Li S, Yu X, et al. B-Cell deficiency exacerbates inflammation and bone loss in Ligature-Induced experimental periodontitis in mice. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:5367\u201380.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"947_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8744","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45845","volume":"10","author":"N Deshet-Unger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deshet-Unger N, Kolomansky A, Ben-Califa N, Hiram-Bab S, Gilboa D, Liron T, et al. Erythropoietin receptor in B cells plays a role in bone remodeling in mice. Theranostics. 2020;10(19):8744\u201356.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"7","key":"947_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2011.01187.x","volume":"22","author":"S Baris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baris S, Ozen A, Ercan H, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Cagan H, Ozdemir C, et al. Osteoporosis: an ignored complication of CVID. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011;22(7):676\u201383.","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206965","volume":"75","author":"H Storch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Storch H, Zimmermann B, Resch B, Tykocinski LO, Moradi B, Horn P, et al. Activated human B cells induce inflammatory fibroblasts with cartilage-destructive properties and become functionally suppressed in return. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(5):924\u201332.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"947_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.19132","volume":"4","author":"W Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu W, Xie X, Qi Y, Wu J. Exploration of immune-related gene expression in osteosarcoma and association with outcomes. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(8):e2119132.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"947_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1026701","volume":"13","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zhang J, Duan Y, Li X, Pan J, Wang G, et al. Identification of B cell marker genes based on single-cell sequencing to establish a prognostic model and identify immune infiltration in osteosarcoma. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1026701.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"947_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.733566","volume":"12","author":"J de Mol","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Mol J, Kuiper J, Tsiantoulas D, Foks AC. The dynamics of B cell aging in health and disease. Front Immunol. 2021;12:733566.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00346-4","volume":"12","author":"B Mi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mi B, Xiong Y, Knoedler S, Alfertshofer M, Panayi AC, Wang H, et al. Ageing-related bone and immunity changes: insights into the complex interplay between the skeleton and the immune system. Bone Res. 2024;12(1):42.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"key":"947_CR111","first-page":"8","volume":"6","author":"Y Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li Y, Terauchi M, Vikulina T, Roser-Page S, Weitzmann MN. B cell production of both OPG and RANKL is significantly increased in aged mice. Open Bone J. 2014;6:8\u201317.","journal-title":"Open Bone J"},{"issue":"35","key":"947_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29851","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.377945","volume":"287","author":"M Onal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Onal M, Xiong J, Chen X, Thostenson JD, Almeida M, Manolagas SC, et al. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappab ligand (RANKL) protein expression by B lymphocytes contributes to ovariectomy-induced bone loss. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(35):29851\u201360.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"947_CR113","first-page":"125705","volume":"2013","author":"MN Weitzmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weitzmann MN. The role of inflammatory Cytokines, the RANKL\/OPG Axis, and the immunoskeletal interface in physiological bone turnover and osteoporosis. Scientifica (Cairo). 2013;2013:125705.","journal-title":"Scientifica (Cairo)"},{"key":"947_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.11.003","volume":"117","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Yuan W, Deng J, Wang D, Zhang T, Peng L, et al. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) regulates neutrophils infiltration and periodontal tissue destruction in an experimental periodontitis. Mol Immunol. 2020;117:110\u201321.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"947_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/39654","volume":"2007","author":"A Erol","year":"2007","unstructured":"Erol A. The functions of PPARs in aging and longevity. PPAR Res. 2007;2007:39654.","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"947_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1455","volume":"31","author":"H Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun H, Kim JK, Mortensen R, Mutyaba LP, Hankenson KD, Krebsbach PH. Osteoblast-targeted suppression of PPARgamma increases osteogenesis through activation of mTOR signaling. Stem Cells. 2013;31(10):2183\u201392.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"Pt 13","key":"947_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.026633","volume":"121","author":"Q Gan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gan Q, Huang J, Zhou R, Niu J, Zhu X, Wang J, et al. PPARgamma accelerates cellular senescence by inducing p16INK4alpha expression in human diploid fibroblasts. J Cell Sci. 2008;121(Pt 13):2235\u201345.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"947_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4740","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200956","volume":"189","author":"S Ramon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramon S, Bancos S, Thatcher TH, Murant TI, Moshkani S, Sahler JM, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma B cell-specific-deficient mice have an impaired antibody response. J Immunol. 2012;189(10):4740\u20137.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"947_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6831","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.12.6831","volume":"169","author":"JJ Schlezinger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schlezinger JJ, Jensen BA, Mann KK, Ryu HY, Sherr DH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-mediated NF-kappa B activation and apoptosis in pre-B cells. J Immunol. 2002;169(12):6831\u201341.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2009.01.005","volume":"37","author":"S Asari","year":"2009","unstructured":"Asari S, Itakura S, Ferreri K, Liu CP, Kuroda Y, Kandeel F, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells suppress B-cell terminal differentiation. Exp Hematol. 2009;37(5):604\u201315.","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"947_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900803","volume":"183","author":"P Fiorina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fiorina P, Jurewicz M, Augello A, Vergani A, Dada S, La Rosa S, et al. Immunomodulatory function of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune type 1 diabetes. J Immunol. 2009;183(2):993\u20131004.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"947_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1179\/102453311X13085644679944","volume":"16","author":"H Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang H, Chen T, Ding T, Zhu P, Xu X, Yu L, et al. Adipogenic differentiation alters the immunoregulatory property of mesenchymal stem cells through BAFF secretion. Hematology. 2011;16(5):313\u201323.","journal-title":"Hematology"},{"issue":"12","key":"947_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0214873","volume":"109","author":"CM Grimaldi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grimaldi CM, Cleary J, Dagtas AS, Moussai D, Diamond B. Estrogen alters thresholds for B cell apoptosis and activation. J Clin Invest. 2002;109(12):1625\u201333.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"947_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-022-00189-x","volume":"10","author":"X Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng X, Lin Z, Cao S, Janowska I, Sonomoto K, Andreev D, et al. Estrogen-mediated downregulation of HIF-1alpha signaling in B lymphocytes influences postmenopausal bone loss. Bone Res. 2022;10(1):15.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"947_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2017.05.013","volume":"222","author":"J Nordqvist","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nordqvist J, Bernardi A, Islander U, Carlsten H. Effects of a tissue-selective estrogen complex on B lymphopoiesis and B cell function. Immunobiology. 2017;222(8\u20139):918\u201323.","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"947_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10060879","author":"SL Gupta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gupta SL, Khan N, Basu S, Soni V. B-cell-based immunotherapy: a promising new alternative. Vaccines. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10060879.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"947_CR127","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"N Hanif","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hanif N, Anwer F. Rituximab. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls publishing copyright \u00a9 2025. StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2025."},{"key":"947_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.561294","volume":"11","author":"A Kolomansky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kolomansky A, Kaye I, Ben-Califa N, Gorodov A, Awida Z, Sadovnic O, et al. Anti-CD20-mediated B cell depletion is associated with bone preservation in lymphoma patients and bone mass increase in mice. Front Immunol. 2020;11:561294.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"947_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.5114\/reum.2021.108430","volume":"59","author":"SG Al Khayyat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al Khayyat SG, Falsetti P, Conticini E, D\u2019Alessandro R, Bellisai F, Gentileschi S, et al. Bone-sparing effects of rituximab and body composition analysis in a cohort of postmenopausal women affected by rheumatoid arthritis - retrospective study. Reumatologia. 2021;59(4):206\u201310.","journal-title":"Reumatologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"947_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-024-00616-7","volume":"13","author":"H Bartak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bartak H, Fareh T, Ben Othman N, Viard D, Cohen M, Rocher F, et al. Dental adverse effects of anti-CD20 therapies. Neurol Ther. 2024;13(3):917\u201330.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"947_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Obermeier KT, Frank T, Hildebrandt T, Otto S, Poxleitner P, Dewenter I. Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with Obinutuzumab in a patient with preceding follicular non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma. J Pers Med. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm15040138.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15040138"},{"key":"947_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.02.019","volume":"86","author":"M Zangari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zangari M, Suva LJ. The effects of proteasome inhibitors on bone remodeling in multiple myeloma. Bone. 2016;86:131\u20138.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"20","key":"947_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-10-535088","volume":"123","author":"YT Tai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tai YT, Mayes PA, Acharya C, Zhong MY, Cea M, Cagnetta A, et al. Novel anti-B-cell maturation antigen antibody-drug conjugate (GSK2857916) selectively induces killing of multiple myeloma. Blood. 2014;123(20):3128\u201338.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"947_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2422","volume":"19","author":"RO Carpenter","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carpenter RO, Evbuomwan MO, Pittaluga S, Rose JJ, Raffeld M, Yang S, et al. B-cell maturation antigen is a promising target for adoptive T-cell therapy of multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(8):2048\u201360.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"947_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010645","author":"D De Novellis","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Novellis D, Fontana R, Giudice V, Serio B, Selleri C. Innovative anti-CD38 and anti-BCMA targeted therapies in multiple myeloma: mechanisms of action and resistance. Int J Mol Sci. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24010645.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"34","key":"947_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56598","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17896","volume":"8","author":"F Costa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Costa F, Toscani D, Chillemi A, Quarona V, Bolzoni M, Marchica V, et al. Expression of CD38 in myeloma bone niche: a rational basis for the use of anti-CD38 immunotherapy to inhibit osteoclast formation. Oncotarget. 2017;8(34):56598\u2013611.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"12","key":"947_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8121632","volume":"8","author":"F Costa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Costa F, Dalla Palma B, Giuliani N. CD38 expression by myeloma cells and its role in the context of bone marrow microenvironment: modulation by therapeutic agents. Cells. 2019;8(12):1632.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"947_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2014.03.005","volume":"42","author":"A Bolomsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolomsky A, Schreder M, Mei\u00dfner T, Hose D, Ludwig H, Pfeifer S, et al. Immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide and lenalidomide affect osteoblast differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Exp Hematol. 2014;42(7):516\u201325.","journal-title":"Exp Hematol"}],"container-title":["Current Osteoporosis Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11914-025-00947-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11914-025-00947-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11914-025-00947-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T10:27:00Z","timestamp":1768472820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11914-025-00947-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":138,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11914-025-00947-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1544-1873","1544-2241"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1544-1873","type":"print"},{"value":"1544-2241","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"53"}}