{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T17:57:49Z","timestamp":1759341469116},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]],"date-time":"2000-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":965088000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Current Review of Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-000-0102-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T16:01:04Z","timestamp":1344441664000},"page":"259-267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Controversies surrounding reflex sympathetic dystrophy: A review article"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ronald P.","family":"Pawl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"102_CR1","first-page":"308","volume":"58","author":"MM Robertson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robertson MM, Cervilla JA: Munchausen\u2019s syndrome. Br J Hosp Med 1997, 58:308\u2013312.","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"102_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555563271273","volume":"63","author":"J Jorgensen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jorgensen J, Gammeltoft M, Schmidt H: Factitious lymphoedema, Secretan\u2019s syndrome. Acta Derm Venereol 1983, 63:271\u2013273.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"102_CR3","first-page":"521","volume":"13","author":"ML Kasdan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kasdan ML, Johnson AL: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Occup Med 1998, 13:521\u2013531.","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"102_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.6.1003","volume":"44","author":"RJ Verdugo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Verdugo RJ, Ochoa JL: \u201cSympathetcally maintained pain.\u201d I. Phentolamine block questions the concept. Neurology 1994, 44:1003\u20131010. Records a controlled study (blinded and crossover) that clearly denies the role of the autonomic nervous system in pain production.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"102_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.6.1010","volume":"44","author":"RJ Verdugo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Verdugo RJ, Campero M, Ochoa JL: Phentolamine block in painful polyneuropathies. Neurology 1994, 44:1010\u20131014.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"102_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1990.tb01788.x","volume":"15","author":"ME Greipp","year":"1990","unstructured":"Greipp ME: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome: a retrospective pain study. J Adv Nurs 1990, 15:1452\u20131456.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"102_CR7","first-page":"314","volume":"64","author":"PN Soucacos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Soucacos PN, Diznitsas LA, Beris AE, et al.: Clinical criteria and treatment of segmental versus upper extremity reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Acta Orthop Belg 1998, 64:314\u2013321.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"102_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199812000-00003","volume":"14","author":"P Sandroni","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sandroni P, Low PA, Ferrer T, et al.: Complex regional pain syndrome I (CRPS I): prospective study and laboratory evaluation. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:282\u2013289.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"102_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199806000-00012","volume":"14","author":"M Stanton-Hicks","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stanton-Hicks M, Baron R, Boas R, et al.: Consensus report on complex regional pain syndromes: guidelines for therapy. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:155\u2013166.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"102_CR10","first-page":"989","volume":"19","author":"T Hidaka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hidaka T, Suzuki K, Hara M, et al.: Spontaneous reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Sudeck\u2019s atrophy) syndrome associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenia. J Rheumatol 1992, 19:989\u2013991.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"102_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92877-V","volume":"342","author":"PHJM Veldman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Veldman PHJM, Reynen HM, Arntz IE, et al.: Signs and symptoms of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: prospective study of 829 patients. Lancet 1993, 342:1012\u20131016.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"102_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02267817","volume":"8","author":"F Birklein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Birklein F, Riedl B, Claus D, Neundorfer B: Pattern of autonomic dysfunction in time course of complex regional pain syndrome. Clin Auton Res 1998, 8:79\u201385.","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"102_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(59)90013-3","volume":"94","author":"WR Drucker","year":"1959","unstructured":"Drucker WR, Hubay CA, Holden WD: Pathogenesis of post-traumatic sympathetic dystrophy. Am J Surg 1959, 94:454\u2013465.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"suppl 279","key":"102_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.1998.11744781","volume":"69","author":"JHB Geertzen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Geertzen JHB, Dijkstra PU, Groothoff JW, et al.: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper extremity-a 5.5 year follow-up. Part I. Impairments and perceived disability. Acta Orthop Scand 1998, 69(suppl 279):12\u201318.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"102_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7134.792","volume":"316","author":"GD Schott","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schott GD: Interrupting the sympathetic outflow in causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. BMJ 1998, 316:792\u2013793.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"102_CR16","first-page":"292","volume":"23","author":"RA Boas","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boas RA: Sympathetic nerve blocks: in search of a role. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998, 23:292\u2013305.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"102_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X97271487","volume":"20","author":"H Blumberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blumberg H, Hoffman U, Mohadjer M, Scheremet R: Sympathetic nervous system and pain: a clinical reappraisal. Behav Brain Sci 1997, 20:426\u2013434.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"102_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199809000-00008","volume":"14","author":"DD Price","year":"1998","unstructured":"Price DD, Long S, Wilsey B, Rafii A: Analysis of peak magnitude and duration of analgesia produced by local anesthetics injected into sympathetic ganglia of complex regional pain syndrome patients. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:216\u2013226. Compares placebo with anesthetic in relief of pain. This is a prospective study that delineates the role of the sympathetic nervous system and pain.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"102_CR19","first-page":"594","volume":"80","author":"N Shafer","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shafer N, Shafer R: Factitious diseases including Munchausen\u2019s syndrome. Recent advances in medicine and surgery. N Y State J Med 1980, 80:594\u2013604.","journal-title":"N Y State J Med"},{"key":"102_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199701000-00026","volume":"86","author":"QH Hogan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hogan QH, Abram SE: Neural blockade for diagnosis and prognosis. Anesthesiology 1997, 86:216\u2013241.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"102_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00049-3","volume":"73","author":"WS Kingery","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kingery WS: A critical review of controlled clinical trials for peripheral neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndromes. Pain 1997, 73:123\u2013139.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"102_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(92)90061-K","volume":"41","author":"R Casale","year":"1992","unstructured":"Casale R, Elam M: Normal sympathetic nerve activity in a reflex sympathetic dystrophy with marked skin vasoconstriction. J Auton Nerv Syst 1992, 41:215\u2013219.","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"},{"key":"102_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.5.613","volume":"56","author":"G Wasner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wasner G, Heckmann K, Maier C, Baron R: Vascular abnormalities in acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS I). Arch Neurol 1999, 56:613\u2013620.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"102_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X97301496","volume":"20","author":"M Elam","year":"1997","unstructured":"Elam M: Is reflex sympathetic dystrophy a valid concept? Behav Brain Sci 1997, 20:447\u2013448.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"102_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.81.4.572","volume":"81","author":"DD Sherry","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sherry DD, Weisman R: Psychologic aspects of childhood reflex neurovascular dystrophy. Pediatrics 1988, 81:572\u2013578.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"102_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(05)70101-8","volume":"16","author":"G Wasner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wasner G, Backojna M-M, Baron R: Traumatic neuralgias. Neurol Clin 1998, 16:851\u2013869.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"102_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00173-0","volume":"79","author":"V Bonicalzi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bonicalzi V, Canavero S: Letters to the editor: comments on Kingery (Pain 1997, 73:123-139). Pain 1999, 79:317\u2013318.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"102_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199906)22:6<678::AID-MUS4>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"22","author":"R Baron","year":"1999","unstructured":"Baron R, Levine JD, Fields HL: Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain? Muscle Nerve 1999, 22:678\u2013695.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"102_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199209000-00013","volume":"8","author":"JJ Gibbons","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gibbons JJ, Wilson PR, Lamer TJ, Elliott BA: Interscalene blocks for chronic upper extremity pain. Clin J Pain 1992, 8:264\u2013269.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"102_CR30","first-page":"799","volume-title":"Advances in Pain Research and Therapy","author":"Tasker R","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tasker R: Surgical approaches to the primary afferent and the spinal cord. In Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, vol 9. New York: Raven Press; 1985:799\u2013824."},{"key":"102_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199909000-00010","volume":"15","author":"HM Oerlemans","year":"1999","unstructured":"Oerlemans HM, Oostendorp RAB, de Boo T, et al.: Signs and symptoms in complex regional pain syndrome type I\/ reflex sympathetic dystrophy: judgement of the physician versus objective measurement. Clin J Pain 1999, 15:224\u2013232.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"102_CR32","first-page":"521","volume":"13","author":"ML Kasdan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kasdan ML, Johnson AL: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Occup Med 1998, 13:521\u2013531.","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"102_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03012214","volume":"45","author":"R Catchlove","year":"1998","unstructured":"Catchlove R: \u201cReflex sympathetic dystrophy\u201d [editorial]. Can J Anaesth 1998, 45:829\u2013830.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"102_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00246-2","volume":"80","author":"G Allen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Allen G, Galer BS, Schwartz L: Epidemiology of complex regional pain syndrome: a retrospective chart review of 134 patients. Pain 1999, 80:539\u2013544.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"102_CR35","first-page":"205","volume":"150","author":"E Viel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Viel E, Ripart J, Pelissier, Eledjam J-J: Management of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Ann Med Intern 1999, 150:205\u2013210.","journal-title":"Ann Med Intern"},{"key":"102_CR36","first-page":"91","volume":"65","author":"O Barbier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barbier O, Allington N, Rombouts JJ: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children: review of a clinical series and description of the particularities in children. Act Orthop Belg 1999, 65:91\u201397.","journal-title":"Act Orthop Belg"},{"key":"102_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80162-9","volume":"25B","author":"JS Calder","year":"1998","unstructured":"Calder JS, Holten I, McAllister RMR: Evidence for immune system involvement in reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg 1998, 25B:147\u2013150.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"102_CR38","first-page":"448","volume":"64","author":"SJ Blair","year":"1998","unstructured":"Blair SJ, Chinthagada M, Hoppenstehdt D, et al.: Role of neuropeptides in pathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Acta Orthop Belg 1998, 64:448\u2013451.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"102_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90418-X","volume":"79","author":"GM Ribbers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ribbers GM, Oosterhuis WP, van Limbeek J, de Metz M: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy: is the immune system involved? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998, 79:1549\u20131552.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"102_CR40","first-page":"202","volume":"65","author":"M Driessens","year":"1999","unstructured":"Driessens M, Dijs H, Verheyen G, Blockx P: What is reflex sympathetic dystrophy? Acta Orthop Belg 1999, 65:202\u2013217.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"102_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(05)70126-7","volume":"83","author":"RJ Schwartzman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schwartzman RJ, Malecki J: Post-injury neuropathic pain syndromes. Med Clin North Am 1999, 83:597\u2013626.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"102_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X97251484","volume":"20","author":"TJ Coderre","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coderre TJ, Katx J: Peripheral and central hyperexcitability: differential signs and symptoms in persistent pain. Behav Brain Sci 1997, 20:404\u2013419.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"102_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.65.2.196","volume":"65","author":"RJ Verdugo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Verdugo RJ, Ochoa JL: Reversal of hypoaesthesia by nerve block, or placebo: a psychologically mediated sign in chronic pseudoneuropathic pain patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998, 65:196\u2013203. A good prospective, controlled study that calls into question the relationship of the autonomic nervous system and pain.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"102_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-35-3-229","volume":"35","author":"A LaBarre","year":"1999","unstructured":"LaBarre A, Coyne BE: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999, 35:229\u2013231.","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"102_CR45","first-page":"322","volume":"64","author":"C Schiepers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schiepers C, Bormans I, De Roo M: Three-phase bone scan and dynamic vascular scintigraphy in algoneurodystrophy of the upper extremity. Acta Orthop Belg 1998, 64:322\u2013327.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"102_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(99)90011-6","volume":"24B","author":"A Zyluk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zyluk A: The usefulness of quantitative evaluation of three-phase scintigraphy in the diagnosis of post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy. J Hand Surg 1999, 24B:16\u201321.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"102_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.49.12.1010","volume":"49","author":"J Rodriguez-Moreno","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Moreno J, Ruiz-Martin JM, Mateo-Soria L, et al.: Munchausen\u2019s syndrome simulating reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Ann Rheum Dis 1990, 49:1010\u20131012.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"102_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-199904000-00008","volume":"20","author":"A Zyluk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zyluk A, Birkenfeld B: Quantitative evaluation of three-phase bone scintigraphy before and after the treatment of posttraumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Nucl Med Commun 1999, 20:327\u2013333.","journal-title":"Nucl Med Commun"},{"key":"102_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050378","volume":"27","author":"M Graif","year":"1998","unstructured":"Graif M, Schweitzer M, Marks B, et al.: Synovial effusion in reflex sympathetic dystrophy: an additional sign for diagnosis and staging. Skeletal Radiol 1998, 27:262\u2013265.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"102_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.171.5.9798855","volume":"171","author":"LN Nazarian","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nazarian LN, Schweitzer ME, Mandel S, et al.: Increased soft-tissue blood flow in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the lower extremity revealed by power doppler sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998, 171:1245\u20131250.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"102_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00198-5","volume":"80","author":"M Schurmann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schurmann M, Gradl G, Andress H-J, et al.: Assessment of peripheral nervous system function for diagnosing early post-traumatic complex regional pain syndrome type I. Pain 1999, 80:149\u2013159.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"102_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199812000-00005","volume":"14","author":"DA Monti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Monti DA, Herring CL, Schwartzman RJ, Merchese M: Personality assessment of patients with complex regional pain syndrome type I. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:295\u2013302.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"102_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199212000-00003","volume":"8","author":"S Bruehl","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bruehl S, Carlson CR: Predisposing psychological factors in the development of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. A review of the empirical evidence. Clin J Pain 1992, 8:287\u2013299.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"102_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-8343(93)90025-J","volume":"15","author":"B Houdenhove Van","year":"1993","unstructured":"Van Houdenhove B, Vasquez G: Is there a relationship between reflex sympathetic dystrophy and helplessness? Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1993, 15:325\u2013329.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"102_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199212000-00004","volume":"8","author":"B Houdenhove Van","year":"1992","unstructured":"Van Houdenhove B, Vasquez G, Onghena P, et al.: Etiopatogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a review and biopsychosocial hypothesis. Clin J Pain 1992, 8:300\u2013306.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"102_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199806000-00009","volume":"14","author":"JHB Geertzen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Geertzen JHB, de Bruijn-Kofman AT, de Bruijn HP, et al.: Stressful life events and psychological dysfunction in complex regional pain syndrome type I. Clin J Pain 1998, 14:143\u2013147.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"102_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1159\/000132815","volume":"138","author":"E Adler","year":"1959","unstructured":"Adler E, Weiss AA, Zohari D: A psychosomatic approach to sympathetic reflex dystrophy. Psychiatr Neurol (Basel) 1959, 138:256\u2013271.","journal-title":"Psychiatr Neurol (Basel)"},{"issue":"suppl 279","key":"102_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/17453674.1998.11744782","volume":"69","author":"JHB Geertzen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Geertzen JHB, Dijkstra PU, Groothoff JW, et al.: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the upper extremity-a 5.5 year follow-up Part II. Social life events, general health and changes in occupation. Acta Orthop Scand 1998, 69(suppl 279):19\u201323.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"102_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557010-00016","volume":"57A","author":"RJ Smith","year":"1975","unstructured":"Smith RJ: Factitious lymphedema of the hand. J Bone Joint Surg 1975, 57A:89.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"102_CR60","first-page":"260","volume":"39","author":"A Thali","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thali A: Sudeck syndrome and its \u201cpsychosomatic disposition\u201d: a comparative clinico-psychologic study of the etiology in accident patients. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 1989, 39:260\u2013265.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol"},{"key":"102_CR61","first-page":"153","volume":"4","author":"M Zucchini","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zucchini M, Alberti G, Moretti MP: Algodystrophy and related psychological features. Funct Neurol 1989, 4:153\u2013156.","journal-title":"Funct Neurol"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"102_CR62","first-page":"252","volume":"58","author":"J Vilder De","year":"1992","unstructured":"De Vilder J: Personality of patients with Sudeck\u2019s atrophy following tibial fracture. Acta Orthop Belg 1992, 58(suppl 1):252\u2013257.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"102_CR63","first-page":"86","volume":"65","author":"AL Rauis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rauis AL: Psychological aspects: a series of 104 posttraumatic cases of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Acta Orthop Belg 1999, 65:86\u201390.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"102_CR64","first-page":"821","volume":"41","author":"S Horowitz","year":"1984","unstructured":"Horowitz S: Iatrogenic causalgia. Acta Neurol 1984, 41:821\u2013824.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol"},{"key":"102_CR65","first-page":"428","volume-title":"The Social Sysytem","author":"T Parsons","year":"1951","unstructured":"Parsons T: Social structure and dynamic process: the case of modern medical practice. In The Social Sysytem. Glencoe, Il: Free Press; 1951:428\u2013479."},{"key":"102_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00114808","volume":"1","author":"L Eisenberg","year":"1977","unstructured":"Eisenberg L: Disease and Illness. Distinctions between professional and popular ideas of sickness. Cult Med Psychiatry 1977, 1:9\u201323.","journal-title":"Cult Med Psychiatry"},{"key":"102_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0072-968X(75)90001-7","volume":"7","author":"G Pulvertaft","year":"1975","unstructured":"Pulvertaft G: Psychological aspects of hand injuries. Hand 1975, 7:93\u2013103.","journal-title":"Hand"},{"key":"102_CR68","first-page":"409","volume":"21","author":"H Secretan","year":"1901","unstructured":"Secretan H: Oedeme dur et hyperplasie traumatique du metacarpe dorsal. Revue medicale de la Suisse Romande 1901, 21:409\u2013416.","journal-title":"Revue medicale de la Suisse Romande"},{"key":"102_CR69","first-page":"513","volume":"13","author":"JT Stutts","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stutts JT, Kasdan ML: Psychosocial aspects of hand injuries and diseases. Occup Med 1998, 13:513\u2013519.","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"102_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389901400604","volume":"14","author":"R Cimaz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cimaz R, Matucci-Cerinic M, Zulian F, Falcini F: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children. J Child Neurol 1999, 14:363\u2013367.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"102_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1754.1998.00287.x","volume":"34","author":"S Jaworowski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jaworowski S, Allen RC, Finkelstein E: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in a 12-year-old twin with comorbid conversion disorder in both twins. J Paediatr Child Health 1998, 34:581\u2013583.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"102_CR72","first-page":"34","volume":"83","author":"EB Blau","year":"1984","unstructured":"Blau EB: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children. WMJ 1984, 83:34\u201335.","journal-title":"WMJ"},{"key":"102_CR73","first-page":"507","volume":"5","author":"TJ Pak","year":"1970","unstructured":"Pak TJ, Martin GM, Magness JL, Kavanaugh GJ: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Minn Med 1970, 5:507\u2013512.","journal-title":"Minn Med"},{"key":"102_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1988.02150120079045","volume":"142","author":"TJ Silber","year":"1988","unstructured":"Silber TJ, Majd M: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome in children and adolescents. Am J Dis Child 1988, 142:1325\u20131330.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"102_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054260","volume":"5","author":"B Houdenhove Van","year":"1986","unstructured":"Van Houdenhove B: Neuro-algodystrophy: a psychiatrist\u2019s view. Clin Rheumatol 1986, 5:399\u2013406.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"102_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80498-3","volume":"93","author":"BH Bernstein","year":"1978","unstructured":"Bernstein BH, Singsen BH, Kent Jt, et al.: Reflex neurovascular dystrophy in childhood. J Pediatr 1978, 93:211\u2013215.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"102_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/030006058501300602","volume":"13","author":"V Maresca","year":"1985","unstructured":"Maresca V: Human calcitonin in the management of osteoporosis: a multicentre study. J Int Med Res 1985, 13:311\u2013316.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"102_CR78","first-page":"197","volume":"65","author":"MI Korpan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Korpan MI, Dezu Y, Schneider B, et al.: Acupuncture in the treatment of posttraumatic pain syndrome. Acta Orthop Belg 1999, 65:197\u2013201.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"102_CR79","first-page":"79","volume":"90","author":"MA Kemler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kemler MA, Barendse GAM, Van Cleef M, et al.: Electrical spinal cord stimulation in reflex sympathetic dystrophy: retrospective analysis of 23 patients. J Neurosurg Med 1999, 90:79\u201383.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Med"}],"container-title":["Current Review of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-000-0102-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-000-0102-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-000-0102-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T08:06:48Z","timestamp":1714291608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-000-0102-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]}},"alternative-id":["102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-000-0102-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1069-5850"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1069-5850","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,8]]}}}