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Daniela","family":"Hord","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Louise","family":"Oaklander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"72_CR1","volume-title":"Injuries of Nerves and Their Consequences.","author":"SW Mitchell","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mitchell SW: Injuries of Nerves and Their Consequences. New York: Dover Publications; 1965. This book, originally published in 1872 and reprinted in 1965, provided the first accurate description of complex regional pain syndrome II (or as Mitchell called it, causalgia) as it occurred during the American Civil War. His magnificent case descriptions have been validated but never surpassed by any other author. Still relevant today, this book is required reading for any clinician or researcher with a serious interest in complex regional pain syndrome."},{"key":"72_CR2","first-page":"36","volume":"82","author":"JA Evans","year":"1946","unstructured":"Evans JA: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1946, 82:36\u201344.","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"72_CR3","volume-title":"Classification of Chronic Pain: Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms.","author":"Task Force on Taxonomy","year":"1994","unstructured":"Task Force on Taxonomy: Classification of Chronic Pain: Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms. 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This level of inconsistency makes it nearly impossible to compare study results. Although the IASP criteria are flawed, they should be used for all studies of CRPS until they are revised or replaced.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"72_CR6","first-page":"430A","volume":"48","author":"AL Oaklander","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oaklander AL, Rissmiller JG, Yang Y: Skin biopsies provide objective evidence of injury to nociceptors in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy) [abstract]. Neurology 2000, 48:430A.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"72_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.20","volume":"51","author":"L Laan van der","year":"1998","unstructured":"van der Laan L, ter Laak HJ, Gabreels-Festen A, et al.: Complex regional pain syndrome type I (RSD): pathology of skeletal muscle and peripheral nerve. 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This study is of major importance because it demonstrates the greater improvements achievable with stimulators rather than medication alone.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"72_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1976.45.6.0692","volume":"45","author":"JN Campbell","year":"1976","unstructured":"Campbell JN, Long DM: Peripheral nerve stimulation in the treatment of intractable pain. J Neurosurg 1976, 45:692\u2013699.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"72_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)00049-3","volume":"73","author":"WS Kingery","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kingery WS: A critical review of controlled clinical trials for peripheral neuropathic pain and complex regional pain syndromes. Pain 1997, 73:123\u2013139. Reviews 72 articles of controlled trials for complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and other types of peripheral neuropathic pain. Of those, 22 discussed CRPS. These studies support efficacy of corticosteroids in CRPS and provide limited or contradictory support for several therapies, including intranasal calcitonin, intravenous phentolamine, epidural clonidine, and Bier blocks with bretylium (but not with guanethidine or reserpine). This search identified no data to evaluate sympathetic ganglion blocks with local anesthetic, surgical sympathectomy, or physical therapy.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"72_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274060-00013","volume":"74","author":"RT Wilder","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wilder RT, Berde CB, Wolohan M, et al.: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy in children: clinical characteristics and follow-up of seventy patients. 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