{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:56:23Z","timestamp":1790254583325,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,22]],"date-time":"2014-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-014-0466-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,21]],"date-time":"2014-11-21T23:06:33Z","timestamp":1416611193000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Intrathecal Baclofen: Effects on Spasticity, Pain, and Consciousness in Disorders of Consciousness and Locked-in Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Pistoia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Sar\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Carolei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"466_CR1","unstructured":"Plum\u00a0F,\u00a0Posner\u00a0JB.\u00a0The\u00a0diagnosis\u00a0of\u00a0stupor\u00a0and\u00a0coma.\u00a0Contemp Neurol Ser 1972;10:1\u2013286."},{"key":"466_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state (1). The Multi-Society Task Force on PVS. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1499-508.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199405263302107"},{"key":"466_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.10.010","volume":"9","author":"S Laureys","year":"2005","unstructured":"Laureys S. The neural correlate of (un)awareness: lessons from the vegetative state. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005;9:556\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"466_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.349","volume":"58","author":"JT Giacino","year":"2002","unstructured":"Giacino JT, Ashwal S, Childs N, Cranford R, Jennett B, Katz DI, et al. The minimally conscious state: definition and diagnostic criteria. Neurology. 2002;58:349\u201353.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"466_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313105","volume":"221","author":"G Bauer","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bauer G, Gerstenbrand F, Rumpl E. Varieties of the locked-in syndrome. J Neurol. 1979;221:77\u201391.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"466_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2010.05.001","volume":"73","author":"M Conson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Conson M, Pistoia F, Sar\u00e0 M, Grossi D, Trojano L. Recognition and mental manipulation of body parts dissociate in locked-in syndrome. Brain Cogn. 2010;73:189\u201393.","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"466_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7838","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6300-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"F Pistoia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pistoia F, Conson M, Trojano L, Grossi D, Ponari M, Colonnese C, et al. Impaired conscious recognition of negative facial expressions in patients with locked-in syndrome. J Neurosci. 2010;30:7838\u201344.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"466_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.04.015","volume":"46","author":"M Conson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Conson M, Sacco S, Sar\u00e0 M, Pistoia F, Grossi D, Trojano L. Selective motor imagery defect in patients with locked-in syndrome. Neuropsychologia. 2008;46(11):2622\u20138.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"466_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.09.032","volume":"89","author":"S Sacco","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sacco S, Sar\u00e0 M, Pistoia F, Conson M, Albertini G, Carolei A. Management of pathologic laughter and crying in patients with locked-in syndrome: a report of 4 cases. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:775\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"466_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.02.157","volume":"120","author":"C Babiloni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Babiloni C, Pistoia F, Sar\u00e0 M, Vecchio F, Buffo P, Conson M, et al. Resting state eyes-closed cortical rhythms in patients with locked-in-syndrome: an EEG study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;120:719\u201329.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"466_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000039","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2010-000039","volume":"1","author":"MA Bruno","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bruno MA, Bernheim JL, Ledoux D, Pellas F, Demertzi A, Laureys S. A survey on self-assessed well-being in a cohort of chronic locked-in syndrome patients: happy majority, miserable minority. BMJ Open. 2011;1:e000039.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"466_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2010.0042","volume":"85","author":"F Pistoia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pistoia F, Conson M, Sar\u00e0 M. Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome in patients with locked-in syndrome: a therapeutic porthole with gabapentin. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85:527\u201331.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"466_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968309353330","volume":"24","author":"F Pistoia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pistoia F, Sar\u00e0 M. Gabapentin therapy for ocular opsoclonus-myoclonus restores eye movement communication in a patient with a locked-in syndrome. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2010;24:493\u20134.","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"466_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2011.572948","volume":"25","author":"R Formisano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Formisano R, Pistoia F, Sar\u00e0 M. Disorders of consciousness: a taxonomy to be changed? Brain Inj. 2011;25:638\u20139. This paper is of importance as it describes main elements, which are responsible for misdiagnoses within the spectrum of disorders of consciousness.","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"466_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0804","volume":"27","author":"M Sar\u00e0","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sar\u00e0 M, Pistoia F. Defining consciousness: lessons from patients and modern techniques. J Neurotrauma. 2010;27:771\u20133.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"466_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2009.1257","volume":"29","author":"F Pistoia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pistoia F, Sar\u00e0 M. Is there a cartesian renaissance of the mind or is it time for a new taxonomy for low responsive states? J Neurotrauma. 2012;29:2328\u201331.","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"466_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0374-3","volume":"17","author":"F Pistoia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pistoia F, Sacco S, Sar\u00e0 M, Carolei A. The perception of pain and its management in disorders of consciousness. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17:374. This paper is relevant as it highlights the main sources of pain, including spasticity, in patients with DOCs.","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"466_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2006.104.2.233","volume":"104","author":"AL Albright","year":"2006","unstructured":"Albright AL, Turner M, Pattisapu JV. Best-practice surgical techniques for intrathecal baclofen therapy. J Neurosurg. 2006;104:233\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"466_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/67.2.206","volume":"67","author":"RW Bohannon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther. 1987;67:206\u20137.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"466_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.2.0291","volume":"98","author":"AL Albright","year":"2003","unstructured":"Albright AL, Gilmartin R, Swift D, Krach LE, Ivanhoe CB, McLaughlin JF. Long-term intrathecal baclofen therapy for severe spasticity of cerebral origin. J Neurosurg. 2003;98:291\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"466_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513488607","volume":"27","author":"N Draulans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Draulans N, Vermeersch K, Degraeuwe B, Meurrens T, Peers K, Nuttin B, et al. Intrathecal baclofen in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury: complications and long-term dosage evolution. Clin Rehabil. 2013;27:1137\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"466_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2013.07.003","volume":"24","author":"C Hughes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hughes C, Howard IM. Spasticity management in multiple sclerosis. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2013;24:593\u2013604.","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"466_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03904.x","volume":"53","author":"F Motta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Motta F, Antonello CE, Stignani C. Intrathecal baclofen and motor function in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53:443\u20138.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"466_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-004-2618-4","volume":"15","author":"M Gallucci","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gallucci M, Puglielli E, Splendiani A, Pistoia F, Spacca G. Degenerative disorders of the spine. Eur Radiol. 2005;15:591\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"466_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2012.00510.x","volume":"16","author":"A Bahl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bahl A, Tripathi C, McMullan J, Goddard J. Novel use of intrathecal baclofen drug delivery system for periodic focal dystonia in a teenager. Neuromodulation. 2013;16:273\u20135.","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"466_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-008-0043-0","volume":"12","author":"S Newsome","year":"2008","unstructured":"Newsome S, Frawley BK, Argoff CE. Intrathecal analgesia for refractory cancer pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008;12:249\u201356.","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"466_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-001-0038-6","volume":"5","author":"RK Osenbach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Osenbach RK, Harvey S. Neuraxial infusion in patients with chronic intractable cancer and noncancer pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2001;5:241\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"466_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2011.00336.x","volume":"14","author":"A Madan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Madan A, Schiess MC. Intrathecal baclofen therapy slows progressive disability in multiple system atrophy. Neuromodulation. 2011;14:176\u20137.","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"466_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12010","volume":"16","author":"T Taira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taira T, Ueta T, Katayama Y, Kimizuka M, Nemoto A, Mizusawa H, et al. Rate of complications among the recipients of intrathecal baclofen pump in Japan: a multicenter study. Neuromodulation. 2013;16:266\u201372. This paper is extremely interesting as it summarizes main complications of ITB treatment.","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"466_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.07.021","volume":"88","author":"CR Hansen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hansen CR, Gooch JL, Such-Neibar T. Prolonged, severe intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007;88:1468\u201371.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"466_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.6.1133","volume":"102","author":"AF Douglas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Douglas AF, Weiner HL, Schwartz DR. Prolonged intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome. Case report and discussion of current therapeutic management. J Neurosurg. 2005;102:1133\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"466_CR32","first-page":"4121","volume":"20","author":"E Mura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mura E, Pistoia F, Sar\u00e0 M, Sacco S, Carolei A, Govoni S. Pharmacological modulation of the state of awareness in patients with disorders of consciousness: an overview. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20:4121\u201339.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"466_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102609","volume":"366","author":"JT Giacino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giacino JT, Whyte J, Bagiella E, Kalmar K, Childs N, Khademi A, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of amantadine for severe traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:819\u201326.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"466_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2165\/11535940-000000000-00000","volume":"24","author":"F Pistoia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pistoia F, Mura E, Govoni S, Fini M, Sar\u00e0 M. Awakenings and awareness recovery in disorders of consciousness: is there a role for drugs? CNS Drugs. 2010;24:625\u201338.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"466_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.01.012","volume":"90","author":"M Sar\u00e0","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sar\u00e0 M, Pistoia F, Mura E, Onorati P, Govoni S. Intrathecal baclofen in patients with persistent vegetative state: 2 hypotheses. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90:1245\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"466_CR36","author":"K Margetis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Margetis K, Korfias SI, Gatzonis S, Boutos N, Stranjalis G, Boviatsis E, et al. Intrathecal baclofen associated with improvement of consciousness disorders in spasticity patients. Neuromodulation. 2013. doi: 10.1111\/ner.12147 .","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"466_CR37","unstructured":"Lombardi F, Gatta G,\u00a0Sacco S, Muratori A, Carolei A.\u00a0The Italian version of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R).\u00a0Funct Neurol 2007;22:47\u201361."},{"key":"466_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(09)17721-X","volume":"177","author":"T Taira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taira T. Intrathecal administration of GABA agonists in the vegetative state. Prog Brain Res. 2009;177:317\u201328.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"466_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236902","volume":"42","author":"DR Curtis","year":"1981","unstructured":"Curtis DR, Lodge D, Bornstein JC, Peet MJ. Selective effects of (-)-baclofen on spinal synaptic transmission in the cat. Exp Brain Res. 1981;42:158\u201370.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"466_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199401000-00002","volume":"5","author":"DR Curtis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Curtis DR, Lacey G. GABA-B receptor-mediated spinal inhibition. Neuroreport. 1994;5:540\u20132.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"466_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00571-6","volume":"103","author":"RC Riley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Riley RC, Trafton JA, Chi SI, Basbaum AI. Presynaptic regulation of spinal cord tachykinin signaling via GABA(B) but not GABA(A) receptor activation. Neuroscience. 2001;103:725\u201337.","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"466_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/780802","volume":"3","author":"RC Riley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Riley RC, Trafton JA, Basbaum AI. Presynaptic control of nociceptive signaling: differential influence of mu opioid and GABAergic systems. Pain Res Manag. 2000;3:185\u201396.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"466_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melzack R. From the gate to the neuromatrix. Pain 1999; (Suppl 6):S121-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00145-1"},{"key":"466_CR44","first-page":"4154","volume":"20","author":"F Pistoia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pistoia F, Sar\u00e0 M, Sacco S, Franceschini M, Carolei A. Silencing the brain may be better than stimulating it. The GABA effect. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20:4154\u201366.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"466_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0416-x","volume":"13","author":"AA Fingelkurts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fingelkurts AA, Fingelkurts AA, Bagnato S, Boccagni C, Galardi G. Toward operational architectonics of consciousness: basic evidence from patients with severe cerebral injuries. Cogn Process. 2012;13:111\u201331. This paper is extremely interesting as it highlights the relevance of a proper neural interconnectivity in the emergence of consciousness.","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"key":"466_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968310378508","volume":"25","author":"M Sar\u00e0","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sar\u00e0 M, Pistoia F, Pasqualetti P, Sebastiano F, Onorati P, Rossini PM. Functional isolation within the cerebral cortex in the vegetative state: a nonlinear method to predict clinical outcomes. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2011;25:35\u201342.","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"466_CR47","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"M Sar\u00e0","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sar\u00e0 M, Pistoia F. Complexity loss in physiological time series of patients in a vegetative state. Nonlinear Dyn Psychol Life Sci. 2010;14:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn Psychol Life Sci"},{"key":"466_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050701810670","volume":"22","author":"M Sar\u00e0","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sar\u00e0 M, Sebastiano F, Sacco S, Pistoia F, Onorati P, Albertini G, et al. Heart rate non linear dynamics in patients with persistent vegetative state: a preliminary report. Brain Inj. 2008;22:33\u20137.","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"466_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.02.157","volume":"120","author":"C Babiloni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Babiloni C, Sar\u00e0 M, Vecchio F, Pistoia F, Sebastiano F, Onorati P, et al. Cortical sources of resting-state alpha rhythms are abnormal in persistent vegetative state patients. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;120:719\u201329.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"466_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-12-109","volume":"12","author":"U Malinowska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malinowska U, Chatelle C, Bruno MA, Noirhomme Q, Laureys S, Durka PJ. Electroencephalographic profiles for differentiation of disorders of consciousness. Biomed Eng Online. 2013;12:109.","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"466_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04286","volume":"437","author":"R Stickgold","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stickgold R. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Nature. 2005;437:1272\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"466_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2762-c2","volume":"11","author":"S Diekelmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Diekelmann S, Born J. The memory function of sleep. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010;11:114\u201326.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"466_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A111","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112210-00001","volume":"12","author":"P Peigneux","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peigneux P, Laureys S, Delbeuck X, Maquet P. Sleeping brain, learning brain. The role of sleep for memory systems. Neuroreport. 2001;12:A111\u201324.","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"466_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01096-6","volume":"36","author":"AK Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee AK, Wilson MA. Memory of sequential experience in the hippocampus during slow wave sleep. Neuron. 2002;36:1183\u201394.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"466_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00746-8","volume":"35","author":"MP Walker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walker MP, Brakefield T, Morgan A, Hobson JA, Stickgold R. Practice with sleep makes perfect: sleep-dependent motor skill learning. Neuron. 2002;35:205\u201311.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"466_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-18","volume":"11","author":"D Cruse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cruse D, Thibaut A, Demertzi A, Nantes JC, Bruno MA, Gosseries O, et al. Actigraphy assessments of circadian sleep-wake cycles in the vegetative and minimally conscious states. BMC Med. 2013;11:18.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"466_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200204000-00013","volume":"81","author":"K Cairns","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cairns K, Stein J. Motor function improvement following intrathecal baclofen pump placement in a patient with locked-in syndrome. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;81:307\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-014-0466-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-014-0466-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-014-0466-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,17]],"date-time":"2019-08-17T18:37:17Z","timestamp":1566067037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-014-0466-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,22]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-014-0466-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,22]]},"article-number":"466"}}