{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T04:30:49Z","timestamp":1792297849628,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-019-0769-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T06:17:31Z","timestamp":1552976251000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Neurogenic Claudication: a Review of Current Understanding and Treatment Options"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shadi","family":"Messiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony R.","family":"Tharian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Candido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebojsa Nick","family":"Knezevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"769_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-2-271","volume":"103","author":"S Hall","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hall S, Bartleson JD, Onofrio BM, Baker HL Jr, Okazaki H, O\u2019Duffy JD. Lumbar spinal stenosis. Clinical features, diagnostic procedures, and results of surgical treatment in 68 patients. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103(2):271\u20135.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"769_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.12.007","volume":"61","author":"RD Malgor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malgor RD, Alahdab F, Elraiyah TA, Rizvi AZ, Lane MA, Prokop LJ, et al. A systematic review of treatment of intermittent claudication in the lower extremities. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61(3 Suppl):54S\u201373S.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"769_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-194802000-00001","volume":"127","author":"R Leriche","year":"1948","unstructured":"Leriche R, Morel A. The syndrome of thrombotic obliteration of the aortic bifurcation. Ann Surg. 1948;127(2):193\u2013206.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"769_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-010-1412-z","volume":"25","author":"M Frederick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frederick M, Newman J, Kohlwes J. Leriche syndrome. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;25(10):1102\u20134.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"769_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2017.10.014","volume":"27","author":"SM Conte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conte SM, Vale PR. Peripheral arterial disease. Heart Lung Circ. 2018;27(4):427\u201332.","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"1","key":"769_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2013.09.003","volume":"43","author":"JV Mascarenhas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mascarenhas JV, Albayati MA, Shearman CP, Jude EB. Peripheral arterial disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2014;43(1):149\u201366.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"769_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355513515859","volume":"29","author":"SK Velden Van der","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van der Velden SK, Shadid NH, Nelemans PJ, Sommer A. How specific are venous symptoms for diagnosis of chronic venous disease? Phlebology. 2014;29(9):580\u20136.","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"issue":"17","key":"769_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199609010-00024","volume":"21","author":"RW Porter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Porter RW. Spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996;21(17):2046\u201352.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"769_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00035-7","volume":"119","author":"JL Melancia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Melancia JL, Francisco AF, Antunes JL. Spinal stenosis. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;119:541\u20139.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"769_CR10","first-page":"287","volume":"54","author":"E Truumees","year":"2005","unstructured":"Truumees E. Spinal stenosis: pathophysiology, clinical and radiologic classification. Instr Course Lect. 2005;54:287\u2013302.","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"769_CR11","volume-title":"Spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication","author":"LA Foris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foris LA, Varacallo M. Spinal stenosis and neurogenic claudication. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls; 2018."},{"issue":"7","key":"769_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.03.005","volume":"9","author":"L Kalichman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalichman L, Cole R, Kim DH, Li L, Suri P, Guermazi A, et al. Spinal stenosis prevalence and association with symptoms: the Framingham Study. Spine J. 2009;9(7):545\u201350.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"769_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000166503.37969.8a","volume":"30","author":"RA Deyo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Deyo RA, Gray DT, Kreuter W, Mirza S, Martin BI. United States trends in lumbar fusion surgery for degenerative conditions. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(12):1441\u20135 discussion 6-7.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"21","key":"769_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199611010-00002","volume":"21","author":"A Inufusa","year":"1996","unstructured":"Inufusa A, An HS, Lim TH, Hasegawa T, Haughton VM, Nowicki BH. Anatomic changes of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen associated with flexion-extension movement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996;21(21):2412\u201320.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"3","key":"769_CR15","first-page":"51","volume":"15","author":"M Sekiguchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sekiguchi M, Kikuchi S. Experimental studies of lumbar spinal stenosis. Clin Calcium. 2005;15(3):51\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Calcium"},{"issue":"9","key":"769_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380910","volume":"38","author":"Jeffrey N. Katz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Katz JN, Dalgas M, Stucki G, Katz NP, Bayley J, Fossel AH, et al. Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Diagnostic value of the history and physical examination. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(9):1236\u201341.","journal-title":"Arthritis & Rheumatism"},{"issue":"2","key":"769_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-36539","volume":"22","author":"DK Binder","year":"2002","unstructured":"Binder DK, Schmidt MH, Weinstein PR. Lumbar spinal stenosis. Semin Neurol. 2002;22(2):157\u201366.","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"769_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2184","volume":"120","author":"R Giugliani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Giugliani R, Harmatz P, Wraith JE. Management guidelines for mucopolysaccharidosis VI. Pediatrics. 2007;120(2):405\u201318.","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"3","key":"769_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-007-0635-4","volume":"167","author":"JE Wraith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wraith JE, Scarpa M, Beck M, Bodamer OA, De Meirleir L, Guffon N, et al. Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): a clinical review and recommendations for treatment in the era of enzyme replacement therapy. Eur J Pediatr. 2008;167(3):267\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"769_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198807000-00002","volume":"67","author":"GL Semenza","year":"1988","unstructured":"Semenza GL, Pyeritz RE. Respiratory complications of mucopolysaccharide storage disorders. Medicine (Baltimore). 1988;67(4):209\u201319.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"6","key":"769_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.12.6.1439018","volume":"12","author":"MA Westcott","year":"1992","unstructured":"Westcott MA, Dynes MC, Remer EM, Donaldson JS, Dias LS. Congenital and acquired orthopedic abnormalities in patients with myelomeningocele. Radiographics. 1992;12(6):1155\u201373.","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"issue":"2","key":"769_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.36B2.230","volume":"36-B","author":"H Verbiest","year":"1954","unstructured":"Verbiest H. A radicular syndrome from developmental narrowing of the lumbar vertebral canal. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1954;36-B(2):230\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"769_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2012.04.007","volume":"50","author":"TP Maus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maus TP. Imaging of spinal stenosis: neurogenic intermittent claudication and cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Radiol Clin N Am. 2012;50(4):651\u201379.","journal-title":"Radiol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"15","key":"769_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001476","volume":"41","author":"C Tomkins-Lane","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Tomkins-Lane C, Melloh M, Lurie J, Smuck M, Battie MC, Freeman B, et al. ISSLS prize winner: consensus on the clinical diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis: results of an international Delphi study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016;41(15):1239\u201346. A Delphi study that formulated a consensus on 7 questions to serve as a guide in the diagnostic process of patients with LSS.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"769_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-010-9315-3","volume":"57","author":"DQ Tran","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tran DQ, Duong S, Finlayson RJ. Lumbar spinal stenosis: a brief review of the nonsurgical management. Can J Anaesth. 2010;57(7):694\u2013703.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"769_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00296769","volume":"50","author":"A Eskola","year":"1992","unstructured":"Eskola A, Pohjolainen T, Alaranta H, Soini J, Tallroth K, Slatis P. Calcitonin treatment in lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study with one-year follow-up. Calcif Tissue Int. 1992;50(5):400\u20133.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"21","key":"769_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000143807.78082.7f","volume":"29","author":"VK Podichetty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Podichetty VK, Segal AM, Lieber M, Mazanec DJ. Effectiveness of salmon calcitonin nasal spray in the treatment of lumbar canal stenosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(21):2343\u20139.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"769_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0154-4","volume":"16","author":"SI Tafazal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tafazal SI, Ng L, Sell P. Randomised placebo-controlled trial on the effectiveness of nasal salmon calcitonin in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. Eur Spine J. 2007;16(2):207\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"769_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E357","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318201b834","volume":"36","author":"VK Podichetty","year":"2011","unstructured":"Podichetty VK, Varley ES, Lieberman I. Calcitonin treatment in lumbar spinal stenosis: a meta-analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36(5):E357\u201364.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"769_CR30","first-page":"CD010712","volume":"8","author":"C Ammendolia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ammendolia C, Stuber KJ, Rok E, Rampersaud R, Kennedy CA, Pennick V, et al. Nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;8:CD010712.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"769_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31818f924d","volume":"34","author":"Ko Matsudaira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matsudaira K, Seichi A, Kunogi J, Yamazaki T, Kobayashi A, Anamizu Y, et al. The efficacy of prostaglandin E1 derivative in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(2):115\u201320.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"9","key":"769_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000261029.29170.e6","volume":"32","author":"A Yaksi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yaksi A, Ozgonenel L, Ozgonenel B. The efficiency of gabapentin therapy in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(9):939\u201342.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"8","key":"769_CR33","first-page":"825","volume":"83","author":"W Waikakul","year":"2000","unstructured":"Waikakul W, Waikakul S. Methylcobalamin as an adjuvant medication in conservative treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. J Med Assoc Thail. 2000;83(8):825\u201331.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thail"},{"issue":"7","key":"769_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215510367539","volume":"24","author":"A Goren","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goren A, Yildiz N, Topuz O, Findikoglu G, Ardic F. Efficacy of exercise and ultrasound in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2010;24(7):623\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"769_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(07)70040-5","volume":"53","author":"YH Pua","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pua YH, Cai CC, Lim KC. Treadmill walking with body weight support is no more effective than cycling when added to an exercise program for lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomised controlled trial. Aust J Physiother. 2007;53(2):83\u20139.","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"issue":"10","key":"769_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819c0a6b","volume":"34","author":"Z Koc","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koc Z, Ozcakir S, Sivrioglu K, Gurbet A, Kucukoglu S. Effectiveness of physical therapy and epidural steroid injections in lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(10):985\u20139.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"22","key":"769_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000241136.98159.8c","volume":"31","author":"Julie M. Whitman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whitman JM, Flynn TW, Childs JD, Wainner RS, Gill HE, Ryder MG, et al. A comparison between two physical therapy treatment programs for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31(22):2541\u20139.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"769_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1353484","volume":"30","author":"JD Iannuccilli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iannuccilli JD, Prince EA, Soares GM. Interventional spine procedures for management of chronic low back pain-a primer. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2013;30(3):307\u201317.","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"769_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/371","volume":"15","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Cash KA, McManus CD, Pampati V, Fellows B. Results of 2-year follow-up of a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of fluoroscopic caudal epidural injections in central spinal stenosis. Pain Physician. 2012;15(5):371\u201384.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"23","key":"769_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31823294f2","volume":"36","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Singh V, Cash KA, Pampati V, Damron KS, Boswell MV. A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of fluoroscopic caudal epidural injections in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and radiculitis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011;36(23):1897\u2013905.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"769_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E341","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2009\/12\/E341","volume":"12","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Cash KA, McManus CD, Pampati V, Singh V, Benyamin R. The preliminary results of a comparative effectiveness evaluation of adhesiolysis and caudal epidural injections in managing chronic low back pain secondary to spinal stenosis: a randomized, equivalence controlled trial. Pain Physician. 2009;12(6):E341\u201354.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"769_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Manchikanti L, Knezevic NN, Boswell MV, Kaye AD, Hirsch JA. Epidural injections for lumbar radiculopathy and spinal stenosis: a comparative systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Physician. 2016;19(3):E365\u2013410. A large meta-analysis that found bupivicaine to be ineffective in ESI and lidocaine alone was as effective as lidocaine with steroids.","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2016.19.E365"},{"issue":"4","key":"769_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2015\/18\/307","volume":"18","author":"RM Benyamin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benyamin RM, Staats PS, MiDAS ENCORE. Randomized controlled study design and protocol. Pain Physician. 2015;18(4):307\u201316.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"769_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj\/2019.19.229","volume":"19","author":"RM Benyamin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Benyamin RM, Staats PS, Mi DASEI. MILD(R) is an effective treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication: MiDAS ENCORE randomized controlled trial. Pain Physician. 2016;19(4):229\u201342.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"769_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Staats PS, Chafin TB, Golovac S, Kim CK, Li S, Richardson WB, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of minimally invasive lumbar decompression procedure for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication: 2-year results of MiDAS ENCORE. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(7):789\u201394. The first long-term data from a RCT to demonstrate the efficacy of the MILD procedure when compared to ESI.","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000868"},{"issue":"3","key":"769_CR46","first-page":"139","volume":"19","author":"NA Elsheikh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elsheikh NA, Amr YM. Effect of adding calcitonin to translaminar epidural steroid in degenerative lumbar Spinal canal stenosis. Pain Physician. 2016;19(3):139\u201346.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"769_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000251014.81875.6d","volume":"32","author":"A Malmivaara","year":"2007","unstructured":"Malmivaara A, Slatis P, Heliovaara M, Sainio P, Kinnunen H, Kankare J, et al. Surgical or nonoperative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis? A randomized controlled trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"769_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000735","volume":"40","author":"Vikas V. Patel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Patel VV, Whang PG, Haley TR, Bradley WD, Nunley PD, Davis RP, et al. Superion interspinous process spacer for intermittent neurogenic claudication secondary to moderate lumbar spinal stenosis: two-year results from a randomized controlled FDA-IDE pivotal trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015;40(5):275\u201382.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"24","key":"769_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000435031.96058.f6","volume":"38","author":"C Schizas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schizas C, Pralong E, Tzioupis C, Kulik G. Interspinous distraction in lumbar spinal stenosis: a neurophysiological perspective. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(24):2113\u20137.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"17","key":"769_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31828ba413","volume":"38","author":"BH Stromqvist","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stromqvist BH, Berg S, Gerdhem P, Johnsson R, Moller A, Sahlstrand T, et al. X-stop versus decompressive surgery for lumbar neurogenic intermittent claudication: randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;38(17):1436\u201342.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"769_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-017-9413-8","volume":"10","author":"Raj J. Gala","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Gala RJ, Russo GS, Whang PG. Interspinous implants to treat spinal stenosis. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2017;10(2):182\u20138. Compared Superion with X-Stop and found Superion to have improved outcomes at 3-year follow-up.","journal-title":"Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"769_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2017.02.002","volume":"28","author":"VM Ravindra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ravindra VM, Ghogawala Z. Is there still a role for interspinous spacers in the management of neurogenic claudication? Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2017;28(3):321\u201330.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"769_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2010.00289.x","volume":"13","author":"A Costantini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Costantini A, Buchser E, Van Buyten JP. Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Neuromodulation. 2010;13(4):275\u20139 discussion 9-80.","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"769_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12092","volume":"17","author":"Masahito Kamihara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamihara M, Nakano S, Fukunaga T, Ikeda K, Tsunetoh T, Tanada D, et al. Spinal cord stimulation for treatment of leg pain associated with lumbar spinal stenosis. Neuromodulation. 2014;17(4):340\u20134 discussion 5.","journal-title":"Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface"},{"issue":"14","key":"769_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E857","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001635","volume":"41","author":"Fabio Zaina","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u2022 Zaina F, Tomkins-Lane C, Carragee E, Negrini S. Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016;41(14):E857\u201368. A large Cochrane review that evaluated the available evidence from 5 RCTs regarding surgical vs non surgical treatment of LSS. They were not able to prove superiority of either treatment.","journal-title":"SPINE"},{"issue":"15","key":"769_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513721","volume":"374","author":"Peter F\u00f6rsth","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u2022 Forsth P, Olafsson G, Carlsson T, Frost A, Borgstrom F, Fritzell P, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of fusion surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(15):1413\u201323. A large RCT that compared surgical decompression with decompression plus fusion. They showed that fusion increases operative time and risk with no added improvement in ODI scores and similar reoperation rates when compared to decompression alone.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"13","key":"769_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001970","volume":"42","author":"Erik Y. Tye","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Tye EY, Anderson JT, Haas AR, Percy R, Woods ST, Ahn UM, et al. Decompression versus decompression and fusion for degenerative lumbar stenosis in a workers\u2019 compensation setting. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017;42(13):1017\u201323. A retrospective cohort study that compared surgical decompression with decompression plus fusion in worker's comp cases and showed a higher return to work rates in the decompression only group.","journal-title":"SPINE"}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-019-0769-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-019-0769-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-019-0769-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T20:00:09Z","timestamp":1663099209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-019-0769-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-019-0769-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Shadi Messiah, Antony R. Tharian, Kenneth D. Candido, and Nebojsa Nick Knezevic declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"32"}}