{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:44:34Z","timestamp":1790729074488,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-020-00931-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T13:03:12Z","timestamp":1614258192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Cannabis and Migraine: It\u2019s Complicated"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6105-9159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laszlo L.","family":"Mechtler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran M.","family":"Gengo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent H.","family":"Bargnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"931_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Vos T, Jensen R, Katsarava Z. Migraine is first cause of disability in under 50s: will health politicians now take notice? J Headache Pain [Internet]. 2018 Feb 21 [cited 2020 Jul 29];19(1). Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5821623\/","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0846-2"},{"key":"931_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u2022 Ashina M, Hansen JM, Do TP, Melo-Carrillo A, Burstein R, Moskowitz MA. Migraine and the trigeminovascular system\u201440 years and counting. Lancet Neurol. 2019 Aug 1;18(8):795\u2013804. Review on migraine pathophysiology.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30185-1"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"931_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.021","volume":"154","author":"R Noseda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Noseda R, Burstein R. Migraine pathophysiology: anatomy of the trigeminovascular pathway and associated neurological symptoms, cortical spreading depression, sensitization, and modulation of pain. Pain. 2013 Dec;154(Suppl 1):S44\u201353.","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"931_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu X, Liu Y, Dong M, Zou D, Wei Y. Tricyclic antidepressants for preventing migraine in adults. Medicine (Baltimore) [Internet]. 2017 Jun 2 [cited 2020 Jul 18];96(22). Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5459715\/","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006989"},{"key":"931_CR5","first-page":"17","volume":"6","author":"S Naegel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Naegel S, Obermann M. Topiramate in the prevention and treatment of migraine: efficacy, safety and patient preference. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2010;6:17\u201328.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"12","key":"931_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306147101","volume":"101","author":"D Levy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Levy D, Jakubowski M, Burstein R. Disruption of communication between peripheral and central trigeminovascular neurons mediates the antimigraine action of 5HT1B\/1D receptor agonists. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2004 Mar 23;101(12):4274\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"931_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709038","volume":"377","author":"SD Silberstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silberstein SD, Dodick DW, Bigal ME, Yeung PP, Goadsby PJ, Blankenbiller T, et al. Fremanezumab for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 30;377(22):2113\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"931_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1813049","volume":"381","author":"DW Dodick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dodick DW, Lipton RB, Ailani J, Lu K, Finnegan M, Trugman JM, et al. Ubrogepant for the treatment of migraine. N Engl J Med. 2019 Dec 5;381(23):2230\u201341.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"931_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.09.011","volume":"78","author":"MA Elsohly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Elsohly MA, Slade D. Chemical constituents of marijuana: the complex mixture of natural cannabinoids. Life Sci. 2005 Dec 22;78(5):539\u201348.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"931_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aviram J, Vysotski Y, Berman P, Lewitus GM, Eisenberg E, Meiri D. Migraine frequency decrease following prolonged medical cannabis treatment: a cross-sectional study. Brain Sci. 2020 Jun 9;10(6). Cannabis on migraine frequency reduction with cannabinoid specifications.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10060360"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00392-6","volume":"353","author":"S Ben-Shabat","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ben-Shabat S, Fride E, Sheskin T, Tamiri T, Rhee MH, Vogel Z, et al. An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 Jul 17;353(1):23\u201331.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"41","key":"931_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4091","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26983","volume":"10","author":"L Baram","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baram L, Peled E, Berman P, Yellin B, Besser E, Benami M, et al. The heterogeneity and complexity of cannabis extracts as antitumor agents. Oncotarget. 2019 Jun 25;10(41):4091\u2013106.","journal-title":"Oncotarget."},{"key":"931_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baron EP. Medicinal properties of cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in cannabis, and benefits in migraine, headache, and pain: an update on current evidence and cannabis science. Headache J head face pain. 2018;58(7):1139\u201386. Review of terpene and flavonoid effects.","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13345"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13787","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31749-z","volume":"8","author":"SW Jung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jung SW, Cho AE, Yu W. Exploring the ligand efficacy of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) using molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep. 2018 Sep 13;8(1):13787.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"931_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zou S, Kumar U. Cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoid system: signaling and function in the central nervous system. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2018 Mar 13 [cited 2020 Jul 20];19(3). Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5877694\/","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030833"},{"issue":"4","key":"931_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704327","volume":"134","author":"T Bisogno","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bisogno T, Hanu\u0161 L, De Petrocellis L, Tchilibon S, Ponde DE, Brandi I, et al. Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Oct;134(4):845\u201352.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"931_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaplan JS, Stella N, Catterall WA, Westenbroek RE. Cannabidiol attenuates seizures and social deficits in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 17;114(42):11229\u201334. Characterization of CBD mechanism of action.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711351114"},{"issue":"43","key":"931_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16546","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.004929","volume":"293","author":"M-R Ghovanloo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghovanloo M-R, Shuart NG, Mezeyova J, Dean RA, Ruben PC, Goodchild SJ. Inhibitory effects of cannabidiol on voltage-dependent sodium currents. J Biol Chem. 2018 Oct 26;293(43):16546\u201358.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"931_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Russo EB. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency reconsidered: current research supports the theory in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel, and other treatment-resistant syndromes. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016 Jul 28;1(1):154\u201365. Cannabinoid deficiency and migraine.","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0009"},{"key":"931_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarchielli P, Pini LA, Coppola F, Rossi C, Baldi A, Mancini ML, Calabresi P Endocannabinoids in chronic migraine: CSF findings suggest a system failure. Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 2007 Jun;32(6):1384\u20131390.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301246"},{"issue":"2","key":"931_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2008.01.003","volume":"30","author":"LM Cupini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cupini LM, Costa C, Sarchielli P, Bari M, Battista N, Eusebi P, et al. Degradation of endocannabinoids in chronic migraine and medication overuse headache. Neurobiol Dis. 2008 May;30(2):186\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"931_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.01031.x","volume":"26","author":"LM Cupini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cupini LM, Bari M, Battista N, Argir\u00f2 G, Finazzi-Agr\u00f2 A, Calabresi P, et al. Biochemical changes in endocannabinoid system are expressed in platelets of female but not male migraineurs. Cephalalgia Int J Headache. 2006 Mar;26(3):277\u201381.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia Int J Headache"},{"key":"931_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gatta L, Piscitelli F, Giordano C, Boccella S, Lichtman A, Maione S, et al. Discovery of prostamide F2\u03b1 and its role in inflammatory pain and dorsal horn nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. PLoS ONE [Internet]. 2012 Feb 21 [cited 2020 Jul 20];7(2). Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3283613\/","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031111"},{"issue":"17","key":"931_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182535d0c","volume":"78","author":"S Holland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Holland S, Silberstein SD, Freitag F, Dodick DW, Argoff C, Ashman E. Evidence-based guideline update: NSAIDs and other complementary treatments for episodic migraine prevention in adults. Neurology. 2012 Apr 24;78(17):1346\u201353.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"8","key":"931_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300496","volume":"29","author":"DC D\u2019Souza","year":"2004","unstructured":"D\u2019Souza DC, Perry E, MacDougall L, Ammerman Y, Cooper T, Wu Y, et al. The psychotomimetic effects of intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in healthy individuals: implications for psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004 Aug;29(8):1558\u201372.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"issue":"5","key":"931_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.042","volume":"155","author":"R Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen R, Zhang J, Fan N, Teng Z, Wu Y, Yang H, et al. \u03949-THC-caused synaptic and memory impairments are mediated through COX-2 signaling. Cell. 2013 Nov 21;155(5):1154\u201365.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"32","key":"931_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4966","DOI":"10.2174\/138161212802884780","volume":"18","author":"R Martin-Santos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martin-Santos R, Crippa JA, Batalla A, Bhattacharyya S, Atakan Z, Borgwardt S, et al. Acute effects of a single, oral dose of d9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) administration in healthy volunteers. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(32):4966\u201379.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"3","key":"931_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200217666151210142051","volume":"17","author":"O Zendulka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zendulka O, Dovrt\u011blov\u00e1 G, Noskov\u00e1 K, Turjap M, \u0160ulcov\u00e1 A, Hanu\u0161 L, et al. Cannabinoids and cytochrome P450 interactions. Curr Drug Metab. 2016;17(3):206\u201326.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.12.007","volume":"138","author":"UM Zanger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zanger UM, Schwab M. Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation. Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Apr 1;138(1):103\u201341.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"931_CR30","unstructured":"Gurley BJ, Murphy TP, Gul W, Walker LA, ElSohly M. Content versus label claims in cannabidiol (CBD)-containing products obtained from commercial outlets in the state of Mississippi. J Diet Suppl. 2020 May 20;0(0):1\u20139. Highlights hemp-based CBD quality concern."},{"key":"931_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freedman DA, Patel AD. Inadequate regulation contributes to mislabeled online cannabidiol products. Pediatr Neurol Briefs. 32:3.","DOI":"10.15844\/pedneurbriefs-32-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000489287","volume":"1","author":"A Hazekamp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hazekamp A. The trouble with CBD oil. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2018 Jun 12;1(1):65\u201372.","journal-title":"Med Cannabis Cannabinoids"},{"issue":"2","key":"931_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1300\/J175v01n02_04","volume":"1","author":"E Russo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Russo E. Hemp for headache. J Cannabis Ther. 2001 Mar 1;1(2):21\u201392.","journal-title":"J Cannabis Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"931_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.114.094649","volume":"86","author":"A Dhopeshwarkar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhopeshwarkar A, Mackie K. CB2 cannabinoid receptors as a therapeutic target\u2014what does the future hold? Mol Pharmacol. 2014 Oct;86(4):430\u20137.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"931_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711278105","volume":"105","author":"JE Lauckner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lauckner JE, Jensen JB, Chen H-Y, Lu H-C, Hille B, Mackie K. GPR55 is a cannabinoid receptor that increases intracellular calcium and inhibits M current. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 19;105(7):2699\u2013704.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"931_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.114.216648","volume":"351","author":"DR Maguire","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maguire DR, France CP. Impact of efficacy at the \u03bc-opioid receptor on antinociceptive effects of combinations of \u03bc-opioid receptor agonists and cannabinoid receptor agonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2014 Nov;351(2):383\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00333-6","volume":"120","author":"TJ PRICE","year":"2003","unstructured":"PRICE TJ, HELESIC G, PARGHI D, HARGREAVES KM, FLORES CM. The neuronal distribution of cannabinoid receptor type 1 in the trigeminal ganglion of the rat. Neuroscience. 2003;120(1):155\u201362.","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"issue":"10","key":"931_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2632","volume":"13","author":"JR Clapper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clapper JR, Moreno-Sanz G, Russo R, Guijarro A, Vacondio F, Duranti A, et al. Anandamide suppresses pain initiation through a peripheral endocannabinoid mechanism. Nat Neurosci. 2010 Oct;13(10):1265\u201370.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"931_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-010-0274-4","volume":"12","author":"R Greco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Greco R, Mangione AS, Sandrini G, Maccarrone M, Nappi G, Tassorelli C. Effects of anandamide in migraine: data from an animal model. J Headache Pain. 2011 Apr;12(2):177\u201383.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain."},{"issue":"37","key":"931_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14869","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0943-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"S Akerman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akerman S, Holland PR, Lasalandra MP, Goadsby PJ. Endocannabinoids in the brainstem modulate dural trigeminovascular nociceptive traffic via CB1 and \u201ctriptan\u201d receptors: implications in migraine. J Neurosci. 2013 Sep 11;33(37):14869\u201377.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"931_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kandasamy R, Dawson CT, Craft RM, Morgan MM. Anti-migraine effect of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol in the female rat. Eur J Pharmacol. 2018 Jan 5;818:271\u20137. Pre-clinical cannabis for migraine model.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.10.054"},{"issue":"23","key":"931_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2300-4","volume":"73","author":"C Turcotte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turcotte C, Blanchet M-R, Laviolette M, Flamand N. The CB2 receptor and its role as a regulator of inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2016;73(23):4449\u201370.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-14","volume":"15","author":"R Greco","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greco R, Mangione AS, Sandrini G, Nappi G, Tassorelli C. Activation of CB2 receptors as a potential therapeutic target for migraine: evaluation in an animal model. J Headache Pain. 2014;15(1):14.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"931_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0011-2","volume":"43","author":"ZD Cooper","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cooper ZD, Bedi G, Ramesh D, Balter R, Comer SD, Haney M. Impact of co-administration of oxycodone and smoked cannabis on analgesia and abuse liability. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018 Sep;43(10):2046\u201355.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"issue":"9","key":"931_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.51","volume":"42","author":"S Nielsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nielsen S, Sabioni P, Trigo JM, Ware MA, Betz-Stablein BD, Murnion B, et al. Opioid-sparing effect of cannabinoids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2017 Aug;42(9):1752\u201365.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"issue":"20","key":"931_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4790","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13250","volume":"172","author":"RB Laprairie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laprairie RB, Bagher AM, Kelly MEM, Denovan-Wright EM. Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol. 2015;172(20):4790\u2013805.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"931_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-006-0033-x","volume":"372","author":"M Kathmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kathmann M, Flau K, Redmer A, Tr\u00e4nkle C, Schlicker E. Cannabidiol is an allosteric modulator at mu- and delta-opioid receptors. Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol. 2006 Feb 1;372(5):354\u201361.","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"931_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.01166.x","volume":"163","author":"L De Petrocellis","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Petrocellis L, Ligresti A, Moriello AS, Allar\u00e0 M, Bisogno T, Petrosino S, et al. Effects of cannabinoids and cannabinoid-enriched cannabis extracts on TRP channels and endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes. Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1479\u201394.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"931_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.104624","volume":"134","author":"R Greco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Greco R, Demartini C, Zanaboni AM, Tumelero E, Reggiani A, Misto A, et al. FAAH inhibition as a preventive treatment for migraine: a pre-clinical study. Neurobiol Dis. 2020 Feb 1;134:104624.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001386","volume":"160","author":"D De Gregorio","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Gregorio D, McLaughlin RJ, Posa L, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Enns J, Lopez-Canul M, et al. Cannabidiol modulates serotonergic transmission and reverses both allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a model of neuropathic pain. Pain. 2019 Jan;160(1):136\u201350.","journal-title":"Pain."},{"issue":"2","key":"931_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E298","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02854900","volume":"8","author":"K Mackie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mackie K, Stella N. Cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids: evidence for new players. AAPS J. 2006 Jun 1;8(2):E298\u2013306.","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"issue":"8","key":"931_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.19.1109","volume":"19","author":"K Watanabe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Watanabe K, Kayano Y, Matsunaga T, Yamamoto I, Yoshimura H. Inhibition of anandamide amidase activity in mouse brain microsomes by cannabinoids. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Aug;19(8):1109\u201311.","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01280-9","volume":"463","author":"M Toth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Toth M. 5-HT1A receptor knockout mouse as a genetic model of anxiety. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Feb 28;463(1):177\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0007","volume":"1","author":"M Sexton","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sexton M, Cuttler C, Finnell JS, Mischley LK. A cross-sectional survey of medical cannabis users: patterns of use and perceived efficacy. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016;1(1):131\u20138.","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res"},{"key":"931_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhyne DN, Anderson SL, Gedde M, Borgelt LM. Effects of medical marijuana on migraine headache frequency in an adult population. Pharmacother J hum Pharmacol drug Ther. 2016;36(5):505\u201310. Cannabis on migraine frequency reduction.","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1673"},{"key":"931_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mechtler L, Bargnes V, Hart P, McVige J, Saikali N. Medical cannabis for chronic migraine: a retrospective review (P3.10-015). Neurology [Internet]. 2019 Apr 9 [cited 2020 Jul 20];92(15 Supplement). Available from: https:\/\/n.neurology.org\/content\/92\/15_Supplement\/P3.10-015. Cannabis for chronic migraine.","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.92.15_supplement.P3.10-015"},{"key":"931_CR57","unstructured":"Cuttler C, Spradlin A, Cleveland MJ, Craft RM. Short- and long-term effects of cannabis on headache and migraine. J Pain [Internet]. 2019 Nov 9 [cited 2020 Jul 20]; Available from: http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S152659001930848X. Cannabis on migraine severity reduction."},{"issue":"7","key":"931_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1661","volume":"35","author":"AC Bradford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bradford AC, Bradford WD. Medical marijuana Laws reduce prescription medication use in Medicare part D. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016 Jul 1;35(7):1230\u20136.","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"931_CR59","unstructured":"Piper BJ, DeKeuster RM, Beals ML, Cobb CM, Burchman CA, Perkinson L, et al. Substitution of medical cannabis for pharmaceutical agents for pain, anxiety, and sleep: J Psychopharmacol (Oxf) [Internet]. 2017 Apr 4 [cited 2020 Jul 20]; Available from: https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0269881117699616"},{"key":"931_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baron EP, Lucas P, Eades J, Hogue O. Patterns of medicinal cannabis use, strain analysis, and substitution effect among patients with migraine, headache, arthritis, and chronic pain in a medicinal cannabis cohort. J Headache Pain [Internet]. 2018 May 24 [cited 2020 Jul 20];19(1). Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5968020\/. Cannabis for medication reduction.","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0862-2"},{"key":"931_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S134330","volume":"10","author":"JM Corroon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Corroon JM, Mischley LK, Sexton M. Cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs \u2013 a cross-sectional study. J Pain Res. 2017 May 2;10:989\u201398.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"931_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000364","volume":"32","author":"S Haroutounian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haroutounian S, Ratz Y, Ginosar Y, Furmanov K, Saifi F, Meidan R, et al. The effect of medicinal cannabis on pain and quality-of-life outcomes in chronic pain: a prospective open-label study. Clin J Pain. 2016 Dec;32(12):1036\u201343.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"931_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong SSC, Chan WS, Cheung CW. Analgesic effects of cannabinoids for chronic non-cancer pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol Off J Soc NeuroImmune Pharmacol. 2020 Mar;14.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-020-09905-y"},{"key":"931_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pini LA, Guerzoni S, Cainazzo MM, Ferrari A, Sarchielli P, Tiraferri I, et al. Nabilone for the treatment of medication overuse headache: results of a preliminary double-blind, active-controlled, randomized trial. J Headache Pain. 2012 Nov;13(8):677\u201384. Clinical trial of cannabis compared to conventional headache medications.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-012-0490-1"},{"key":"931_CR65","unstructured":"Nicolodi M, Sandoval V, Torrini A. Therapeutic use of cannabinoids-dose finding, effects and pilot data of effects in chronic migraine and cluster headache. In EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2017 Jul 1 (Vol. 24, pp. 287-287). 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA: WILEY. Clinical trial of cannabis compared to conventional prophylactic migraine medication."},{"issue":"1","key":"931_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2016.0034","volume":"2","author":"K Iffland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iffland K, Grotenhermen F. An update on safety and side effects of cannabidiol: a review of clinical data and relevant animal studies. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2017 Jun 1;2(1):139\u201354.","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res."},{"key":"931_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tassorelli C, Greco R, Silberstein SD. The endocannabinoid system in migraine: from bench to pharmacy and back. Curr Opin Neurol. 2019 Jun;32(3):405\u2013412. Review of cannabinoids and conventional migraine medication overlap.","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000688"}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-020-00931-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-020-00931-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-020-00931-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T21:15:25Z","timestamp":1724534125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-020-00931-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-020-00931-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is a review and does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human\/Animal Right or Informed Consent Statement"}}],"article-number":"16"}}