{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:42:17Z","timestamp":1792590137374,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-021-00971-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T06:02:30Z","timestamp":1625724150000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["HIV Neuropathy\u2014a Review of Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kaitlyn E.","family":"Egan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxim S.","family":"Eckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"971_CR1","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS. World Health Organization. Published 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/hiv-aids\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"971_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328345889d.Peripheral","volume":"25","author":"SR Evans","year":"2011","unstructured":"Evans SR, Ellis RJ, Chen H, Yeh TM, Lee AJ, Schifitto G, et al. Peripheral neuropathy in HIV : prevalence and risk factors. Aids. 2011;25(7):919\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328345889d.Peripheral.","journal-title":"Aids."},{"issue":"3","key":"971_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70002-4","volume":"12","author":"CM Centner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centner CM, Bateman KJ, Heckmann JM. Manifestations of HIV infection in the peripheral nervous system. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(3):295\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70002-4.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"971_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200059060-00005","volume":"59","author":"EA Wulff","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wulff EA, Wang AK, Simpson DM. HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. Drugs. 2000;59(6):1251\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003495-200059060-00005.","journal-title":"Drugs."},{"key":"971_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Asahchop EL, Branton WG, Krishnan A, et al. HIV-associated sensory polyneuropathy and neuronal injury are associated with miRNA-455-3p induction. JCI insight. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.122450.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.122450"},{"issue":"1","key":"971_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-018-0220-7","volume":"19","author":"A Bokore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bokore A, Korme B, Bayisa G. Determinants of anti-retroviral regimen changes among HIV\/AIDS patients of east and west Wollega zone health institutions, Oromia region, west Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018;19(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-018-0220-7.","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"971_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E117","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002074","volume":"81","author":"KM Erlandson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erlandson KM, Zhang L, Ng DK, Althoff KN, Palella FJ, Kingsley LA, et al. Risk factors for falls, falls with injury, and falls with fracture among older men with or at risk of HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;81(4):E117\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002074.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"971_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-019-0307-9","volume":"20","author":"L Hagos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hagos L, Fessehaye S, Anand IS. Nature and prevalence of adverse drug reaction of antiretroviral medications in Halibet National Referral Hospital: a retrospective study. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;20(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40360-019-0307-9.","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"10","key":"971_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204111","volume":"13","author":"MB Moketla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moketla MB, Wadley AL, Kamerman P, De Assis Rosa D. Pharmacogenetic variation influences sensory neuropathy occurrence in Southern Africans treated with stavudine-containing antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One. 2018;13(10):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0204111.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"971_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e43","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0000000000002115","volume":"82","author":"DZ Sakabumi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sakabumi DZ, Moore RC, Tang B, et al. Chronic distal sensory polyneuropathy is a major contributor to balance disturbances in persons living with HIV. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;82(2):e43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qai.0000000000002115.","journal-title":"JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"971_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2019.7749","volume":"29","author":"R Schnall","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schnall R, Jia H, Reame N. Association between HIV symptom burden and inflammatory cytokines: an analysis by sex and menopause stage. J Women's Health. 2020;29(1):119\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jwh.2019.7749.","journal-title":"J Women's Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"971_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2017.1417532","volume":"30","author":"R Schnall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schnall R, Siegel K, Jia H, Olender S, Hirshfield S. Racial and socioeceonomic disparities in the symptom profile of persons living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2018;30(6):774\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2017.1417532.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"971_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.04.001","volume":"26","author":"A Gonzalez-Duarte","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Duarte A, Robinson-Papp J, Simpson DM. Diagnosis and management of HIV-associated neuropathy. Neurol Clin. 2008;26(3):821\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.04.001.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"971_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mawuntu AHP, Mahama CN, Khosama H, Estiasari R, Imran D. Early detection of peripheral neuropathy using stimulated skin wrinkling test in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: a cross-sectional study. Med (United States). 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000011526.","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000011526"},{"issue":"8","key":"971_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007974","volume":"93","author":"JS Gewandter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gewandter JS, Gibbons CH, Campagnolo M, Lee J, Chaudari J, Ward N, et al. Clinician-rated measures for distal symmetrical axonal polyneuropathy: ACTTION systematic review. Neurology. 2019;93(8):346\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007974.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"971_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Phillips TJC, Cherry CL, Cox S, Marshall SJ, Rice ASC. Pharmacological treatment of painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS One. 2010;5(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0014433.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014433"},{"issue":"9","key":"971_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000063304.88470.D9","volume":"60","author":"DM Simpson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Simpson DM, McArthur JC, Olney R, et al. Lamotrigine for HIV-associated painful sensory neuropathies: a placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2003;60(9):1508\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000063304.88470.D9.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"10","key":"971_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-004-0529-6","volume":"251","author":"K Hahn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hahn K, Arendt G, Braun JS, Giesen HJ, Husstedt IW, Maschke M, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of gabapentin for painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathies. J Neurol. 2004;251(10):1260\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-004-0529-6.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"971_CR19","first-page":"E643","volume":"18","author":"NN Knezevic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knezevic NN, Candido KD, Rana S, Knezevic I. The use of spinal cord neuromodulation in the management of HIV-related polyneuropathy. Pain Physician. 2015;18(4):E643\u201350.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"issue":"4","key":"971_CR20","first-page":"5","volume":"9","author":"G Newshan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Newshan G. Pain management in HIV and AIDS. GMHC treat issues. 1995;9(4):5 10-2.","journal-title":"GMHC treat issues"},{"issue":"11","key":"971_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00918-7","volume":"11","author":"H Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun H, He M, Pang J, Guo X, Huo Y, Ma J. Continuous lumbar sympathetic blockade enhances the effect of lumbar sympatholysis on refractory diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11(11):2647\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-020-00918-7.","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"971_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ccc6ef","volume":"74","author":"DM Simpson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Simpson DM, Schifitto G, Clifford DB, Murphy TK, Durso-de Cruz E, Glue P, et al. Pregabalin for painful HIV neuropathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2010;74(5):413\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ccc6ef.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"6","key":"971_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.6.1682","volume":"51","author":"K Kieburtz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kieburtz K, Simpson D, Yiannoutsos C, Max MB, Hall CD, Ellis RJ, et al. A randomized trial of amitriptyline and mexiletine for painful neuropathy in HIV infection. AIDS Clinical Trial Group 242 Protocol Team. Neurology. 1998;51(6):1682\u20138 http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9855523.","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"971_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2091960","volume":"2019","author":"A Girach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Girach A, Julian TH, Varrassi G, Paladini A, Vadalouka A, Zis P. Quality of life in painful peripheral neuropathies: a systematic review. Pain Res Manag. 2019;2019:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/2091960.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"971_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Derry S, Bell RF, Straube S, Wiffen PJ, Aldington D, Moore RA. Pregabalin for neuropathic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;2019(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007076.pub3.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007076.pub3"},{"key":"971_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Amaniti A, Sardeli C, Fyntanidou V, Papakonstantinou P, Dalakakis I, Mylonas A, et al. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for hiv-neuropathy pain. A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Med. 2019;55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina55120762.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55120762"},{"key":"971_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000866","volume":"97","author":"SS Maharaj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maharaj SS, Yakasai AM. Does a rehabilitation program of aerobic and progressive resisted exercises influence HIV-induced distal neuropathic pain? Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;97:364\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PHM.0000000000000866.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"971_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-2014-0","volume":"22","author":"R Schnall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schnall R, Cho H, Mangone A, Pichon A, Jia H. Mobile health technology for improving symptom management in low income persons living with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2018;22(10):3373\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10461-017-2014-0.","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00971-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00971-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00971-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T15:31:47Z","timestamp":1627054307000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00971-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["971"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00971-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"55"}}