{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:09:23Z","timestamp":1790806163867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-021-00975-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T17:02:42Z","timestamp":1636045362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["A Review of Techniques of Intercostal Nerve Blocks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7919-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"Elkhashab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dajie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"975_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2007.11.058","volume":"85","author":"EH Williams","year":"2008","unstructured":"Williams EH, Williams CG, Rosson GD, Heitmiller RF, Dellon AL. Neurectomy for treatment of intercostal neuralgia. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85:1766\u201370.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"975_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60361-2","volume-title":"Essentials of interventional techniques in managing chronic pain: Springer International Publishing","author":"L Manchikanti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manchikanti L, Kaye AD, Falco FJE, Hirsch JA. Essentials of interventional techniques in managing chronic pain: Springer International Publishing; 2018."},{"key":"975_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2006.05.006","volume":"16","author":"RP Koehler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koehler RP, Keenan RJ. Management of postthoracotomy pain: acute and chronic. Thorac Surg Clin. 2006;16:287\u201397.","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"key":"975_CR4","unstructured":"Intercostal nerve block \u2013 landmarks and nerve stimulator technique. 2019\u00a0at Intercostal Nerve Block \u2013 Landmarks and Nerve Stimulator Technique. 2019"},{"key":"975_CR5","first-page":"91","volume":"18","author":"A Abd-Elsayed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abd-Elsayed A, Lee S, Jackson M. Radiofrequency ablation for treating resistant intercostal neuralgia. Ochsner J. 2018;18:91\u20133.","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"key":"975_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1994.80.6.0986","volume":"80","author":"RJ Stolker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stolker RJ, Vervest AC, Groen GJ. The treatment of chronic thoracic segmental pain by radiofrequency percutaneous partial rhizotomy. J Neurosurg. 1994;80:986\u201392.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"975_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(88)90136-4","volume":"3","author":"SD Waldman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Waldman SD, Feldstein GS, Donohoe CD, Waldman KA. The relief of body wall pain secondary to malignant hepatic metastases by intercostal nerve block with bupivacaine and methylprednisolone. J Pain Symptom Manag. 1988;3:39\u201343.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"975_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kopacz DJ, Thompson GE. Intercostal blocks for thoracic and abdominal surgery. Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manage. 1998;2:25\u20139","DOI":"10.1016\/S1084-208X(98)80007-4"},{"key":"975_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/61.2.169","volume":"61","author":"P Bunting","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bunting P, McGeachie JF. Intercostal nerve blockade producing analgesia after appendicectomy. Br J Anaesth. 1988;61:169\u201372.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"975_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-196201000-00001","volume":"41","author":"DC Moore","year":"1962","unstructured":"Moore DC, Bridenbaugh LD. Intercostal nerve block in 4333 patients: indications, technique, and complications. Anesth Analg. 1962;41:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"975_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e328348bf6f","volume":"17","author":"AM Ho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ho AM, Karmakar MK, Critchley LA. Acute pain management of patients with multiple fractured ribs: a focus on regional techniques. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2011;17:323\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"975_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1007\/s00101-013-2253-z","volume":"62","author":"D Ozkan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozkan D, Akkaya T, Karakoyunlu N, Ar\u0131k E, Ergil J, Koc Z, et al. Effect of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block on postoperative pain after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: prospective randomized controlled study. Anaesthesist. 2013;62:988\u201394.","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"975_CR13","volume-title":"Intercostal nerve block","author":"CS Baxter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baxter CS, Fitzgerald BM. Intercostal nerve block. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls; 2019."},{"key":"975_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/61.3.338","volume":"61","author":"PA Hardy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hardy PA. Anatomical variation in the position of the proximal intercostal nerve. Br J Anaesth. 1988;61:338\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"975_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2008.09.070","volume":"88","author":"BB Chaudhri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaudhri BB, Macfie A, Kirk AJ. Inadvertent total spinal anesthesia after intercostal nerve block placement during lung resection. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88:283\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"975_CR16","first-page":"536","volume":"51","author":"CM Shanti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shanti CM, Carlin AM, Tyburski JG. Incidence of pneumothorax from intercostal nerve block for analgesia in rib fractures. J Trauma. 2001;51:536\u20139.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"975_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198607000-00015","volume":"65","author":"IS Gauntlett","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gauntlett IS. Total spinal anesthesia following intercostal nerve block. Anesthesiology. 1986;65:82\u20134.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"975_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S63570","volume":"7","author":"L Gollapalli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gollapalli L, Muppuri R. Paraplegia after intercostal neurolysis with phenol. J Pain Res. 2014;7:665\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"975_CR19","first-page":"E219","volume":"17","author":"NR Kissoon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kissoon NR, Graff-Radford J, Watson JC, Laughin RS. Spinal cord injury from fluoroscopically guided intercostal blocks with phenol. Pain Physician. 2014;17:E219\u201324.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"975_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-018-0660-1","volume":"22","author":"D Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang D. Image guidance technologies for interventional pain procedures: ultrasound, fluoroscopy, and CT. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2018;22:6.","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"975_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03010552","volume":"35","author":"H Vaghadia","year":"1988","unstructured":"Vaghadia H, Jenkins LC. Use of a Doppler ultrasound stethoscope for intercostal nerve block. Can J Anaesth. 1988;35:86\u20139.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"975_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2009.00345.x","volume":"10","author":"H Shankar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shankar H, Eastwood D. Retrospective comparison of ultrasound and fluoroscopic image guidance for intercostal steroid injections. Pain Pract. 2010;10:312\u20137.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"975_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Park HS, Moon HI, Yoon SY. Effect of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block versus fluoroscopy-guided epidural nerve block in patients with thoracic herpes zoster: a comparative study. J Ultrasound Med. 2019;38:725\u201331\u00a0","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14758"},{"key":"975_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2217\/pmt.15.46","volume":"5","author":"S Korbe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Korbe S, Udoji EN, Ness TJ, Udoji MA. Ultrasound-guided interventional procedures for chronic pain management. Pain Manag. 2015;5:465\u201382.","journal-title":"Pain Manag"},{"key":"975_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1754-3207(08)70072-5","volume":"2","author":"M Curatolo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Curatolo M, Eichenberger U. Ultrasound in interventional pain management. European J Pain Supplements. 2008;2:78\u201383.","journal-title":"European J Pain Supplements"},{"key":"975_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatia A, Gofeld M, Ganapathy S, Hanlon J, Johnson M. Comparison of anatomic landmarks and ultrasound guidance for intercostal nerve injections in cadavers. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013;38:503\u20137\u00a0","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000006"},{"key":"975_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e31828f5ee4","volume":"117","author":"A Bhatia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhatia A, Brull R. Review article: is ultrasound guidance advantageous for interventional pain management? A systematic review of chronic pain outcomes. Anesth Analg. 2013;117:236\u201351.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"975_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26298","volume":"58","author":"AM Cappellari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cappellari AM, Tiberio F, Alicandro G, Spagnoli D, Grimoldi N. Intercostal neurolysis for the treatment of postsurgical thoracic pain: a case series. Muscle Nerve. 2018;58:671\u20135.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-021-00997-6","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637971200000}}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00975-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00975-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00975-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T09:27:13Z","timestamp":1639560433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00975-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["975"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00975-y","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s11916-021-00997-6","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2021","order":3,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":4,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":5,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00997-6","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-021-00997-6","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"67"}}