{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T07:09:09Z","timestamp":1793257749805,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-025-01382-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T08:57:29Z","timestamp":1742374649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ultrasound Guided Genicular Nerve Blocks for Pain Management Following Total Knee Replacement: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Upshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Tassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob M.","family":"Corrent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James V.","family":"D\u2019Antoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark V.","family":"Frolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahab","family":"Ahmadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirni","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raju","family":"Behara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpadevi","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Kataria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Shekoohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1382_CR1","unstructured":"Hsu H, Siwiec RM. Knee Arthroplasty. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK507914\/"},{"issue":"6S","key":"1382_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2023.03.077","volume":"38","author":"LL Nowak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nowak LL, Schemitsch EH. Trends in outpatient total knee arthroplasty from 2012 to 2020. J Arthroplasty. 2023;38(6S):S21\u20135.","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"1","key":"1382_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2489-y","volume":"471","author":"WL Healy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Healy WL, Della Valle CJ, Iorio R, Berend KR, Cushner FD, Dalury DF, et al. Complications of total knee arthroplasty: standardized list and definitions of the Knee Society. Clin Orthop. 2013;471(1):215\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"1382_CR4","first-page":"97","volume":"31","author":"KS Filos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Filos KS, Lehmann KA. Current concepts and practice in postoperative pain management: need for a change? Eur Surg Res Eur Chir Forsch Rech Chir Eur. 1999;31(2):97\u2013107.","journal-title":"Eur Surg Res Eur Chir Forsch Rech Chir Eur"},{"key":"1382_CR5","first-page":"769","volume":"58","author":"J Parvizi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Parvizi J, Porat M, Gandhi K, Viscusi ER, Rothman RH. Postoperative pain management techniques in hip and knee arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect. 2009;58:769\u201379.","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"1382_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lavand\u2019homme PM, Kehlet H, Rawal N, Joshi GP, Prospect Working Group of the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA). Pain management after total knee arthroplasty: PROcedure SPEcific Postoperative Pain ManagemenT recommendations. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2022 Sep 1;39(9):743\u201357.","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001691"},{"key":"1382_CR7","unstructured":"Nerve Block Anesthesia - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK431109\/"},{"issue":"12","key":"1382_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02291-y","volume":"41","author":"L Fonkou\u00e9","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fonkou\u00e9 L, Behets C, Kouassi J\u00c9K, Coyette M, Detrembleur C, Thienpont E, et al. Distribution of sensory nerves supplying the knee joint capsule and implications for genicular blockade and radiofrequency ablation: an anatomical study. Surg Radiol Anat SRA. 2019;41(12):1461\u201371.","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat SRA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1382_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37405","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.37405","volume":"14","author":"M Hasegawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hasegawa M, Singh D, Urits I, Pi M, Nakasone C, Viswanath O, et al. Review on nerve blocks utilized for perioperative total knee arthroplasty analgesia. Orthop Rev. 2022;14(3):37405.","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"1382_CR10","unstructured":"Kukreja P, Venter A, Mason L, Kofskey AM, Northern T, Naranje S, et al. Comparison of genicular nerve block in combination with adductor canal block in both primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective case series. Cureus. 13(7):e16712."},{"issue":"5","key":"1382_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104319","volume":"48","author":"SP Cohen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cohen SP, Mishra P, Wallace M, Sellers A, Veizi E, Hurley RW. Emperor\u2019s nakedness exposed: unmasking fairytales for genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation in knee osteoarthritis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2023;48(5):193\u20135.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"1382_CR12","unstructured":"IPACK Block Efficacy for Acute Pain Management after Total Knee Replacement: A Review | Current Pain and Headache Reports [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-024-01237-3"},{"key":"1382_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580289","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.580289","volume":"11","author":"N Ohashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ohashi N, Kohno T. Analgesic effect of acetaminophen: a review of known and novel mechanisms of action. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:580289.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1382_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"5. Vane JR. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs. Nat New Biol. 1971 Jun 23;231(25):232\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/newbio231232a0. Google Search [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=5.+Vane+JR.+Inhibition+of+prostaglandin+synthesis+as+a+mechanism+of+action+for+aspirin-like+drugs.+Nat+New+Biol.+1971+Jun+23%3B231(25)%3A232-5.+doi%3A+10.1038%2Fnewbio231232a0.+PMID%3A+5284360.&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8","DOI":"10.1038\/newbio231232a0"},{"key":"1382_CR15","unstructured":"Ghlichloo I, Gerriets V. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK547742\/"},{"key":"1382_CR16","unstructured":"Corticosteroids-Mechanisms of Action in Health and Disease - PMC [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4662771\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"1382_CR17","first-page":"131","volume":"5","author":"MR Rasouli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rasouli MR, Viscusi ER. Adductor canal block for knee surgeries: an emerging analgesic technique. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2017;5(3):131\u20132.","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"1382_CR18","unstructured":"Full article: Local infiltration analgesia: a technique for the control of acute postoperative pain following knee and hip surgery: A case study of 325 patients [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/17453670710014950"},{"key":"1382_CR19","unstructured":"Sykes Z, Pak A. Femoral Nerve Block. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 [cited 2025 Mar 2]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK546704\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"1382_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-018-2218-7","volume":"28","author":"SR Sankineani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sankineani SR, Reddy ARC, Eachempati KK, Jangale A, Gurava Reddy AV. Comparison of adductor canal block and IPACK block (interspace between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee) with adductor canal block alone after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective control trial on pain and knee function in immediate postoperative period. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol Orthop Traumatol. 2018;28(7):1391\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"1382_CR21","unstructured":"NYSORA. NYSORA. 2021 [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Genicular Nerve Blocks. Available from: https:\/\/www.nysora.com\/techniques\/lower-extremity\/nysora-com-genicular-nerve-blocks\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1382_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2021.08.034","volume":"11","author":"JA Gruskay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gruskay JA, Pearce SS, Ruttum D, Conrad ES, Hackett TR. Surgeon-administered anterolateral geniculate nerve block as an adjunct to regional anesthetic for pain management following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech. 2022;11(1):e1-6.","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech"},{"key":"1382_CR23","unstructured":"ASRA Pain Medicine [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 29]. How I Do It: Genicular Nerve Blocks for Acute Pain. Available from: https:\/\/www.asra.com\/news-publications\/asra-newsletter\/newsletter-item\/asra-news\/2022\/05\/01\/how-i-do-it-genicular-nerve-blocks-for-acute-pain"},{"key":"1382_CR24","unstructured":"Reduced Opioid Use After Surgeon-Administered Genicular Nerve Block for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adults and Adolescents - PubMed [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30863232\/"},{"key":"1382_CR25","unstructured":"Malik KN, Camp N, Chan J, Ballard M. Interventional techniques for the management of knee osteoarthritis: a literature review. Cureus. 15(10):e47133."},{"issue":"4","key":"1382_CR26","first-page":"E489","volume":"25","author":"YL Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan YL, Neo EJR, Wee TC. Ultrasound-guided genicular nerve blockade with pharmacological agents for chronic knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. Pain Physician. 2022;25(4):E489-502.","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"1382_CR27","unstructured":"Genicular Nerve Block for Pain Management in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial - Shanahan - 2023 - Arthritis & Rheumatology - Wiley Online Library [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/art.42384"},{"issue":"3","key":"1382_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463717730433","volume":"12","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmed A, Arora D. Ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves of knee for relief of intractable pain from knee osteoarthritis: a case series. Br J Pain. 2018;12(3):145\u201354.","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"1382_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e550","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2023.103","volume":"38","author":"S Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh S, Singh S, Nachimuthu M, Kassim AF, Bhullar AK, Veerakumaran R, et al. Effectiveness of ultrasound-guided versus anatomical landmark-guided genicular nerve block to treat chronic knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective cohort study. Oman Med J. 2023;38(5):e550.","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1382_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2020.33.3.258","volume":"33","author":"D Cankurtaran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cankurtaran D, Karaahmet OZ, Yildiz SY, Eksioglu E, Dulgeroglu D, Unlu E. Comparing the effectiveness of ultrasound guided versus blind genicular nerve block on pain, muscle strength with isokinetic device, physical function and quality of life in chronic knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomized controlled study. Korean J Pain. 2020;33(3):258\u201366.","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"1382_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2021.06.008","volume":"1","author":"JA Urban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Urban JA, Dolesh K, Martin E. A multimodal pain management protocol including preoperative cryoneurolysis for total knee arthroplasty to reduce pain, opioid consumption, and length of stay. Arthroplasty Today. 2021;1(10):87\u201392.","journal-title":"Arthroplasty Today"},{"issue":"11","key":"1382_CR32","first-page":"e19489","volume":"13","author":"N Cheppalli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheppalli N, Bhandarkar AW, Sambandham S, Oloyede SF. Safety and efficacy of genicular nerve radiofrequency ablation for management of painful total knee replacement: a systematic review. Cureus. 2021;13(11):e19489.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"27","key":"1382_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26527","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000026527","volume":"100","author":"JA Lim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lim JA, Lim H, Lee JH, Kwak SG, Kim JH, Song SY, et al. Local anesthetic volume in ultrasound-guided interscalene block and opioid consumption during shoulder arthroscopic surgery: a retrospective comparative study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(27):e26527.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1382_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferguson MD K, Kalia MD H MPH, FIPP, FACPM. Complications of Genicular Nerve Blocks and Ablations. In: Complications of Pain-Relieving Procedures [Internet]. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2022 [cited 2024 Sep 29]. p. 387\u201391. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/9781119757306.ch45","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119757306.ch45"},{"issue":"11","key":"1382_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S140550","volume":"25","author":"JE Feng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feng JE, Novikov D, Anoushiravani AA, Schwarzkopf R. Total knee arthroplasty: improving outcomes with a multidisciplinary approach. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2018;25(11):63\u201373.","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"3","key":"1382_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2024.45.3.20230432","volume":"45","author":"A D\u00fcndar","year":"2024","unstructured":"D\u00fcndar A, \u0130pek D, Yalva\u00e7 M, Kaya \u015e. Comparison of the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) block and the genicular nerve block in primary total knee arthroplasty: A prospective randomized trial. Saudi Med J. 2024;45(3):279\u201387.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"1382_CR37","unstructured":"Timed Up and Go | RehabMeasures Database [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2024 Sep 29]. Available from: https:\/\/www.sralab.org\/rehabilitation-measures\/timed-and-go"},{"key":"1382_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akesen S, Akesen B, At\u0131c\u0131 T, Gurbet A, Ermutlu C, \u00d6zyal\u00e7\u0131n A. Comparison of efficacy between the genicular nerve block and the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (IPACK) block for total knee replacement surgery: A prospective randomized controlled study. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 55(2):134\u201340.","DOI":"10.5152\/j.aott.2021.20187"},{"issue":"96","key":"1382_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111490","volume":"1","author":"X Xue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xue X, Lv X, Ma X, Zhou Y, Yu N. Postoperative pain relief after total knee arthroplasty: A Bayesian network meta-analysis and systematic review of analgesic strategies based on nerve blocks. J Clin Anesth. 2024;1(96):111490.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01382-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01382-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01382-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T21:04:02Z","timestamp":1771275842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01382-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01382-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"ADK is the Editor in Chief for CPHRs.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}],"article-number":"66"}}