{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:09:54Z","timestamp":1765804194440,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-025-01458-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:07:24Z","timestamp":1765804044000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks to Treat Head and Neck Cancer-Related Pain: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"suffix":"III","given":"Van S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se Yun","family":"Cheon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahab","family":"Ahmadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline R.","family":"Burroughs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiden B.","family":"De Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahar","family":"Shekoohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Abd-Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1458_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680309600804","volume":"96","author":"J Potter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Potter J, Higginson IJ, Scadding JW, Quigley C. Identifying neuropathic pain in patients with head and neck cancer: use of the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs scale. J R Soc Med. 2003;96(8):379\u201383. PMID: 12893852; PMCID: PMC539565.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"1458_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-3284-1-26","volume":"1","author":"JB Epstein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Epstein JB, Wilkie DJ, Fischer DJ, Kim YO, Villines D. Neuropathic and nociceptive pain in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Head Neck Oncol. 2009;1:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1758-3284-1-26. PMID: 19594943; PMCID: PMC2717963.","journal-title":"Head Neck Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1458_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00073-1","volume":"82","author":"A Caraceni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Caraceni A, Portenoy RK. An international survey of cancer pain characteristics and syndromes. IASP task force on cancer pain. International Association for the Study of Pain. Pain. 1999;82(3):263\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00073-1.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"1458_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00076-3","volume":"64","author":"S Grond","year":"1996","unstructured":"Grond S, Zech D, Diefenbach C, Radbruch L, Lehmann KA. Assessment of cancer pain: a prospective evaluation in 2266 cancer patients referred to a pain service. Pain. 1996;64(1):107\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00076-3.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"1458_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.009","volume":"152","author":"DK Lam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lam DK, Schmidt BL. Orofacial pain onset predicts transition to head and neck cancer. Pain. 2011;152(5):1206\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.009. Epub 2011 Mar 8. PMID: 21388740; PMCID: PMC3099418.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1458_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Byrd HF, Kohutek ZA. Painful Realities: Navigating the Complexities of Head and Neck Cancer Pain. Oral Dis. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/odi.15150.","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15150"},{"issue":"10289","key":"1458_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00392-5","volume":"397","author":"MA Fitzcharles","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fitzcharles MA, Cohen SP, Clauw DJ, Littlejohn G, Usui C, H\u00e4user W. Nociplastic pain: towards an understanding of prevalent pain conditions. Lancet. 2021;397(10289):2098\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00392-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1458_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722676","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.722676","volume":"2","author":"SE Niklander","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niklander SE, Murdoch C, Hunter KD. IL-1\/IL-1R Signaling in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Oral Health. 2021;2:722676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/froh.2021.722676.","journal-title":"Front Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1458_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-021-00131-7","volume":"13","author":"A Elmusrati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elmusrati A, Wang J, Wang CY. Tumor microenvironment and immune evasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Sci. 2021;13(1):24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41368-021-00131-7. PMID: 34341329; PMCID: PMC8329257.","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"issue":"9522","key":"1458_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68700-X","volume":"367","author":"H Kehlet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet. 2006;367(9522):1618\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68700-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"1458_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2014-0498-RA","volume":"139","author":"L Jimenez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jimenez L, Jayakar SK, Ow TJ, Segall JE. Mechanisms of invasion in head and neck cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015;139(11):1334\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/arpa.2014-0498-RA.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1458_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20365","volume":"28","author":"EL Rosenthal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosenthal EL, Matrisian LM. Matrix metalloproteases in head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2006;28(7):639\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hed.20365.","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"1458_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708974","DOI":"10.5402\/2012\/708974","volume":"2012","author":"JZ Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li JZ, Gao W, Chan JY, Ho WK, Wong TS. Hypoxia in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. ISRN Otolaryngol. 2012;2012:708974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5402\/2012\/708974. PMID: 23762617; PMCID: PMC3671689.","journal-title":"ISRN Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1458_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9675654","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9675654","volume":"2019","author":"A Kallurkar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kallurkar A, Kulkarni S, Delfino K, Ferraro D, Rao K. Characteristics of chronic pain among head and neck cancer patients treated with radiation therapy: A retrospective study. Pain Res Manag. 2019;2019:9675654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/9675654. PMID: 31198479; PMCID: PMC6526547.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"1458_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2015.11.010","volume":"99","author":"A Mirabile","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirabile A, Airoldi M, Ripamonti C, Bolner A, Murphy B, Russi E, et al. Pain management in head and neck cancer patients undergoing chemo- radiotherapy: clinical practical recommendations. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016;99:100\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2015.11.010.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1458_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-1075.84532","volume":"17","author":"SP Kumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumar SP. Cancer pain: a critical review of mechanism-based classification and physical therapy management in palliative care. Indian J Palliat Care. 2011;17(2):116\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0973-1075.84532.","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1458_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2739\/kurumemedj.MS651001","volume":"65","author":"J Iwanaga","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iwanaga J, Wilson C, Simonds E, Vetter M, Schmidt C, Yilmaz E, et al. Clinical anatomy of blockade of the pterygopalatine ganglion: literature review and pictorial tour using cadaveric images. Kurume Med J. 2018;65(1):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2739\/kurumemedj.MS651001. (Epub 2018 Aug 30. PMID: 30158355).","journal-title":"Kurume Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1458_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e212000","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2015-212000","volume":"12","author":"A White-Gibson","year":"2019","unstructured":"White-Gibson A, Lennon P, O\u2019Regan E, Timon C. More than Meets the eye. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(2):e212000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2015-212000. PMID: 30737321; PMCID: PMC6381965.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1458_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328014731c","volume":"15","author":"R Laskawi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Laskawi R, Ellies M. The role of botulinum toxin in the management of head and neck cancer patients. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;15(2):112\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOO.0b013e328014731c.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1458_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_39_17","volume":"23","author":"PR Sanghavi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sanghavi PR, Shah BC, Joshi GM. Home-based application of sphenopalatine ganglion block for head and neck cancer pain management. Indian J Palliat Care. 2017;23(3):282\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJPC.IJPC_39_17.","journal-title":"Indian J Palliat Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1458_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-00115550-199621010-00011","volume":"21","author":"E Saade","year":"1996","unstructured":"Saade E, Paige GB. Patient-administered sphenopalatine ganglion block. Reg Anesth. 1996;21(1):68\u201370.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth"},{"issue":"12","key":"1458_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001106","volume":"13","author":"I Pena","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pena I, Knoepfler ML, Irwin A, Zhu X, Kohan LR. Sphenopalatine ganglion blocks in the management of head and neck cancer-related pain: a case series. A&A Practice. 2019;13(12):450\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001106.","journal-title":"A&A Practice"},{"key":"1458_CR23","unstructured":"Alexander CE, Dua A, Sphenopalatine Ganglion B. 2022 Nov 16. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"1458_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.31486\/toj.18.0163","volume":"19","author":"R Tolba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tolba R, Weiss AL, Denis DJ. Sphenopalatine ganglion block and radiofrequency ablation: technical notes and efficacy. Ochsner J. 2019;19(1):32\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31486\/toj.18.0163.","journal-title":"Ochsner J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1458_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13035","volume":"57","author":"SJ Tepper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tepper SJ, Caparso A. Sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG): stimulation mechanism, safety, and efficacy. Headache. 2017;57(1):14\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13035.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"5","key":"1458_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2011.00507.x","volume":"12","author":"M Piagkou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Piagkou M, Demesticha T, Troupis T, Vlasis K, Skandalakis P, Makri A, et al. The pterygopalatine ganglion and its role in various pain syndromes: from anatomy to clinical practice. Pain Pract. 2012;12(5):399\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2011.00507.x.","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1458_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0826-y","volume":"18","author":"KWD Ho","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ho KWD, Przkora R, Kumar S. Sphenopalatine ganglion: block, radiofrequency ablation and neurostimulation - a systematic review. J Headache Pain. 2017;18(1):118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-017-0826-y. PMID: 29285576; PMCID: PMC5745368.","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1458_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.02.007","volume":"49","author":"M Busman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Busman M, Fleeger T, Leach E, Payne N, Nguyen A, Gray K, et al. Sphenopalatine ganglion block for the treatment of acute headache: an old treatment revisited. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;49:402\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.02.007.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1458_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/anr3.12101","volume":"1","author":"H Chua","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chua H, Loh L, Mok M. Transnasal sphenopalatine ganglion block for post-dural puncture headache and associated tinnitus. Anaesth Rep. 2021;1(1):37\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anr3.12101.","journal-title":"Anaesth Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1458_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01922","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001922","volume":"19","author":"MM Alseoudy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alseoudy MM. The Efficacy of Stellate Ganglion and Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks in Management of a Rare Case of Glossodynia: Burning Mouth Syndrome. A Pract. 2025;19(2):e01922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001922.","journal-title":"A Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1458_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e299","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000002280","volume":"44","author":"CY Lo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lo CY, Le S, Kim E. Sphenopalatine ganglion block for postdural puncture headaches in a thrombocytopenic adolescent young adult: a case report. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2022;44(1):e299\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPH.0000000000002280.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1458_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.16121","volume":"50","author":"MS Hara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hara MS, Furuya K, Kishida K, Yamashita S, Kobayashi S, Ogita K. Efficacy and potency of sphenopalatine ganglion block for the management of postdural puncture headaches in post-cesarean section: a case report and literature review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2024;50(12):2357\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.16121.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1458_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.11607\/ofph.2510","volume":"34","author":"K Yoshida","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoshida K. Sphenopalatine ganglion block with botulinum neurotoxin for treating trigeminal neuralgia using CAD\/CAM-derived injection guide. J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2020;34(2):135\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11607\/ofph.2510.","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"1458_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijoa.2020.10.002","volume":"45","author":"M Anthony Cometa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anthony Cometa M, Zasimovich Y, Smith CR. Percutaneous sphenopalatine ganglion block: an alternative to the transnasal approach. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2021;45:163\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijoa.2020.10.002.","journal-title":"Int J Obstet Anesth"},{"issue":"10","key":"1458_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01719","DOI":"10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001719","volume":"17","author":"NI Koenig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koenig NI, McGuire JA, Shackleford VP, Bauer K. Reactivation of herpes simplex virus following Sphenopalatine ganglion nerve block: case report and review of the literature. Pract. 2023;17(10):e01719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/XAA.0000000000001719. PMID: 37870295; PMCID: PMC10609693.","journal-title":"Pract"}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01458-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01458-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01458-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:07:25Z","timestamp":1765804045000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01458-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01458-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"ADK is the editor in chief for CPHRs.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11"}}