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Sanapati, MD, declare no conflict of interest. Dr. Alan D Kaye is the Editor-in-Chief of CPHRs. Dr. Abd-Elsayed receives consulting fees from Medtronic, Avanos, and Curonix. Dr. Soin has several patents in non-opioid pain pharmaceuticals and neuromodulation (SCS and PNS) and artificial intelligence, has stock options with Neuros Medical, has received equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services from Avanos for research and has other financial or nonfinancial interests with Alyea Therapeutics, Neuros Medical, Neuronoff, and Avanos.Dr. Hirsch receives grants or contracts from Neiman Health Policy Institute, is a consultant for Medtronic, Relievant, and Sanofi, and is the Chair CSMB of neurovascular studies for Balt: Rapid Medical. Alaa Abd-Elsayed, MD, is an editor of CPHRs.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"34"}}