{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T20:51:29Z","timestamp":1781643089840,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Yelp.com allows patients to review their experiences. Few studies have focused on dissatisfaction in pain medicine. This study aims to characterize one-star Yelp reviews of anesthesiology-trained pain physicians to better understand the scope and nature of extreme patient dissatisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non-clinical issues comprised the most complaints (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009927; 70%), while clinical concerns comprised 391 (30%). Office staff communication topped non-clinical complaints (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009200). Unsatisfactory results (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200990) topped clinical concerns. Eastern cities like Philadelphia, PA (53%) had the most one-star reviews, whereas Western cities such as Los Angeles, CA (21%) had the lowest. Solo practices were associated with a higher rate of one-star reviews (33%) than group practices (28%). Gender-based analysis showed that female-only practices received significantly more one-star reviews (mean\u2009=\u200912.17) compared to male-only (mean\u2009=\u20092.90) and mixed-gender (mean\u2009=\u20097.00) practices. Poisson regression analysis indicated a higher relative risk of one-star reviews for female providers (RR\u2009=\u20091.00 [ref]), with reduced risk for male providers (RR\u2009=\u20090.58) and increased risk for mixed-gender practices (RR\u2009=\u20091.40; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient dissatisfaction is most frequently due to non-clinical experiences. Regional factors, practice type, and physician gender demonstrated significant associations with patterns of patient dissatisfaction. Eastern cities exhibited higher rates of negative reviews. Solo practitioners appeared more susceptible to critical feedback. Female providers seemed to have a disproportionate number of one-star ratings. These trends may reflect underlying systemic and implicit biases and demonstrate vulnerabilities within specific practice models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-026-01471-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T05:46:20Z","timestamp":1773207980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond the Procedure: Non-Clinical Complaints and Gender Disparity Dominate One-Star Yelp Reviews of Pain Physicians"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Owens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaden","family":"Poulter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blaze","family":"Borowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarang","family":"Koushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar","family":"Viswanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Wilhelmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1471_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.08.009","volume":"8","author":"B Breuer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Breuer B, Pappagallo M, Tai JY, Portenoy RK. U.S. board-certified pain physician practices: uniformity and census data of their locations. J Pain. 2007;8(3):244\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.08.009.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"1471_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-7625.2004.00296.x","volume":"7","author":"N Kraetschmer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kraetschmer N, Sharpe N, Urowitz S, Deber RB. How does trust affect patient preferences for participation in decision-making? Health Expect. 2004;7:317\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1369-7625.2004.00296.x.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"2","key":"1471_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.3950","volume":"152","author":"RJ Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith RJ, Lipoff JB. Evaluation of Dermatology Practice Online Reviews: Lessons From Qualitative Analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2016;152(2):153\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.3950.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"1471_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100126","volume":"11","author":"JC Brinkman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brinkman JC, Pollock JR, Arthur JR, Smith J, Lin K, Chang MS. Characterizing negative reviews of orthopedic spine surgeons and practices. N Am Spine Soc J. 2022;11:100126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xnsj.2022.100126. Published 2022 May 21.","journal-title":"N Am Spine Soc J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1471_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artd.2019.02.009","volume":"5","author":"JR Arthur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arthur JR, Etzioni D, Schwartz AJ. Characterizing extremely negative reviews of total joint arthroplasty practices and surgeons on yelp.com. Arthroplast Today. 2019;5(2):216\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.artd.2019.02.009. Published 2019 Apr 10.","journal-title":"Arthroplast Today"},{"issue":"5","key":"1471_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.07.008","volume":"3","author":"JR Pollock","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pollock JR, Arthur JR, Smith JF, et al. The Majority of Complaints About Orthopedic Sports Surgeons on Yelp Are Nonclinical. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2021;3(5):e1465\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asmr.2021.07.008. Published 2021 Aug 18.","journal-title":"Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"1471_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.04.009","volume":"121","author":"RM Kinast","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kinast RM, Barker GT, Day SH, Gardiner SK, Mansberger SL. Factors related to online patient satisfaction with ophthalmologists. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(9):1843. 5.e1.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1471_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2022.2064193","volume":"37","author":"F Jacob","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jacob F, Smith AA, Shah MB, Qureshi HN, Luong O, Adeleye, Olufemi E, Adams, Joanne F, Shen. Characterizing Extremely Negative Reviews of Ophthalmologists on Yelp.Com. Semin Ophthalmol. 2022;37(5):661\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08820538.2022.2064193.","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101934","volume":"38","author":"JA Sturgeon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sturgeon JA, Cooley C, Minhas D. Practical approaches for clinicians in chronic pain management: Strategies and solutions. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2024;38(1):101934. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.berh.2024.101934.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1471_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saghafian S, Hopp WJ. 2019. The role of quality transparency in health care: Challenges and potential solutions. NAM Perspectives. Commentary, National Academy of Medicine, Washington, DC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31478\/201911a","DOI":"10.31478\/201911a"},{"key":"1471_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2147\/RMHP.S170381","volume":"12","author":"GP Murphy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Murphy GP, Radadia KD, Breyer BN. Online physician reviews: is there a place for them? Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2019;12:85\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/RMHP.S170381. Published 2019 May 15.","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"1471_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4993","volume":"152","author":"JB Ziemba","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ziemba JB, Allaf ME, Haldeman D. Consumer Preferences and Online Comparison Tools Used to Select a Surgeon. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(4):410\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4993.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1471_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e257","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150402-52","volume":"38","author":"C Frost","year":"2015","unstructured":"Frost C, Mesfin A. Online reviews of orthopedic surgeons: an emerging trend. Orthopedics. 2015;38(4):e257\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01477447-20150402-52.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1471_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00018","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00018-19","volume":"83","author":"RL Roper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roper RL. Does Gender Bias Still Affect Women in Science? Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2019;83(3):e00018\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.00018-19. Published 2019 Jul 17.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"1471_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.13843","volume":"26","author":"K Brucker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brucker K, Whitaker N, Morgan ZS, et al. Exploring Gender Bias in Nursing Evaluations of Emergency Medicine Residents. Acad Emerg Med. 2019;26(11):1266\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acem.13843.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1471_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2013.07.008","volume":"113","author":"G Damiani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Damiani G, Silvestrini G, Federico B, et al. A systematic review on the effectiveness of group versus single-handed practice. Health Policy. 2013;113(1\u20132):180\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthpol.2013.07.008.","journal-title":"Health Policy"}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01471-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01471-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01471-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:52:26Z","timestamp":1781639546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01471-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01471-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised to update the affiliation 2 to Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This project was reviewed and deemed exempt by the Institutional Review Board Creighton (IRB Exemption Reference Number 2005255).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"32"}}