{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1775815174528,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-026-01478-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:17:24Z","timestamp":1775812644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Buprenorphine Microinduction Treatment in Tri-Diagnosis Patients with Opioid Use Disorder and Chronic Non-Cancerous Pain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Austin","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anisa","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8828-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madelyn","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9890-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa","family":"Abd-Elsayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Spring","key":"1478_CR1","first-page":"1d","volume":"7","author":"SR Green","year":"2010","unstructured":"Green SR, Singh V, O\u2019Byrne W. Hope for New Jersey\u2019s city hospitals: the Camden Initiative. Perspect Health Inf Manag. 2010;7(Spring):1d.","journal-title":"Perspect Health Inf Manag"},{"key":"1478_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.05.001","volume":"57","author":"RE Clark","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clark RE, Baxter JD, Aweh G, O\u2019Connell E, Fisher WH, Barton BA. Risk factors for relapse and higher costs among Medicaid members with opioid dependence or abuse: opioid agonists, comorbidities, and treatment history. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2015;57:75\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.05.001.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/17523281.2011.608374","volume":"5","author":"MD Hampton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hampton MD, Chafetz L, Portillo C. Differences in substance-related risk behavior between dual and triple diagnosed severely mentally ill adults. Ment Health Subst Use Dual Diagn. 2012;5(1):52\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17523281.2011.608374.","journal-title":"Ment Health Subst Use Dual Diagn"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR4","first-page":"51","volume":"22","author":"J Wogen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wogen J, Restrepo MT. Human Rights, stigma, and substance use. Health Hum Rights. 2020;22(1):51\u201360.","journal-title":"Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1746","volume":"13","author":"U Emeche","year":"2015","unstructured":"Emeche U. Is a strategy focused on super-utilizers equal to the task of health care system transformation? Yes. Ann Fam Med. 2015;13(1):6\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1370\/afm.1746.","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1478_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2016.22.2.102","volume":"22","author":"D Pritchard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pritchard D, Petrilla A, Hallinan S, Taylor DH, Schabert VF, Dubois RW. What contributes most to high health care costs? Health care spending in high resource patients. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2016;22(2):102\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2016.22.2.102.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"issue":"S2","key":"1478_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S172","DOI":"10.1097\/DMP.0b013e3181c6b664","volume":"3","author":"AR Roszak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roszak AR, Jensen FR, Wild RE, Yeskey K, Handrigan MT. Implications of the emergency medical treatment and labor act (EMTALA) during public health emergencies and on alternate sites of care. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2009;3(S2):S172-5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DMP.0b013e3181c6b664.","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"key":"1478_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1490922","volume":"15","author":"WB Logge","year":"2024","unstructured":"Logge WB, Lee K, Yen CF. Editorial: dual disorders in addiction and mood disorders: comorbidity or specific diagnosis? Front Psychiatry. 2024;15:1490922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1490922.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"1478_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S222567","volume":"15","author":"G Milano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milano G, Vergani HM, Cattedra S, et al. Co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders: clinical survey among a rural cohort of Italian patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:3453\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S222567.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"1478_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107902","volume":"209","author":"WS John","year":"2020","unstructured":"John WS, Wu LT. Chronic non-cancer pain among adults with substance use disorders: prevalence, characteristics, and association with opioid overdose and healthcare utilization. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;209:107902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107902.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"10","key":"1478_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14302","volume":"64","author":"H Yazdanshenas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yazdanshenas H, Bazargan M, Smith J, Martins D, Motahari H, Orum G. Pain treatment among underserved older adult African Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2016;64(10):2116\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.14302.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1478_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S109919","volume":"7","author":"R H\u00e4mmig","year":"2016","unstructured":"H\u00e4mmig R, Kemter A, Strasser J, et al. Use of microdoses for induction of buprenorphine treatment with overlapping full opioid agonist use: the Bernese method. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2016;7:99\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/SAR.S109919.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Rehabil"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1478_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490490440780","volume":"13","author":"M Auriacombe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Auriacombe M, Fats\u00e9as M, Dubernet J, Daulou\u00e8de JP, Tignol J. French field experience with buprenorphine. Am J Addict. 2004;13(Suppl 1):S17\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10550490490440780.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"1478_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000864","volume":"16","author":"D Button","year":"2022","unstructured":"Button D, Hartley J, Robbins J, Levander XA, Smith NJ, Englander H. Low-dose buprenorphine initiation in hospitalized adults with opioid use disorder: a retrospective cohort analysis. J Addict Med. 2022;16(2):e105-11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000864.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"1478_CR15","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences E, Division H, Policy M, on HS B, Disorder C on MAT for, Mancher OU, Leshner M. AI. The Effectiveness of Medication-Based Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder. In: Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives. National Academies Press (US); 2019. Accessed December 31, 2025. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK541393\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"1478_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-021-01032-7","volume":"41","author":"JP De Aquino","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Aquino JP, Parida S, Sofuoglu M. The pharmacology of buprenorphine microinduction for opioid use disorder. Clin Drug Investig. 2021;41(5):425\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40261-021-01032-7.","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"issue":"10","key":"1478_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2021-103007","volume":"46","author":"L Kohan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kohan L, Potru S, Barreveld AM, et al. Buprenorphine management in the perioperative period: educational review and recommendations from a multisociety expert panel. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(10):840\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2021-103007.","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1478_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2011.01376.x","volume":"34","author":"KC Heslin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heslin KC, Singzon T, Aimiuwu O, Sheridan D, Hamilton A. From personal tragedy to personal challenge: responses to stigma among sober living home residents and operators. Sociol Health Illn. 2012;34(3):379\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2011.01376.x.","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"issue":"2","key":"1478_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-017-9784-y","volume":"14","author":"S Matthews","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matthews S, Dwyer R, Snoek A. Stigma and Self-Stigma in Addiction. J Bioethic Inq. 2017;14(2):275\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11673-017-9784-y.","journal-title":"J Bioethic Inq"},{"issue":"2","key":"1478_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.22122\/ahj.v10i2.561","volume":"10","author":"K Baptiste-Roberts","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baptiste-Roberts K, Hossain M. Socioeconomic Disparities and Self-reported Substance Abuse-related Problems. Addict Health. 2018;10(2):112\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22122\/ahj.v10i2.561.","journal-title":"Addict Health"},{"issue":"24","key":"1478_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416436","volume":"19","author":"A Raheemullah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raheemullah A, Benhamou OM, Kuo J, Lembke A. Buprenorphine Microdosing Cross Tapers: A Time for Change. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(24):16436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192416436.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1478_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106740","volume":"114","author":"J Moe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moe J, O\u2019Sullivan F, Hohl CM, et al. Short communication: Systematic review on effectiveness of micro-induction approaches to buprenorphine initiation. Addict Behav. 2021;114:106740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106740.","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"1478_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.46747\/cfp.6612891","volume":"66","author":"R Marwah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marwah R, Coons C, Myers J, Dumont Z. Buprenorphine-naloxon microdosing. Tool for opioid agonist therapy induction. Can Fam Physician. 2020;66(12):891\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46747\/cfp.6612891.","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"issue":"2S Suppl 1","key":"1478_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000633","volume":"14","author":"The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder","year":"2020","unstructured":"The ASAM National Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder. 2020 Focused Update. J Addict Med. 2020;14(2S Suppl 1):1\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000633.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"1478_CR25","unstructured":"Kumar R, Viswanath O, Saadabadi A. Buprenorphine. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Accessed January 6, 2026. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK459126\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-025-00548-z","volume":"20","author":"KK Adams","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adams KK, Waters K, Sobieraj DM. Initiating buprenorphine to treat opioid use disorder without prerequisite withdrawal: an updated systematic review. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2025;20(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13722-025-00548-z.","journal-title":"Addict Sci Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"1478_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-019-00637-z","volume":"33","author":"M Shulman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shulman M, Wai JM, Nunes EV. Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: an overview. CNS Drugs. 2019;33(6):567\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-019-00637-z.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"3","key":"1478_CR28","first-page":"258","volume":"23","author":"KL Reindel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reindel KL, DeAngelis MJ, Ferrara AS, et al. An Exploratory Study of Suboxone (Buprenorphine\/Naloxone) Film Splitting: Cutting Methods, Content Uniformity, and Stability. Int J Pharm Compd. 2019;23(3):258\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Compd"},{"key":"1478_CR29","unstructured":"Togioka BM, Patel P. Buprenorphine and Naloxone. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Accessed January 12, 2026. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK603725\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/pathophysiology30010004","volume":"30","author":"A Ordean","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ordean A, Tubman-Broeren M. Safety and efficacy of Buprenorphine-Naloxone in pregnancy: a systematic review of the literature. Pathophysiology. 2023;30(1):27\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathophysiology30010004.","journal-title":"Pathophysiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001042","volume":"17","author":"R Coish","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coish R, Hardial J. Successful buprenorphine\/naloxone low-dose induction in pregnancy: a case report. J Addict Med. 2023;17(1):114\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001042.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1478_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/00185787241301348","volume":"60","author":"ML Dermody","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dermody ML, Lemon S, Kingdon L, Ruekert L. A retrospective study on the continuation of buprenorphine in the perioperative setting. Hosp Pharm. 2025;60(3):253\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00185787241301348.","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"1478_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.01513","volume":"42","author":"B Andraka-Christou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andraka-Christou B, Simon KI, Bradford WD, Nguyen T. Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder: comparison of insurance restrictions, 2017\u201321: Study examines insurance restrictions on buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder. Health Aff (Millwood). 2023;42(5):658\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2022.01513.","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1478_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000745","volume":"15","author":"MB Weimer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weimer MB, Guerra M, Morrow G, Adams K. Hospital-based buprenorphine micro-dose initiation. J Addict Med. 2021;15(3):255\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000745.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1478_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-007-0046-2","volume":"9","author":"M Fatseas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fatseas M, Auriacombe M. Why buprenorphine is so successful in treating opiate addiction in France. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2007;9(5):358\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-007-0046-2.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1478_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/08897077231186212","volume":"44","author":"B Saloner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saloner B, Andraka-Christou B, Stein BD, Gordon AJ. Will the end of the X-waiver expand access to buprenorphine treatment? Achieving the full potential of the 2023 consolidated appropriations act. Subst Abuse. 2023;44(3):108\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08897077231186212.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse"},{"key":"1478_CR37","unstructured":"ACLP-How-To-Guide-Buprenorphine-Microinduction-2024.pdf - https:\/\/clpsychiatry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ACLP-How-To-Guide-Buprenorphine-Microinduction-2024.pdf. Accessed January 6, 2026. https:\/\/clpsychiatry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/ACLP-How-To-Guide-Buprenorphine-Microinduction-2024.pdf"},{"key":"1478_CR38","unstructured":"Herman TF, Cascella M, Muzio MR. Mu Receptors. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Accessed January 12, 2026. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK551554\/"},{"issue":"4","key":"1478_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159043359477","volume":"2","author":"K Lutfy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lutfy K, Cowan A. Buprenorphine: a unique drug with complex pharmacology. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2004;2(4):395\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159043359477.","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-020-00795-3","volume":"17","author":"RS Wightman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wightman RS, Perrone J, Scagos R, Krieger M, Nelson LS, Marshall BDL. Opioid overdose deaths with buprenorphine detected in postmortem toxicology: a retrospective analysis. J Med Toxicol. 2021;17(1):10\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13181-020-00795-3.","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"1478_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S85951","volume":"8","author":"IK Khanna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khanna IK, Pillarisetti S. Buprenorphine - an attractive opioid with underutilized potential in treatment of chronic pain. J Pain Res. 2015;8:859\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S85951.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"1478_CR42","unstructured":"Buprenorphine. (2012). In: LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012. Accessed January 8, 2026. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK548871\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.01.037","volume":"65","author":"H Samples","year":"2023","unstructured":"Samples H, Nowels M, Williams AR, Olfson M, Crystal S. Buprenorphine after non-fatal opioid overdose: reduced mortality risk in Medicare disability beneficiaries. Am J Prev Med. 2023;65(1):19\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.01.037.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"1478_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.3474","volume":"313","author":"G D\u2019Onofrio","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u2019Onofrio G, O\u2019Connor PG, Pantalon MV, et al. Emergency department\u2013initiated buprenorphine\/naloxone treatment for opioid dependence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(16):1636\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.3474.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1478_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0740-5472(03)00026-6","volume":"24","author":"SG Kertesz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kertesz SG, Horton NJ, Friedmann PD, Saitz R, Samet JH. Slowing the revolving door: stabilization programs reduce homeless persons\u2019 substance use after detoxification. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003;24(3):197\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0740-5472(03)00026-6.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1478_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.100","volume":"154","author":"MJ Christie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Christie MJ. Cellular neuroadaptations to chronic opioids: tolerance, withdrawal and addiction. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;154(2):384\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjp.2008.100.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1478_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718811060","volume":"28","author":"S Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang S. Historical review: opiate addiction and opioid receptors. Cell Transpl. 2019;28(3):233\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0963689718811060.","journal-title":"Cell Transpl"},{"key":"1478_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00280","volume":"5","author":"S Allouche","year":"2014","unstructured":"Allouche S, Noble F, Marie N. Opioid receptor desensitization: mechanisms and its link to tolerance. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2014.00280.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"20","key":"1478_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505183322008","volume":"332","author":"GP Chrousos","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chrousos GP. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(20):1351\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199505183322008.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR50","first-page":"20","volume":"109","author":"S Colameco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Colameco S, Coren JS. Opioid-induced endocrinopathy. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2009;109(1):20\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"issue":"3, Supplement 1","key":"1478_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.12.001","volume":"126","author":"MJ Brennan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brennan MJ. The Effect of Opioid Therapy on Endocrine Function. Am J Med. 2013;126(3, Supplement 1):S12\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.12.001.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1478_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-013-1091-3","volume":"38","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Leri F, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by acute heroin challenge in rats during acute and chronic withdrawal from chronic heroin administration. Neurochem Res. 2013;38(9):1850\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-013-1091-3.","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1478_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4179(84)90081-7","volume":"5","author":"MJ Kreek","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kreek MJ, Ragunath J, Plevy S, Hamer D, Schneider B, Hartman N. ACTH, cortisol and \u03b2-endorphin response to metyrapone testing during chronic methadone maintenance treatment in humans. Neuropeptides. 1984;5(1\u20133):277\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0143-4179(84)90081-7.","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"issue":"2","key":"1478_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.12.010","volume":"24","author":"V Milivojevic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Milivojevic V, Sinha R. Central and peripheral biomarkers of stress response for addiction risk and relapse vulnerability. Trends Mol Med. 2018;24(2):173\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2017.12.010.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"1478_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7341","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3723-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"MS Virk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Virk MS, Arttamangkul S, Birdsong WT, Williams JT. Buprenorphine is a weak partial agonist that inhibits opioid receptor desensitization. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 2009;29(22):7341\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3723-08.2009.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-019-00143-6","volume":"9","author":"J Gudin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gudin J, Fudin J. A narrative pharmacological review of buprenorphine: a unique opioid for the treatment of chronic pain. Pain Ther. 2020;9(1):41\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-019-00143-6.","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"1478_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2017_42","volume":"247","author":"IJ Dripps","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dripps IJ, Jutkiewicz EM. Delta opioid receptors and modulation of mood and emotion. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2018;247:179\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/164_2017_42.","journal-title":"Handb Exp Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1478_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-018-0094-5","volume":"24","author":"J Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma J, Bao YP, Wang RJ, et al. Effects of medication-assisted treatment on mortality among opioids users: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24(12):1868\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-018-0094-5.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"1478_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-024-01989-6","volume":"53","author":"KM Peviani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peviani KM, Clinchard C, Bickel WK, Casas B, Kim-Spoon J. Longitudinal associations among socioeconomic status, delay discounting, and substance use in adolescence. J Youth Adolesc. 2024;53(12):2706\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-024-01989-6.","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"10118","key":"1478_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32812-X","volume":"391","author":"JD Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee JD, Nunes EV, Novo P, et al. Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2018;391(10118):309\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32812-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"7","key":"1478_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14180","volume":"113","author":"BP Jarvis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jarvis BP, Holtyn AF, Subramaniam S, et al. Extended-release injectable naltrexone for opioid use disorder: a systematic review. Addiction. 2018;113(7):1188\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14180.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"12","key":"1478_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.121","volume":"68","author":"RD Weiss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weiss RD, Potter JS, Fiellin DA. Adjunctive counseling during brief and extended buprenorphine-naloxone treatment for prescription opioid dependence: a 2-phase randomized controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(12):1238\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.121.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1478_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.12.982","volume":"125","author":"LM Stutius","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stutius LM, Pessach I, Lee J, et al. Sublingual desensitization for buprenorphine hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(4):938\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.12.982.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1478_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2009.00007.x","volume":"19","author":"N Lintzeris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lintzeris N, Nielsen S. Benzodiazepines, methadone and buprenorphine: interactions and clinical management. Am J Addict. 2010;19(1):59\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2009.00007.x.","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"5","key":"1478_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14886","volume":"115","author":"TW Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park TW, Larochelle MR, Saitz R, Wang N, Bernson D, Walley AY. Associations between prescribed benzodiazepines, overdose death and buprenorphine discontinuation among people receiving buprenorphine. Addict Abingdon Engl. 2020;115(5):924\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14886.","journal-title":"Addict Abingdon Engl"},{"issue":"4","key":"1478_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e265","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000922","volume":"16","author":"NB Varshneya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Varshneya NB, Thakrar AP, Hobelmann JG, Dunn KE, Huhn AS. Evidence of buprenorphine-precipitated withdrawal in persons who use fentanyl. J Addict Med. 2022;16(4):e265-8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000922.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1478_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490902925490","volume":"18","author":"J Chun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chun J, Haug NA, Guydish JR, Sorensen JL, Delucchi K. Cigarette smoking among opioid-dependent clients in a therapeutic community. Am J Addict Am Acad Psychiatr Alcohol Addict. 2009;18(4):316\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10550490902925490.","journal-title":"Am J Addict Am Acad Psychiatr Alcohol Addict"},{"key":"1478_CR68","unstructured":"Prevalence of comorbid. substance use disorders among people with opioid use disorder: A systematic review & meta-analysis - PubMed - https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38677160\/. Accessed January 12, 2026. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38677160\/"},{"issue":"6","key":"1478_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/897491","volume":"20","author":"JL Wilson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilson JL, Poulin PA, Sikorski R, Nathan HJ, Taljaard M, Smyth C. Opioid use among same-day surgery patients: prevalence, management and outcomes. Pain Res Manag J Can Pain Soc. 2015;20(6):300\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/897491.","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag J Can Pain Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1478_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e740","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005767","volume":"278","author":"AC Fernandez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernandez AC, Waljee JF, Gunaseelan V, Brummett CM, Englesbe MJ, Bicket MC. Prevalence of unhealthy substance use and associated characteristics among patients presenting for surgery. Ann Surg. 2023;278(4):e740-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005767.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1478_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6505","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S543280","volume":"18","author":"LV Doan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Doan LV, Hung AM, Williams NT, Olfson M, Rudolph KE. Risk of opioid use disorder in surgical patients with Medicaid and associations with prescription opioid dose and duration. J Pain Res. 2025;18:6505\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S543280.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"1478_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.09.003","volume":"74","author":"SM Silverstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Silverstein SM, Daniulaityte R, Martins SS, Miller SC, Carlson RG. Everything is not right anymore buprenorphine experiences in an era of illicit fentanyl. Int J Drug Policy. 2019;74:76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.09.003.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"1478_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108147","volume":"214","author":"AS Huhn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huhn AS, Hobelmann JG, Oyler GA, Strain EC. Protracted renal clearance of fentanyl in persons with opioid use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;214:108147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108147.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"2","key":"1478_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.01.013","volume":"79","author":"F Termorshuizen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Termorshuizen F, Krol A, Prins M, Geskus R, van den Brink W, van Ameijden EJC. Prediction of relapse to frequent heroin use and the role of methadone prescription: an analysis of the Amsterdam Cohort Study among drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005;79(2):231\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.01.013.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"1478_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001157","volume":"35","author":"SL Burns","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burns SL, Majdak P, Urman RD. Perioperative anesthetic management of opioid tolerant patients and patients with active and medically treated opioid use disorder (OUD). Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2022;35(4):514\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001157.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"1478_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome after Methadone or Buprenorphine Exposure | New England Journal of Medicine. Accessed January 12. 2026. https:\/\/www-nejm-org.ezproxy.library.wisc.edu\/doi\/full\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa1005359","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1005359"},{"issue":"3","key":"1478_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246290","volume":"119","author":"SL Walsh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Walsh SL, June HL, Schuh KJ, Preston KL, Bigelow GE, Stitzer ML. Effects of buprenorphine and methadone in methadone-maintained subjects. Psychopharmacology. 1995;119(3):268\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02246290.","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1478_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000855","volume":"16","author":"N Lintzeris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lintzeris N, Mankabady B, Rojas-Fernandez C, Amick H. Strategies for transfer from methadone to buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorders and associated outcomes: a systematic review. J Addict Med. 2022;16(2):143\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000855.","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"key":"1478_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1081\/ja-120017380","volume":"38","author":"T Blanchon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Blanchon T, Boissonnas A, Vareseon I, Vidal-Trecan G. Homelessness and high-dosage buprenorphine misuse. Subst Use Misuse. 2003;38:429\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1081\/ja-120017380.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"4","key":"1478_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.002","volume":"26","author":"M Galanter","year":"2004","unstructured":"Galanter M, Dermatis H, Glickman L, et al. Network therapy: decreased secondary opioid use during buprenorphine maintenance. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2004;26(4):313\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsat.2004.03.002.","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"3","key":"1478_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1","volume":"71","author":"D Dowell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, Baldwin GT, Chou R. CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain \u2014 United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2022;71(3):1\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1478_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael051","volume":"96","author":"A Dahan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dahan A, Yassen A, Romberg R, et al. Buprenorphine induces ceiling in respiratory depression but not in analgesia. Br J Anaesth. 2006;96(5):627\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/ael051.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01478-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01478-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01478-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T09:17:31Z","timestamp":1775812651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01478-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01478-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Alaa Abd-Elsayed is an Editorial Board Member of Pain and Therapy. Alaa Abd-Elsayed was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Alaa Abd-Elsayed is also a consultant for Medtronic, Curonix, Avanos, and Averitas. Paul Lynch, Austin Murphy, Anisa Syed, and Madelyn Reilly have no disclosures to report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"39"}}