{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T07:01:50Z","timestamp":1780038110700,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Pain Headache Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-026-01515-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:03:51Z","timestamp":1780034631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pediatric Headache in the Age of Social Media: A Topical Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Pickup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrinmayee","family":"Takle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Langdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1515_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03793.x","volume":"52","author":"I Abu-Arafeh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abu-Arafeh I, Razak S, Sivaraman B, Graham C. Prevalence of headache and migraine in children and adolescents: a systematic review of population-based studies. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52(12):1088\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03793.x.","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1515_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13625","volume":"59","author":"M Oskoui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oskoui M, Pringsheim T, Billinghurst L, Potrebic S, Gersz EM, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: Pharmacologic treatment for pediatric migraine prevention: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Headache. 2019;59(8):1144\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13625.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"10127","key":"1515_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30478-1","volume":"391","author":"DW Dodick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dodick DW, Migraine. Lancet. 2018;391(10127):1315\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30478-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1515_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.05.019","volume":"146","author":"M Canfora","year":"2023","unstructured":"Canfora M, Pallotto IK, Davis JK, Farley S, Khayata MJ, Hornik CP, et al. More Than a Headache: Lived Experience of Migraine in Youth. Pediatr Neurol. 2023;146:79\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2023.05.019.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"1515_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fiore M, Arena D, Crisafi V, Grieco V, Palella M, Timperanza C, et al. Digital devices use and sleep in adolescents: an umbrella review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2025;22(10):1517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph22101517","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph22101517"},{"issue":"12","key":"1515_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.3940","volume":"176","author":"K Falla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Falla K, Kuziek J, Mahnaz SR, Noel M, Ronksley PE, Orr SL. Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Disorders in Children and Adolescents With Migraine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176(12):1176\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.3940.","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"1515_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14797","volume":"64","author":"TJ Schwedt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schwedt TJ, Pradhan AA, Oshinsky ML, Brin MF, Rosen H, Lalvani N, et al. The headache research priorities: Research goals from the American Headache Society and an international multistakeholder expert group. Headache. 2024;64(8):912\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14797.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"1515_CR8","unstructured":"Center PR. Teens, Social Media and AI Chatbots 2025. 2025."},{"key":"1515_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845","volume-title":"The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design","author":"U Bronfenbrenner","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bronfenbrenner U. The ecology of human development: experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; 1979."},{"issue":"1","key":"1515_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-025-01444-6","volume":"30","author":"R Langdon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Langdon R, Gioia G, Law E. Digital Media Use in Adolescents with Migraine: A Topical Review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2025;30(1):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-025-01444-6.","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"1515_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Munzer T, Milkovich LM, Madigan S, Tomopoulos S, Parga-Belinkie J, Ajumobi T et al. Digital ecosystems, children, and adolescents: technical report. Pediatrics. 2026;157(2):e2025075321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2025-075321","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-075321"},{"key":"1515_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1002\/jad.12321","volume":"96","author":"A Khan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khan A, Thomas G, Karatela S, Morawska A, Werner-Seidler A. Intense and problematic social media use and sleep difficulties of adolescents in 40 countries. J Adolesc. 2024;96:1116\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jad.12321.","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1515_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3390\/children13010051","volume":"13","author":"A Ndubisi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Ndubisi A, Agyapong-Opoku F, Agyapong B. Social Media Use and Sleep Quality in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review of Reviews. Children. 2026;13(1):51.","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"1515_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Olivares-Guido CM, Tafoya SA, Aburto-Arciniega MB, Guerrero-L\u00f3pez B, Diaz-Olavarrieta C. Problematic use of smartphones and social media on sleep quality of high school students in Mexico City. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21(9):1177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph21091177","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph21091177"},{"key":"1515_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Delogu F, Morgan-Paisley K, Del Gatto C, Indraccolo A, Pedale T. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of social media: A cross-national comparison. Acta Psychol. 2025;255:104888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2025.104888"},{"issue":"3","key":"1515_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0248384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248384","volume":"16","author":"A Masciantonio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Masciantonio A, Bourguignon D, Bouchat P, Balty M, Rim\u00e9 B. Don\u2019t put all social network sites in one basket: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and their relations with well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(3):e0248384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0248384.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"10\u201311","key":"1515_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738221114240","volume":"37","author":"M DiSabella","year":"2022","unstructured":"DiSabella M, Pierce E, McCracken E, Ratnaseelan A, Vilardo L, Borner K, et al. Pediatric Headache Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Child Neurol. 2022;37(10\u201311):871\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08830738221114240.","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1515_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00211-3","volume":"21","author":"EK Seng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seng EK, Martin PR, Houle TT. Lifestyle factors and migraine. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(10):911\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00211-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1515_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14674","volume":"64","author":"RL Langdon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Langdon RL, DiSabella MT, Strelzik JA. Screen time and pediatric headache: A scoping review of the literature. Headache. 2024;64(2):211\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14674.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"1515_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22255-9","volume":"25","author":"A Cs\u00e1ti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cs\u00e1ti A, Horv\u00e1th F, Szok D, Tibold A, Radvanyi I, Fejes E, et al. Internet use May be associated with the severity of headache in migraine patients: results from a Hungarian tertiary headache center. BMC Public Health. 2025;25(1):1036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-025-22255-9.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1515_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465161","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/465161","volume":"2013","author":"SA Al-Dubai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Dubai SA, Ganasegeran K, Al-Shagga MA, Yadav H, Arokiasamy JT. Adverse health effects and unhealthy behaviors among medical students using Facebook. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:465161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/465161.","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"1515_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Corr\u00eaa Rangel T, Falc\u00e3o Raposo MC, Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA, Corr\u00eaa Rangel T, Falc\u00e3o Raposo MC, Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA. Internet addiction, headache, and insomnia in university students: a cross-sectional study. Neurol Sci 2021;43(2):1035\u20131041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-021-05377-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05377-x"},{"key":"1515_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nilsen SA, Stormark KM, Heradstveit O, Breivik K. Trends in physical health complaints among adolescents from 2014\u20132019: Considering screen time, social media use, and physical activity. SSM - Popul Health. 2023;22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101394.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2023.101394"},{"issue":"4","key":"1515_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.4415\/ANN_20_04_16","volume":"56","author":"C Marino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marino C, Lenzi M, Canale N, Pierannunzio D, Dalmasso P, Borraccino A, et al. Problematic social media use: associations with health complaints among adolescents. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2020;56(4):514\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4415\/ANN_20_04_16.","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"issue":"2","key":"1515_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-019-01220-5","volume":"121","author":"I Mlinarevic-Polic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mlinarevic-Polic I, Kuzman Z, Aleric I, Katalinic D, Vcev A, Duranovic V. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of primary headaches in adolescent population: is there a relationship with the way of life? Acta Neurol Belg. 2021;121(2):473\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-019-01220-5.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"1515_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Humberg C, Ne\u00df V, Rau LM, Wager J. Is there a long-term link between digital media use and adolescent headaches? a longitudinal school-based study. Child (Basel). 2024;11(12):1549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children11121549","DOI":"10.3390\/children11121549"},{"issue":"6","key":"1515_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-022-04114-2","volume":"89","author":"A Gautam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gautam A, Yadav A, Mittal A, Arya V, Kaushik JS. Internet Addiction and Screen Time Exposure Among Children with Migraine. Indian J Pediatr. 2022;89(6):627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12098-022-04114-2.","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"1515_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102417738202.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"issue":"3","key":"1515_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15709","volume":"117","author":"M Boniel-Nissim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boniel-Nissim M, van den Eijnden RJJM, Finkenauer C. Cross-national validation of the social media disorder scale: findings from adolescents from 44 countries. Addiction. 2022;117(3):784\u201395.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"1515_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291743","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/291743","volume":"2015","author":"J Al-Menayes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Menayes J. Psychometric Properties and Validation of the Arabic Social Media Addiction Scale. J Addict. 2015;2015:291743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/291743.","journal-title":"J Addict"},{"key":"1515_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moreno MA, Radesky J, Walsh MC, Tomopoulos S. The family media plan. Pediatrics. 2024;154(6):e2024067417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2024-067417","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-067417"},{"issue":"10","key":"1515_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30186-5","volume":"3","author":"RM Viner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viner RM, Gireesh A, Stiglic N, Hudson LD, Goddings AL, Ward JL, et al. Roles of cyberbullying, sleep, and physical activity in mediating the effects of social media use on mental health and wellbeing among young people in England: a secondary analysis of longitudinal data. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019;3(10):685\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30186-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"1515_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01678.x","volume":"28","author":"E Varkey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Varkey E, Hagen K, Zwart JA, Linde M. Physical activity and headache: results from the Nord-Tr\u00f8ndelag Health Study (HUNT). Cephalalgia. 2008;28(12):1292\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01678.x.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"1515_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.018","volume":"306","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yang SX, Wang L, Han LH, Wu XY. The influence of sedentary behaviour on mental health among children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Affect Disord. 2022;306:90\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2022.03.018.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1515_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e209160","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209160","volume":"102","author":"C Nilles","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nilles C, Williams JV, Patten SB, Pringsheim TM, Orr SL. Lifestyle Factors Associated With Frequent Recurrent Headaches in Children and Adolescents: A Canadian Population-Based Study. Neurology. 2024;102(6):e209160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209160.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1515_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.15070","author":"DC Ogrezeanu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ogrezeanu DC, N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Cort\u00e9s R, Salazar-M\u00e9ndez J, Cuyul-V\u00e1squez I, L\u00f3pez-Bueno R, Ferrer-Sargues FJ, et al. How much aerobic exercise is needed to reduce migraine? A dose-response meta-analysis of pain intensity and frequency. Headache. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.15070.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"2","key":"1515_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13373","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13373","volume":"23","author":"LB Azevedo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Azevedo LB, Stephenson J, Ells L, Adu-Ntiamoah S, DeSmet A, Giles EL, et al. The effectiveness of e-health interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2022;23(2):e13373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13373.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"1515_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.04.001","volume":"148","author":"JRD McIntosh","year":"2017","unstructured":"McIntosh JRD, Jay S, Hadden N, Whittaker PJ. Do E-health interventions improve physical activity in young people: a systematic review. Public Health. 2017;148:140\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.04.001.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1515_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5866","volume":"12","author":"S Paruthi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paruthi S, Brooks LJ, D\u2019Ambrosio C, Hall WA, Kotagal S, Lloyd RM, et al. Recommended Amount of Sleep for Pediatric Populations: A Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016;12(6):785\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.5866.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1515_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.04.001","volume":"10","author":"L Hartstein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hartstein L, Hale L, Chang AM, Cain N, Gradisar M, Short MA, et al. The impact of screen use on sleep health across the lifespan: A National Sleep Foundation consensus statement. Sleep Health. 2024;10(4):373\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.04.001.","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1515_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002811","volume":"164","author":"MR Irwin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Irwin MR, Olmstead R, Bjurstrom MF, Finan PH, Smith MT. Sleep disruption and activation of cellular inflammation mediate heightened pain sensitivity: a randomized clinical trial. Pain. 2023;164(5):1128\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002811.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"1515_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.032","volume":"72","author":"L Hale","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hale L, Hartstein LE, Ceranoglu TA. Social Media and Sleep Health. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2025;72(2):165\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2024.07.032.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"1515_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106270","volume":"141","author":"IE Thorisdottir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thorisdottir IE, Sigurvinsdottir R, Kristjansson AL, Allegrante JP, Lilly CL, Sigfusdottir ID. Longitudinal association between social media use and psychological distress among adolescents. Prev Med. 2020;141:106270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ypmed.2020.106270.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1515_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2325","volume":"76","author":"KE Riehm","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riehm KE, Feder KA, Tormohlen KN, Crum RM, Young AS, Green KM, et al. Associations Between Time Spent Using Social Media and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among US Youth. JAMA Psychiatry. 2019;76(12):1266\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2325.","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1515_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2511704","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.11704","volume":"8","author":"JM Nagata","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nagata JM, Otmar CD, Shim J, Balasubramanian P, Cheng CM, Li EJ, et al. Social Media Use and Depressive Symptoms During Early Adolescence. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(5):e2511704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.11704.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"1515_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu M, Kamper-DeMarco KE, Zhang J, Xiao J, Dong D, Xue P. Time spent on social media and risk of depression in adolescents: a dose-response meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(9):5164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19095164","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095164"},{"key":"1515_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105085","volume":"147","author":"TFA Fran\u00e7a","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7a TFA, Pompeia S. Reappraising the role of dopamine in adolescent risk-taking behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023;147:105085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105085.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1515_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2021.101997","volume":"201","author":"AC Parr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parr AC, Calabro F, Larsen B, Tervo-Clemmens B, Elliot S, Foran W, et al. Dopamine-related striatal neurophysiology is associated with specialization of frontostriatal reward circuitry through adolescence. Prog Neurobiol. 2021;201:101997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2021.101997.","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"34","key":"1515_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7420","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3508-17.2018","volume":"38","author":"VP Murty","year":"2018","unstructured":"Murty VP, Shah H, Montez D, Foran W, Calabro F, Luna B. Age-Related Trajectories of Functional Coupling between the VTA and Nucleus Accumbens Depend on Motivational State. J Neurosci. 2018;38(34):7420\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3508-17.2018.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1515_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.015","volume":"70","author":"TL Doremus-Fitzwater","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doremus-Fitzwater TL, Spear LP. Reward-centricity and attenuated aversions: An adolescent phenotype emerging from studies in laboratory animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;70:121\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.015.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"1515_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001531","volume":"160","author":"KP Peng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peng KP, May A. Migraine understood as a sensory threshold disease. Pain. 2019;160(7):1494\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001531.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"1515_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20052-4","volume":"24","author":"GJ Hjetland","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hjetland GJ, Finser\u00e5s TR, Sivertsen B, Colman I, Hella RT, Andersen AIO, et al. Digital self-presentation and adolescent mental health: Cross-sectional and longitudinal insights from the LifeOnSoMe-study. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):2635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-20052-4.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1515_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.11.031","volume":"195","author":"JL Freeman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freeman JL, Caldwell PHY, Bennett PA, Scott KM. How adolescents search for and appraise online health information: a systematic Review. J Pediatr. 2018;195:244\u201355.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.11.031.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1515_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40461","DOI":"10.2196\/40461","volume":"25","author":"P Goadsby","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goadsby P, de la Ruiz E, Constantin L, Amand C. Social Media Listening and Digital Profiling Study of People With Headache and Migraine: Retrospective Infodemiology Study. J Med Internet Res. 2023;25:e40461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/40461.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"1515_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e44656","DOI":"10.2196\/44656","volume":"25","author":"N Bizzotto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bizzotto N, Schulz PJ, de Bruijn GJ. The Loci of Misinformation and Its Correction in Peer- and Expert-Led Online Communities for Mental Health: Content Analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2023;25:e44656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/44656.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1515_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420943891","volume":"40","author":"H Saffi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saffi H, Do TP, Hansen JM, Dodick DW, Ashina M. The migraine landscape on YouTube: A review of YouTube as a source of information on migraine. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(12):1363\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102420943891.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"7","key":"1515_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13818","volume":"60","author":"A Russo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Russo A, Lavorgna L, Silvestro M, Abbadessa G, Bisecco A, Trojsi F, et al. Readability Analysis of Online Headache and Migraine Information. Headache. 2020;60(7):1317\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13818.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"1515_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-023-03196-5","volume":"23","author":"TP Do","year":"2023","unstructured":"Do TP, Andreou AP, de Oliveira AB, Shapiro RE, Lampl C, Amin FM. The increasing role of electronic media in headache. BMC Neurol. 2023;23(1):194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-023-03196-5.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1515_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30409","DOI":"10.2196\/30409","volume":"23","author":"W Kong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong W, Song S, Zhao YC, Zhu Q, Sha L. TikTok as a Health Information Source: Assessment of the Quality of Information in Diabetes-Related Videos. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(9):e30409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/30409. https:\/\/www.jmirorg\/2021\/9\/e30409. 2021-09-01;23(.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1515_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23463","volume":"54","author":"SSC Herrick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herrick SSC, Hallward L, Duncan LR. This is just how I cope: An inductive thematic analysis of eating disorder recovery content created and shared on TikTok using #EDrecovery. Int J Eat Disord. 2020;54(4):516\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23463.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"1515_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053241272205","volume":"30","author":"E Butel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Butel E, Owen C. Educators, warriors and reformers: A thematic analysis of how ostomates portray themselves on TikTok. J Health Psychol. 2025;30(7):1638\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13591053241272205.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1515_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e93","DOI":"10.36849\/jdd.7738","volume":"23","author":"H Peterson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peterson H, Kingston P, Lee K, Yee D, Huang MY, Korouri E, et al. Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Hidradenitis Suppurativa Discussed on TikTok: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(3):e93\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36849\/jdd.7738.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1515_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14368","volume":"62","author":"BA Chaudhry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaudhry BA, Do TP, Ashina H, Ashina M, Amin FM. Cluster headache - The worst possible pain on YouTube. Headache. 2022;62(9):1222\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14368.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"1515_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57523","DOI":"10.2196\/57523","volume":"9","author":"LD Daon","year":"2025","unstructured":"Daon LD, Lee FW, Saynina O, Wang CJ. Health Care Content and Engagement in Chronic Illness Instagram Posts: Content Analysis. JMIR Form Res. 2025;9:e57523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/57523.","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1515_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463720940341","volume":"15","author":"A Hurley-Wallace","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hurley-Wallace A, Schoth DE, Lilley S, Williams G, Liossi C. Online paediatric chronic pain management: assessing the needs of UK adolescents and parents, using a cross-sectional survey. Br J Pain. 2021;15(3):312\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2049463720940341.","journal-title":"Br J Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"1515_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104580","volume":"25","author":"HB Leake","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leake HB, Heathcote LC, Ferencz N, Birnie KA, Davis A, Karran EL, et al. Codesign and Evaluation of Pain Science Messages on Social Media With Adolescents With a History of Chronic Pain. J Pain. 2024;25(9):104580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2024.104580.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"1515_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07687-5","volume":"25","author":"MT Valades","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valades MT, Montero-Torres M, Lara-Abelenda FJ, Carabot F, Ortega MA, \u00c1lvarez-Mon M, et al. Understanding public perceptions and discussions on diseases involving chronic pain through social media: cross-sectional infodemiology study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2024;25(1):569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-024-07687-5.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1515_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.96981","volume":"22","author":"F Carabot","year":"2025","unstructured":"Carabot F, Donat-Vargas C, Lara-Abelenda FJ, Mart\u00ednez OF, Santoma J, Garcia-Montero C, et al. Analysis of User-Generated Posts on Social Media of Adjuvant Analgesics: A Machine Learning Study. Int J Med Sci. 2025;22(1):170\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijms.96981.","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"1515_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58176","DOI":"10.2196\/58176","volume":"8","author":"P Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang P, Kamitaki BK, Do TP. Crowdsourcing Adverse Events Associated With Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Signaling for Migraine Prevention: Natural Language Processing Analysis of Social Media. JMIR Form Res. 2024;8:e58176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/58176.","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1515_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10479","DOI":"10.2196\/10479","volume":"21","author":"C Pearson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pearson C, Swindale R, Keighley P, McKinlay AR, Ridsdale L. Not Just a Headache: Qualitative Study About Web-Based Self-Presentation and Social Media Use by People With Migraine. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(6):e10479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/10479.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1515_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2022.07.013","volume":"23","author":"BD Pester","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pester BD, Tankha H, Ca\u00f1o A, Tong S, Grekin E, Bruinsma J, et al. Facing Pain Together: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of Facebook Support Groups on Adults With Chronic Pain. J Pain. 2022;23(12):2121\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2022.07.013.","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"1515_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hurley-Wallace A, Kirby S, Bishop F. Trusting in the online \u2018community\u2019: an interview study exploring internet use in young people with chronic pain. Br J Pain. 2021;16(3):341\u2013353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20494637211061970","DOI":"10.1177\/20494637211061970"},{"issue":"3","key":"1515_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000993","volume":"27","author":"C Szperka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szperka C. Headache in Children and Adolescents. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2021;27(3):703\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CON.0000000000000993.","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"1515_CR74","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics. 5Cs of media use. Center of Excellence on Social Media and Youth Mental Health. 2025. https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en\/patient-care\/media-and-children\/center-of-excellence-on-social-media-and-youth-mental-health\/5cs-of-media-use\/.Accessed 26 Feb 2026"},{"issue":"9","key":"1515_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14392","volume":"62","author":"AE Noser","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noser AE, Gibler RC, Ramsey RR, Wells RE, Seng EK, Hommel KA. Digital headache self-management interventions for patients with a primary headache disorder: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Headache. 2022;62(9):1105\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14392.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"3","key":"1515_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002090","volume":"162","author":"KL Gamwell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gamwell KL, Kollin SR, Gibler RC, Bedree H, Bieniak KH, Jagpal A, et al. Systematic evaluation of commercially available pain management apps examining behavior change techniques. Pain. 2021;162(3):856\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002090.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"1515_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.13547","volume":"29","author":"JF Hunter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hunter JF, Kain ZN, Fortier MA. Pain relief in the palm of your hand: Harnessing mobile health to manage pediatric pain. Paediatr Anaesth. 2019;29(2):120\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pan.13547.","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"1515_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000348","volume":"157","author":"TM Palermo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Palermo TM, Law EF, Fales J, Bromberg MH, Jessen-Fiddick T, Tai G. Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral treatment for adolescents with chronic pain and their parents: a randomized controlled multicenter trial. Pain. 2016;157(1):174\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000348.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"1515_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2763","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001994","volume":"161","author":"TM de la Palermo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palermo TM, de la Vega R, Murray C, Law E, Zhou C. A digital health psychological intervention (WebMAP Mobile) for children and adolescents with chronic pain: results of a hybrid effectiveness-implementation stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial. Pain. 2020;161(12):2763\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001994.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"1515_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13184","volume":"57","author":"S Bandarian-Balooch","year":"2017","unstructured":"16.Bandarian-Balooch S, Martin PR, McNally B, Brunelli A, Mackenzie S. Electronic-diary for recording headaches, triggers, and medication use: development and evaluation. Headache. 2017;57(10):1551\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13184.","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"14","key":"1515_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418756864","volume":"38","author":"RR Ramsey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramsey RR, Holbein CE, Powers SW, Hershey AD, Kabbouche MA, O\u2019Brien HL, et al A pilot investigation of a mobile phone application and progressive reminder system to improve adherence to daily prevention treatment in adolescents and young adults with migraine. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(14):2035\u201344. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102418756864.","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"}],"container-title":["Current Pain and Headache Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01515-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01515-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01515-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T06:03:54Z","timestamp":1780034634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01515-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-026-01515-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1531-3433","1534-3081"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1531-3433","type":"print"},{"value":"1534-3081","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"79"}}