{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:26:19Z","timestamp":1791386779065,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Psychiatry Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-005-0053-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,2]],"date-time":"2007-06-02T11:13:29Z","timestamp":1180782809000},"page":"196-200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Rapid eye movement sleep, non-rapid eye movement sleep, dreams, and hallucinations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Manni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"53_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(57)90088-3","volume":"9","author":"W Dement","year":"1957","unstructured":"Dement W, Kleitman N: Cyclic variations in EEG during sleep and their relation to eye movements, body motility, and dreaming. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1957, 9:673\u2013690.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"53_CR2","first-page":"1024","volume":"153","author":"M Jouvet","year":"1959","unstructured":"Jouvet M, Michel F, Courjon J: Sur un stade d\u2019activite\u2019 electrique cerebrale rapide au cours du sommeil physiologique. C R Soc Biol 1959, 153:1024\u20131028.","journal-title":"C R Soc Biol"},{"key":"53_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1126\/science.118.3062.273","volume":"118","author":"E Aserinsky","year":"1953","unstructured":"Aserinsky E, Kleitman N: Regularly occurring periods of eye motility and concurrent phenomena during sleep. Science 1953, 118:273\u2013274.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"53_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1037\/h0048189","volume":"53","author":"W Dement","year":"1957","unstructured":"Dement W, Kleitman N: The relation of eye movements during sleep to dream activity: An objective method for the study of dreaming. J Exp Psychol 1957, 53:89\u201397.","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"53_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1037\/h0040431","volume":"65","author":"D Foulkes","year":"1962","unstructured":"Foulkes D: Dream reports from different stages of sleep. J Abnorm Soc Psychol 1962, 65:14\u201325.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Soc Psychol"},{"key":"53_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1037\/h0022217","volume":"70","author":"D Foulkes","year":"1965","unstructured":"Foulkes D, Vogel G: Mental activity at sleep onset. J Abnorm Psychol 1965, 70:231\u2013243.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"53_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(71)90254-9","volume":"30","author":"P Salzarulo","year":"1971","unstructured":"Salzarulo P: Etude electroencephalographique et polygraphique du sommeil d\u2019apr\u00e9s-midi chez le sujet normal. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1971, 30:399\u2013407.","journal-title":"Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"53_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1037\/h0022218","volume":"2","author":"LJ Monroe","year":"1965","unstructured":"Monroe LJ, Rechtschaffen A, Foulkes D, Jensen J: Discriminability of REM and NREM reports. J Pers Soc Psychol 1965, 2:456\u2013460.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"53_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00003988","volume":"23","author":"M Solms","year":"2000","unstructured":"Solms M: Dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms. Behav Brain Sci 2000, 23:843\u2013850.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"53_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20246","volume":"56","author":"M Bischof","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bischof M, Bassetti CL: Total dream loss: a distinct neuropsychological dysfunction after bilateral PCA stroke. Ann Neurol 2004, 56:583\u2013586.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"53_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2001.0214","volume":"6","author":"I Fagioli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fagioli I: Mental activity during sleep. Sleep Med Rev 2002, 6:307\u2013320.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"53_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00385-1","volume":"104","author":"T Takeuchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takeuchi T, Ogilvie RD, Murphy TI, Ferrelli AV: EEG activities during elicited sleep onset REM and NREM periods reflect different mechanisms of dream generation. Clin Neurophysiology 2003, 104:210\u2013220. A two-generator model of dreaming in REM and NREM sleep is hypothesized by means of EEG power spectra analysis during REM and NREM dreams. In particular, the role of arousal processes in underlying NREM dreaming is emphasized.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiology"},{"key":"53_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X0000399X","volume":"23","author":"TA Nielsen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nielsen TA: A review of mentation in REM and NREM sleep: \"Covert\" REM sleep as a possible reconciliation of two opposing models. Behav Brain Sci 2000, 23:851\u2013866.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"53_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2003.00146.x","volume":"41","author":"R Fosse","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fosse R, Stickgold R, Hobson JA: Thinking and hallucinating: reciprocal changes in sleep. Psychophysiology 2004, 41:298\u2013305.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"53_CR15","first-page":"382","volume-title":"Rapid Eye Movement sleep","author":"K Takahasshi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Takahasshi K: Intensity of REM sleep. In Rapid Eye Movement sleep. Edited by Maliick BN, Inoue I. New York: Marcel Decker; 1999:382\u2013392."},{"key":"53_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-4694(97)00070-9","volume":"103","author":"E Werth","year":"1997","unstructured":"Werth E, Acherman P, Dijk DJ, Borbely AA: Spindle frequency activity in the sleep EEG: Individual differences and topographic distribution. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiology 1997, 103:535\u2013542.","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiology"},{"key":"53_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2000.00214.x","volume":"9","author":"P Maquet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maquet P: Functional neuroimaging of normal human sleep by positron emission tomography. Sleep Res 2000, 9:207\u2013231.","journal-title":"Sleep Res"},{"key":"53_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/383163a0","volume":"383","author":"P Maquet","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maquet P, Degueldre C, Belfiore G, et al.: Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming. Nature 1996, 383:163\u2013166.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"53_CR19","first-page":"679","volume":"3","author":"JA Hobson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hobson JA, Pace-Schott EF: The cognitive neuroscience of sleep: neuronal systems, consciousness and learning. Nature 2002, 3:679\u2013693.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"53_CR20","first-page":"511","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine","author":"M Kramer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kramer M: Dreams and Psychopathology. In Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine. Edited by Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 2000:511\u2013519."},{"key":"53_CR21","first-page":"214","volume":"157","author":"P Maquet","year":"2002","unstructured":"Maquet P, Schwartz MS: Evaluation of dreams by the neuropsychological approach. Utility in the characterization of cerebral correlates in oneiric activity by functional neuroimaging. Bull Med Acad R Med Belg 2002, 157:214\u2013219. The combination of neurophysiologic, neuropsychologic, and neuroimaging approaches in investigating sleep and dreaming give additional insights about lesional brain syndromes and the neurobiological substrate of their clinical manifestations, including disperceptive phenomena.","journal-title":"Bull Med Acad R Med Belg"},{"key":"53_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.4.526","volume":"110","author":"D Watson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Watson D: Dissociations of the night: individual differences in sleep-related experiences and their relation to dissociation and schizotypy. J Abnorm Psychol 2001, 110:526\u2013535.","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"53_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00143-9","volume":"28","author":"MA Thalbourne","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thalbourne MA, Houran J: Transliminality, the mental experience inventory, and tolerance of ambiguity. Pers Individ Dif 2000, 28:853\u2013863.","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"53_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/med:psych\/9780198523536.003.0012","volume-title":"Schyzotipy: Implications for Illness and Health","author":"C McCreery","year":"1997","unstructured":"McCreery C: Hallucinations and arousability: Pointers to a theory of psychosis. In Schyzotipy: Implications for Illness and Health. Edited by Claridge G. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997:251\u2013273."},{"key":"53_CR25","volume-title":"International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual","author":"American Sleep Disorders Association","year":"1997","unstructured":"American Sleep Disorders Association: International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual. Rochester, MN: American Sleep Disorders Association; 1997."},{"key":"53_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2003.00114.x","volume":"108","author":"A Szucs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Szucs A, Janszky J, Holl\u00f2 A, et al.: Misleading hallucinations in unrecognized narcolepsy. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003, 108:314\u2013317.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"53_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00306-2","volume":"62","author":"EB Gurstelle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gurstelle EB, de Oliveira JL: Daytime parahypnagogia: a state of consciousness that occurs when we almost fall asleep. Med Hypoth 2004, 62:166\u2013168.","journal-title":"Med Hypoth"},{"key":"53_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00227-4","volume":"97","author":"MM Ohayon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ohayon MM: Prevalence of hallucinations and their pathological ssociations in the general population. Psychiatry Res 2000, 97:153\u2013164.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"53_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(03)00028-2","volume":"19","author":"F Laroi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Laroi F, Marczewski P, Van der Linden M: Further evidence of the multi-dimensionality of hallucinatory predisposition: factor structure of a modified version of the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale in a normal sample. Eur Psychiatry 2004, 19:15\u201320. Sleep-related experiences such as hypnagogic hallucinations and vivid dreams are documented to contribute to the multidimensionality of the hallucinatory predisposition in general population. The role of sleep mechanisms in hallucinating is stressed.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"53_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision","author":"American Psychiatry Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatry Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatry Association; 2000."},{"key":"53_CR31","first-page":"513","volume":"88","author":"C Lasegue","year":"1881","unstructured":"Lasegue C: Le delire alcoolique n\u2019est pas un delire, mais un reve. Arch Gen Med 1881, 88:513\u2013536.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Med"},{"key":"53_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.124.2.133","volume":"124","author":"R Greenberg","year":"1967","unstructured":"Greenberg R, Pearlman C: Delirium tremens and dreaming. Am J Psychiatry 1967, 124:133\u2013142.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"53_CR33","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Advances in Sleep Research, Volume 2","author":"M Tachibana","year":"1975","unstructured":"Tachibana M, Tanaka K, Hishikawa Y, Kaneko Z: A sleep study of acute psychotic states due to alcohol and meprobamate addiction. In Advances in Sleep Research, Volume 2. Edited by Weitzman ED. New York: NY Spectrum Publications; 1975:177\u2013205."},{"key":"53_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00014-X","volume":"3","author":"G Plazzi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Plazzi G, Montagna P, Meletti S, Lugaresi E: Polysomnographic study of sleeplessness and oneiricisms in the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Sleep Med 2002, 3:279\u2013282. An altered behavioral state with visual hallucinations in the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal has been documented, using videopolysomnography, to come from a dissociated state of sleep, consisting of atypical transitional state between REM and wake with enacted dreams.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"53_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.63.8_suppl_3.S28","volume":"63","author":"J Kulisevsky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kulisevsky J, Roldan E: Hallucinations and sleep disturbances in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurology 2004, 63:28\u201330.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"53_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720200085","volume":"23","author":"M Onofrj","year":"2002","unstructured":"Onofrj M, Thomas A, D\u2019Andreamatteo G, et al.: Incidence of RBD and hallucination in patients affected by Parkinson\u2019s disease: 8-year follow-up. Neurol Sci 2002, 23:91\u201394.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"53_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000148479.10865.FE","volume":"64","author":"CG Goetz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goetz CG, Wuu J, Curgian LM, Leurgans S: Hallucinations and sleep disorders in PD: six-year prospective longitudinal study. Neurology 2005, 64:81\u201386.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"53_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.2.281","volume":"55","author":"I Arnulf","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arnulf I, Bonnet AM, Damier P, et al.: Hallucinations, REM sleep, and Parkinson\u2019s disease. A medical hypothesis. Neurology 2000, 55:281\u2013287. Some visual hallucinations in non-demented PD patients have been documented to originate from disordered REM sleep and to consist of dream imagery. Narcolepsy-like disorder rather than a psychogenic one has been thought to underlie psychosis in these patients.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"53_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000038351.32678.4A","volume":"59","author":"R Manni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Manni R, Pacchetti C, Terzaghi M, et al.: Hallucinations and sleep-wake cycle in PD. A 24-hour continuous polysomnographic study. Neurology 2002, 59:1979\u20131981.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"53_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.10.1819","volume":"121","author":"M Manford","year":"1998","unstructured":"Manford M, Andermann F: Complex visual hallucinations: clinical and neurobiological insights. Brain 1998, 121:1819\u20131840.","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Current Psychiatry Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11920-005-0053-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11920-005-0053-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11920-005-0053-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T00:41:06Z","timestamp":1559436066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11920-005-0053-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}},"alternative-id":["53"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-005-0053-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3812","1535-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3812","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}}}