{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:38:05Z","timestamp":1792726685308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Psychiatry Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-007-0025-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,2]],"date-time":"2007-07-02T07:01:29Z","timestamp":1183359689000},"page":"236-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":121,"title":["Psychogenic polydipsia review: Etiology, differential, and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Dundas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meera","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"25_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00847.x","volume":"35","author":"D. Kruse","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kruse D, Pantelis C, Rudd R, et al.: Treatment of psychogenic polydipsia: comparison of risperidone and olanzapine, and the effects of an adjunctive angiotensin-II receptor blocking drug (irbesartan). Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2001, 35:65\u201368.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"25_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/22.3.455","volume":"22","author":"C. Verghese","year":"1996","unstructured":"Verghese C, de Leon J, Josiassen RC: Problems and progress in the diagnosis and treatment of polydipsia and hyponatremia. Schizophr Bull 1996, 22:455\u2013464.","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"25_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-003-0403-z","volume":"253","author":"J. Leon de","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Leon J: Polydipsia\u2014a study in a long-term psychiatric unit. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2003, 253:37\u201339.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"25_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.6.675","volume":"145","author":"B.P. Illowsky","year":"1988","unstructured":"Illowsky BP, Kirch DG: Polydipsia and hyponatremia in psychiatric patients. Am J Psychiatry 1988, 145:675\u2013683.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"25_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330230085018","volume":"140","author":"M.K. Hariprasad","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hariprasad MK, Eisinger RP, Nadler RM, et al.: Hyponatremia in psychogenic polydipsia. Arch Intern Med 1980, 140:1639\u20131642.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"25_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(84)90384-X","volume":"77","author":"D.M. Gillum","year":"1984","unstructured":"Gillum DM, Linas SL: Water intoxication in a psychotic patient with normal water excretion. Am J Med 1984, 77:773\u2013774.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"25_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.2.221","volume":"136","author":"C.J. Jose","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jose CJ, Perez-Cruet J: Incidence and morbidity of self-induced water intoxication in state mental hospital patients. Am J Psychiatry 1979, 136:221\u2013222.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"25_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460010084036","volume":"265","author":"D.C. Klonoff","year":"1991","unstructured":"Klonoff DC, Jurow AH: Acute water intoxication as a complication of urine drug testing in the workplace. JAMA 1991, 265:84\u201385.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"25_CR9","first-page":"75","volume":"48","author":"G. Fricchione","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fricchione G, Kelleher S, Ayyala M: Coexisting central diabetes insipidus and psychogenic polydipsia. J Clin Psychiatry 1987, 48:75\u201376.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"25_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198011063031902","volume":"303","author":"C.A. Stuart","year":"1980","unstructured":"Stuart CA, Neelon FA, Lebovitz HE: Disordered control of thirst in hypothalamic-pituitary sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med 1980, 303:1078\u20131082.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"25_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1991.tb03526.x","volume":"35","author":"C.J. Thompson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thompson CJ, Edwards CR, Baylis PH: Osmotic and nonosmotic regulation of thirst and vasopressin secretion in patients with compulsive water drinking. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1991, 35:221\u2013228.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"25_CR12","first-page":"R533","volume":"260","author":"C.J. Thompson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Thompson CJ, Selby P, Baylis PH: Reproducibility of osmotic and nonosmotic tests of vasopressin secretion in men. Am J Physiol 1991, 260:R533\u2013R539.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"25_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-82-1-61_1","volume":"82","author":"K.J. Rao","year":"1975","unstructured":"Rao KJ, Miller M, Moses A: Water intoxication and thioridazine (Mellaril). Ann Intern Med 1975, 82:61.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"25_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(96)00274-4","volume":"102","author":"C.L. Fraser","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fraser CL, Arieff AI: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of hyponatremic encephalopathy. Am J Med 1997, 102:67\u201377.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl3","key":"25_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.73.Suppl_3.S4","volume":"73","author":"I. Douglas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Douglas I: Hyponatremia: why it matters, how it presents, how we can manage it. Cleve Clin J Med 2006, 73(Suppl 3):S4\u2013S12.","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"25_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine1962.29.52","volume":"29","author":"J. Tomiyama","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tomiyama J, Kametani H, Kumagai Y, et al.: Water intoxication and rhabdomyolysis. Jpn J Med 1990, 29:52\u201355.","journal-title":"Jpn J Med"},{"key":"25_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.18032","volume":"32","author":"J. Wicki","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wicki J, Rutschmann OT, Burri H, et al.: Rhabdomyolysis after correction of hyponatremia due to psychogenic polydipsia possibly complicated by clozapine. Ann Pharmacother 1998, 32:892\u2013895.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"25_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2006000100031","volume":"64","author":"C.A. Twardowschy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Twardowschy CA, Bertolucci CB, Gracia Cde M, Brandao MA: Severe hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) associated with fluoxetine: case report [in Portuguese]. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2006, 64:142\u2013145.","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"25_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10190","volume":"51","author":"R.C. Sachdeo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sachdeo RC, Wasserstein A, Mesenbrink PJ, D\u2019souza J: Effects of oxcarbazepine on sodium concentration and water handling. Ann Neurol 2002, 51:613\u2013620.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"25_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-87-6-722","volume":"87","author":"K.M. Flegel","year":"1977","unstructured":"Flegel KM, Cole CH: Inappropriate antidiuresis during carbamazepine treatment. Ann Intern Med 1977, 87:722\u2013723.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"25_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1159\/000013496","volume":"19","author":"A. Spital","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spital A: Diuretic-induced hyponatremia. Am J Nephrol 1999, 19:447\u2013452.","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"25_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7058.689b","volume":"313","author":"B. Wilkins","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wilkins B: Cerebral oedema after MDMA (\u201cecstasy\u201d) and unrestricted water intake. Hyponatremia must be treated with low water input. BMJ 1996, 313:689\u2013690.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"25_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90196-8","volume":"347","author":"R. Holden","year":"1996","unstructured":"Holden R, Jackson MA: Near-fatal hyponatraemic coma due to vasopression over-secretion after \u201cecstasy\u201d (3,4-MDMA) [letter]. Lancet 1996, 347:1052.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"25_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9631849","volume":"31","author":"S.M. Thaler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Thaler SM, Teitelbaum I, Berl T: \u201cBeer potomania\u201d in non-beer drinkers: effect of low dietary solute intake. Am J Kidney Dis 1998, 31:1028\u20131031.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"25_CR25","first-page":"748","volume-title":"Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders","author":"B.D. Rose","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rose BD, Post TW, Narins R: Hyperosmolal states\u2014hyponatremia and hyperosmolal states\u2014hyperglycemia. In Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders, edn 5. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001:748\u2013757, 767\u2013772.","edition":"edn 5"},{"key":"25_CR26","first-page":"840","volume-title":"Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment","author":"L.M. Tierney Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tierney LM, Jr, McPhee SJ, Papadakis MA: Fluid and electrolyte disorders and endocrinology. In Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment, edn 42. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2003:840\u2013845, 1076\u20131077.","edition":"edn 42"},{"key":"25_CR27","first-page":"1465","volume":"81","author":"M.B. Goldman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goldman MB, Robertson GL, Luchins DJ, Hedeker D: The influence of polydipsia on water excretion in hyponatremic, polydipsic, schizophrenic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996, 81:1465\u20131470.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"25_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198112243052601","volume":"305","author":"R.L. Zerbe","year":"1981","unstructured":"Zerbe RL, Robertson GL: A comparison of plasma vasopressin measurements with a standard indirect test in the differential diagnosis of polyuria. N Engl J Med 1981, 305:1539\u20131546.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"25_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000116717.42624.68","volume":"66","author":"E.S. Costanzo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Costanzo ES, Antes LM, Christensen AJ: Behavioral and medical treatment of chronic polydipsia in a patient with schizophrenia and diabetes insipidus. Psychosom Med 2004, 66:283\u2013286.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"25_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1247","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1993.265.5.C1247","volume":"265","author":"A.M. Moses","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moses AM, Clayton B: Impairment of osmotically stimulated AVP release in patients with primary polydipsia. Am J Physiol 1993, 265:R1247\u2013R1252.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"25_CR31","unstructured":"Neurology resident web page, medicine pocketbook kidney section. University of Western Ontario Clinical Neurosciences website. Available at: www.uwo.ca\/cns\/resident\/pocketbook\/medicine\/kidney\/hyponatremia.html. Accessed February 28, 2007."},{"key":"25_CR32","first-page":"353","volume":"72","author":"G. Offenstadt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Offenstadt G, Das V: Hyponatremia, hypernatremia: a physiological approach. Minerva Anestesiol 2006, 72:353\u2013356.","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"25_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(88)90042-4","volume":"1","author":"W.V. Veiweg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Veiweg WV, Godleski LS, Graham P, et al.: Abnormal diurnal weight gain among long-term patients with schizophrenic disorders. Schizophr Res 1988, 1:67\u201371.","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"25_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(90)90049-Q","volume":"21","author":"L. Bowen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bowen L, Glynn SM, Marshall BD, Jr, et al.: Successful behavioral treatment of polydipsia in a schizophrenic patient. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1990, 21:53\u201361.","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"SupplB","key":"25_CR35","first-page":"110","volume":"55","author":"R.A. Leadbetter","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leadbetter RA, Shutty MS, Jr: Differential effects of neuroleptic and clozapine on polydipsia and intermittent hyponatremia. J Clin Psychiatry 1994, 55(Suppl B):110\u2013113.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"25_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199106000-00022","volume":"11","author":"H.S. Lee","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lee HS, Kwon KY, Alphs LD, Meltzer HY: Effect of clozapine on psychogenic polydipsia in chronic schizophrenia [letter]. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991, 11:222\u2013223.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"25_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(91)90300-B","volume":"30","author":"R.C. Alexander","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alexander RC, Karp BI, Thompson S, et al.: A double blind, placebo-controlled trial of demeclocycline treatment of polydipsia-hyponatremia in chronically psychotic patients. Biol Psychiatry 1991, 30:417\u2013420.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"25_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00159-0","volume":"18","author":"R.M. Greendyke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Greendyke RM, Bernhardt AJ, Tasbas HE, Lewandowski KS: Polydipsia in chronic psychiatric patients: therapeutic trials of clonidine and enalapril. Neuropsychopharmacology 1998, 18:272\u2013281.","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"25_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90594-R","volume":"27","author":"C.S. Sebastian","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sebastian CS, Bernardin AS: Comparison of enalapril and captopril in the management of self-induced water intoxication. Biol Psychiatry 1990, 27:787\u2013790.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Current Psychiatry Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11920-007-0025-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11920-007-0025-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11920-007-0025-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T20:41:09Z","timestamp":1559421669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11920-007-0025-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-007-0025-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1523-3812","1535-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1523-3812","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}