{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:00:46Z","timestamp":1792112446945,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Psychiatry Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Over the last 30\u00a0years, medical assistance in dying (MAiD) including euthanasia (EU) and physician-assisted death (or suicide, PAS) has become the center of a large debate, particularly when these practices have involved people with psychiatric illness, including resistant depression, schizophrenia, personality, or other severe psychiatric disorders. We performed a review utilizing several databases, and by including the most relevant studies in full journal articles investigating the problem of MAiD in patients with psychiatric disorders but not in physical terminal conditions (non-terminal, MAiD-NT).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Literature has shown that a small percentage of people with psychiatric disorders died by MAiD-NT in comparison with patients with somatic diseases in terminal clinical conditions (e.g., cancer, AIDS). However, the problem in the field is complex and not solved yet as confirmed by the fact that only a few countries (e.g., the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg) have legalized MAiD-NT for patients with psychiatric disorders, while most have maintained the practices accessible only to people with somatic disease in a terminal phase. Also, how to make objective the criterion of irremediability of a mental disorder; how to balance suicide prevention with assisted suicide; how to avoid the risk of progressively including in requests for MAiD-NT  vulnerable segments of the population, such as minors, elderly, or people with dementia, in a productive-oriented society, are some of the critical points to be discussed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The application of MAiD-NT in people with psychiatric disorders should be further explored to prevent end-of-life rights from contradicting the principles of recovery-oriented care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-022-01339-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T08:03:02Z","timestamp":1654761782000},"page":"325-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Debating Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Death in People with Psychiatric Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Luigi","family":"Grassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Folesani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Marella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Tiberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle B.","family":"Riba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bortolotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Toffanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Palagini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martino","family":"Belvederi Murri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Biancosino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosangela","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"1339_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706193362506","volume":"336","author":"JH Groenewoud","year":"1997","unstructured":"Groenewoud JH, van der Maas PJ, van der Wal G, Hengeveld MW, Tholen AJ, Schudel WJ. van der Heide A Physician-assisted death in psychiatric practice in the Netherlands. 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Debate on parity between mental and physical illnesses, concept of irremediability and the issue of suicide prevention in psychiatric disorders in relation to E\/PAS.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720001543"},{"key":"1339_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11017-012-9209-1","volume":"33","author":"ED Pellegrino","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pellegrino ED. Medical ethics in an era of bioethics: resetting the medical profession\u2019s compass. Theor Med Bioeth. 2012;33:21\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11017-012-9209-1.","journal-title":"Theor Med Bioeth"},{"key":"1339_CR5","first-page":"47","volume":"10","author":"ED Pellegrino","year":"1994","unstructured":"Pellegrino ED. Patient and physician autonomy: conflicting rights and obligations in the physician-patient relationship. 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Irremediable psychiatric suffering in the context of physician-assisted death: a scoping review of arguments Can J Psychiatry. 2020;65(9):593\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0706743720923072.\u00a0Ethical and clinical paper regarding the concept of irremediability in psychiatric disorders, with arguments concerning uncertainty of diagnosis and prognosis in these disorders, the nature of mental illness and relative treatments, as well as arguments concerning hope and treatment refusal.","journal-title":"Irremediable psychiatric suffering in the context of physician-assisted death: a scoping review of arguments Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"1339_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720928656","volume":"65","author":"KS Gaind","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u2022 Gaind KS. What does \u201cirremediability\u201d in mental illness mean? 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Riba, Lisa Bortolotti, Tommaso Toffanin, Laura Palagini, Martino Belvederi Murri, Bruno Biancosino, Maria Ferrara, and Rosangela Caruso declare that they have no conflict of interest. Luigi Grassi has received royalties for books from Springer, and personal fees from EISAI and ANGELINI for scientific consultancy outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}